Objective: to investigate the value of self-made negative pressure aspirator combined with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) in the treatment of upper urinary calculi. Methods: 178 patients with upper urinary calculi we...Objective: to investigate the value of self-made negative pressure aspirator combined with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) in the treatment of upper urinary calculi. Methods: 178 patients with upper urinary calculi were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods, 89 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional URI, and patients in the observation group were treated with self-made negative pressure suction device combined with URI. The surgical indicators, complications and therapeutic effects of patients in the two groups were observed. Results: the renal pressure, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, WBC count, neutrophil percentage, PCT value and CRP value in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The primary stone clearance rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the intraoperative stone escape rate, postoperative fever incidence and postoperative septic shock incidence in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: the self-made negative pressure suction device combined with URL can significantly reduce the intraoperative calculus escape rate and the incidence of septic shock, and can significantly improve the primary calculus clearance rate with good effect.展开更多
An electrically activated underwater suction device is designed to form an amazing amount of negative pressure by generating water swirling flow,which can make underwater wall-climbing robot stick to the wall surface ...An electrically activated underwater suction device is designed to form an amazing amount of negative pressure by generating water swirling flow,which can make underwater wall-climbing robot stick to the wall surface allowing a ground clearance.For the purpose of a full understanding of the mechanism of the suction device,a series of experimental tests are carried out and a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model is established.The results show that the suction force F is consistent between experimental tests and simulations.An insight into the flow phenomena of vortex suction device,including spatial velocity and pressure distribution,is given through numerical simulation analysis.Furthermore,the crucial parameters,i.e.,the rotation speedωand gap clearance h,are studied.Then the relationships of F-ωand F-h are clarified.It reveals that with the increasing of rotation speed,the suction force increases quadratically.And with the increasing of gap clearance,the suction force increases firstly and then decreases,so that a reasonable design interval of gap clearance can be got to obtain the required suction force for the engineering applications.展开更多
Objective:We aimed to study the effect of flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)for renal stones using a flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath(FANS)on intraoperative radiation dose and time.Methods:This was a mul...Objective:We aimed to study the effect of flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)for renal stones using a flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath(FANS)on intraoperative radiation dose and time.Methods:This was a multicenter study of adults who underwent FURS with FANS.The correlation analysis was done to identify factors affecting radiation dose and time measured by the C-arm fluoroscopy intraoperatively.Results:We analyzed 110 patients,with a median age of 50 years.Of them,72%were pre-stented prior to the procedure.The median stone volume was 1503 mm3 and the median operative time was 39 min.The median radiation dose was 7.4 mSv and median radiation time was 0.6 min.Totally,91%of patients achieved stone-free status(Grade A or B)on the non-contrast CT scan within 30 days postoperatively.There were no cases of postoperative sepsis.Body mass index,stone volume,and total operation time were associated with a higher radiation dose.Procedures performed under general anesthesia had a lower radiation dose and time than those performed under spinal anesthesia.Disposable scopes were associated with higher radiation time than reusable scopes but not dose.A low-power holmium laser had longer radiation time than other laser sources,but only the thulium fiber laser was associated with a significantly lower radiation dose.Conclusion:Our study is the first to highlight the multitude of factors affecting radiation exposure in FURS with FANS.Although not a direct measure of surgeons'actual exposure,it has important implications for the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle which is commonly used to minimize radiation exposure to patients and operating room staff.展开更多
Inhaled preparation is a common drug type in modern clinical practice. Because of its unique nature, it can be used by inhalation. It has the advantages that conventional oral or injection drugs do not have, and has b...Inhaled preparation is a common drug type in modern clinical practice. Because of its unique nature, it can be used by inhalation. It has the advantages that conventional oral or injection drugs do not have, and has been paid more attention in medical research. This paper analyzes the common classification of inhalation preparations, and analyzes the future development direction of inhalation preparations.展开更多
Chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and tumors are called the "four chronic diseases" in the world, and they are one of the main causes of mortality and morbi...Chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and tumors are called the "four chronic diseases" in the world, and they are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Among them, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common among all chronic respiratory diseases. COPD is a group of lung diseases characterized by airflow restriction, which is not completely reversible and develops progressively, mainly involving the lungs. The main causes and pathogenesis include environmental reasons and organism reasons. Bad living habits such as smoking, poor air quality and long-term exposure to dust may all induce COPD. In addition, there are also organic reasons, such as the weak defense function of the body, which cant defend against external sensitization factors. With the increase of age, the disease is often aggravated. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway involving many cells (such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells, etc.) and cell components. Its main causes are genetic factors and environmental factors. If both parents have increased airway responsiveness, the probability of relatives suffering from asthma is higher, followed by dust mites, fungi, dander, infection, food, medicine, climate change, exercise and air pollution. Due to the aggravation of global air pollution and the aging of population, the number of patients with COPD and asthma is increasing year by year.展开更多
Due to the maize growing agronomy requires ground covered by mulch film in the arid zones of the China Northwest region,the seed-metering device must roll over,break the film,and then throw seeds into soil.However,the...Due to the maize growing agronomy requires ground covered by mulch film in the arid zones of the China Northwest region,the seed-metering device must roll over,break the film,and then throw seeds into soil.However,the uneven ground can cause the seed-metering device to shake,reducing seed-metering performance.To improve the adaptability for different shapes of maize seeds,a air suction wheel type seed-metering device with elastic pad was developed for better seed extraction and bump resistance.Firstly,the advantages and influencing factors of the elastic pad were analyzed through four processes of metering seeds.Secondly,the velocity distributions of six diameters of the suction hole are compared to determine the range with FLUENT.Then,a one-factor experiment was conducted to analyze the pattern of the factors(the seed layer height,the critical vacuum,the rotational speed of the seed disk,and the suction hole diameter)influencing the metering seed performance.Finally,a five-level quadratic rotation orthogonal design was used to optimize the parameters.Results show that the optimal values are that the seed layer height is 40 mm,and the critical vacuum is 2.85 kPa,and the rotational speed of the seed disk is 20.1 r/min.The validation experiment resulted in a 93.79%qualified index,with a 4.02%missing index and a 2.19%multiple index.展开更多
文摘Objective: to investigate the value of self-made negative pressure aspirator combined with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) in the treatment of upper urinary calculi. Methods: 178 patients with upper urinary calculi were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods, 89 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional URI, and patients in the observation group were treated with self-made negative pressure suction device combined with URI. The surgical indicators, complications and therapeutic effects of patients in the two groups were observed. Results: the renal pressure, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, WBC count, neutrophil percentage, PCT value and CRP value in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The primary stone clearance rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the intraoperative stone escape rate, postoperative fever incidence and postoperative septic shock incidence in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), with statistically significant differences. Conclusion: the self-made negative pressure suction device combined with URL can significantly reduce the intraoperative calculus escape rate and the incidence of septic shock, and can significantly improve the primary calculus clearance rate with good effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11672105)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2016JJ1009)。
文摘An electrically activated underwater suction device is designed to form an amazing amount of negative pressure by generating water swirling flow,which can make underwater wall-climbing robot stick to the wall surface allowing a ground clearance.For the purpose of a full understanding of the mechanism of the suction device,a series of experimental tests are carried out and a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model is established.The results show that the suction force F is consistent between experimental tests and simulations.An insight into the flow phenomena of vortex suction device,including spatial velocity and pressure distribution,is given through numerical simulation analysis.Furthermore,the crucial parameters,i.e.,the rotation speedωand gap clearance h,are studied.Then the relationships of F-ωand F-h are clarified.It reveals that with the increasing of rotation speed,the suction force increases quadratically.And with the increasing of gap clearance,the suction force increases firstly and then decreases,so that a reasonable design interval of gap clearance can be got to obtain the required suction force for the engineering applications.
文摘Objective:We aimed to study the effect of flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)for renal stones using a flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath(FANS)on intraoperative radiation dose and time.Methods:This was a multicenter study of adults who underwent FURS with FANS.The correlation analysis was done to identify factors affecting radiation dose and time measured by the C-arm fluoroscopy intraoperatively.Results:We analyzed 110 patients,with a median age of 50 years.Of them,72%were pre-stented prior to the procedure.The median stone volume was 1503 mm3 and the median operative time was 39 min.The median radiation dose was 7.4 mSv and median radiation time was 0.6 min.Totally,91%of patients achieved stone-free status(Grade A or B)on the non-contrast CT scan within 30 days postoperatively.There were no cases of postoperative sepsis.Body mass index,stone volume,and total operation time were associated with a higher radiation dose.Procedures performed under general anesthesia had a lower radiation dose and time than those performed under spinal anesthesia.Disposable scopes were associated with higher radiation time than reusable scopes but not dose.A low-power holmium laser had longer radiation time than other laser sources,but only the thulium fiber laser was associated with a significantly lower radiation dose.Conclusion:Our study is the first to highlight the multitude of factors affecting radiation exposure in FURS with FANS.Although not a direct measure of surgeons'actual exposure,it has important implications for the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle which is commonly used to minimize radiation exposure to patients and operating room staff.
文摘Inhaled preparation is a common drug type in modern clinical practice. Because of its unique nature, it can be used by inhalation. It has the advantages that conventional oral or injection drugs do not have, and has been paid more attention in medical research. This paper analyzes the common classification of inhalation preparations, and analyzes the future development direction of inhalation preparations.
文摘Chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and tumors are called the "four chronic diseases" in the world, and they are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Among them, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are the most common among all chronic respiratory diseases. COPD is a group of lung diseases characterized by airflow restriction, which is not completely reversible and develops progressively, mainly involving the lungs. The main causes and pathogenesis include environmental reasons and organism reasons. Bad living habits such as smoking, poor air quality and long-term exposure to dust may all induce COPD. In addition, there are also organic reasons, such as the weak defense function of the body, which cant defend against external sensitization factors. With the increase of age, the disease is often aggravated. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway involving many cells (such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells, etc.) and cell components. Its main causes are genetic factors and environmental factors. If both parents have increased airway responsiveness, the probability of relatives suffering from asthma is higher, followed by dust mites, fungi, dander, infection, food, medicine, climate change, exercise and air pollution. Due to the aggravation of global air pollution and the aging of population, the number of patients with COPD and asthma is increasing year by year.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52065004,52365030)Lanzhou Municipal Young Talent Innovation Project(Grant No.2023-QN-146)+2 种基金Major Cultivation Project of Collegiate Scientific Research and Innovation Platform of Gansu Provincial Department of Education(2024CXPT-15)Special Project of Gansu Provincial Commissioner for Science and Technology(23CXGA0066)Gansu Agricultural Machinery R&D,Manufacturing and Promotion Application in 2023 Integrated Pilot Project(3-3).
文摘Due to the maize growing agronomy requires ground covered by mulch film in the arid zones of the China Northwest region,the seed-metering device must roll over,break the film,and then throw seeds into soil.However,the uneven ground can cause the seed-metering device to shake,reducing seed-metering performance.To improve the adaptability for different shapes of maize seeds,a air suction wheel type seed-metering device with elastic pad was developed for better seed extraction and bump resistance.Firstly,the advantages and influencing factors of the elastic pad were analyzed through four processes of metering seeds.Secondly,the velocity distributions of six diameters of the suction hole are compared to determine the range with FLUENT.Then,a one-factor experiment was conducted to analyze the pattern of the factors(the seed layer height,the critical vacuum,the rotational speed of the seed disk,and the suction hole diameter)influencing the metering seed performance.Finally,a five-level quadratic rotation orthogonal design was used to optimize the parameters.Results show that the optimal values are that the seed layer height is 40 mm,and the critical vacuum is 2.85 kPa,and the rotational speed of the seed disk is 20.1 r/min.The validation experiment resulted in a 93.79%qualified index,with a 4.02%missing index and a 2.19%multiple index.
