BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a pivotal intervention for managing esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with chronic hepatic schistosomiasis.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of d...BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a pivotal intervention for managing esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with chronic hepatic schistosomiasis.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of digital subtraction angiography image overlay tech-nology(DIT)in guiding the TIPS procedure.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent TIPS at our hospital,comparing outcomes between an ultrasound-guided group and a DIT-guided group.Our analysis focused on the duration of the portosystemic shunt puncture,the number of punctures needed,the total surgical time,and various clinical indicators related to the surgery.RESULTS The study included 52 patients with esophagogastric varices due to chronic hepatic schistosomiasis.Results demonstrated that the DIT-guided group expe-rienced significantly shorter puncture times(P<0.001)and surgical durations(P=0.022)compared to the ultrasound-guided group.Additionally,postoperative assessments showed significant reductions in aspartate aminotransferase,B-type natriuretic peptide,and portal vein pressure in both groups.Notably,the DIT-guided group also showed significant reductions in total bilirubin(P=0.001)and alanine aminotransferase(P=0.023).CONCLUSION The use of DIT for guiding TIPS procedures highlights its potential to enhance procedural efficiency and reduce surgical times in the treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with chronic hepatic schistoso-miasis.展开更多
The deep convolutional neural network U-net has been introduced into adaptive subtraction, which is a critical step in effectively suppressing seismic multiples. The U-net approach has higher precision than the tradit...The deep convolutional neural network U-net has been introduced into adaptive subtraction, which is a critical step in effectively suppressing seismic multiples. The U-net approach has higher precision than the traditional linear regression approach. However, the existing 2D U-net approach with 2D data windows can not deal with elaborate discrepancies between the actual and simulated multiples along the gather direction. It may lead to erroneous preservation of primaries or generate obvious vestigial multiples, especially in complex media. To further enhance the multiple suppression accuracy, we present an adaptive subtraction approach utilizing 3D U-net architecture, which can adaptively separate primaries and multiples utilizing 3D windows. The utilization of 3D windows allows for enhanced depiction of spatial continuity and anisotropy of seismic events along the gather direction in comparison to 2D windows. The 3D U-net approach with 3D windows can more effectively preserve the continuity of primaries and manage the complex disparities between the actual and simulated multiples. The proposed 3D U-net approach exhibits 1 dB improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to the 2D U-net approach, as observed in the synthesis data section, and exhibits more outstanding performance in the preservation of primaries and removal of residual multiples in both synthesis and reality data sections. Moreover, to expedite network training in our proposed 3D U-net approach we employ the transfer learning (TL) strategy by utilizing the network parameters of 3D U-net estimated in the preceding data segment as the initial network parameters of 3D U-net for the subsequent data segment. In the reality data section, the 3D U-net approach incorporating TL reduces the computational expense by 70% compared to the one without TL.展开更多
Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong s...Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong signal of liposomes under cryo-EM imaging conditions often interferes with the structural determination of the embedded membrane proteins.Here,we propose a liposome signal subtraction method based on single-particle two-dimensional(2D)classification average images,aimed at enhancing the reconstruction resolution of membrane proteins.We analyzed the signal distribution characteristics of liposomes and proteins within the 2D classification average images of protein–liposome complexes in the frequency domain.Based on this analysis,we designed a method to subtract the liposome signals from the original particle images.After the subtraction,the accuracy of single-particle three-dimensional(3D)alignment was improved,enhancing the resolution of the final 3D reconstruction.We demonstrated this method using a PIEZO1-proteoliposome dataset by improving the resolution of the PIEZO1 protein.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are very few cases of cardiac occluder detachment,and it is rare to completely remove the occluder using interventional methods without undergoing thoracotomy surgery after detachment.This case innova...BACKGROUND There are very few cases of cardiac occluder detachment,and it is rare to completely remove the occluder using interventional methods without undergoing thoracotomy surgery after detachment.This case innovatively used ultrasound guidance combined with digital subtraction angiography(DSA)to completely remove the occluder,accumulating some experience.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left atrial appendage occlusion surgery in our hospital due to atrial fibrillation.After the surgery,the occluder fell off and became free in the left ventricle,which is very dangerous.We innovatively used ultrasound guidance,combined with DSA,and interventional surgery to successfully capture the free occluder using a catcher,completely remove it,and then re implant a new left atrial appendage occluder.After the surgery,the patient recovered very well.CONCLUSION The size selection of the occluder is slightly conservative,and the shape of the left atrial appendage opening is irregular.展开更多
Are all prime numbers linked by four simple functions? Can we predict when a prime will appear in a sequence of primes? If we classify primes into two groups, Group 1 for all primes that appear before ζ (such that , ...Are all prime numbers linked by four simple functions? Can we predict when a prime will appear in a sequence of primes? If we classify primes into two groups, Group 1 for all primes that appear before ζ (such that , for instance 5, ), an even number divisible by 3 and 2, and Group 2 for all primes that are after ζ (such that , for instance 7), then we find a simple function: for each prime in each group, , where n is any natural number. If we start a sequence of primes with 5 for Group 1 and 7 for Group 2, we can attribute a μ value for each prime. The μ value can be attributed to every prime greater than 7. Thus for Group 1, and . Using this formula, all the primes appear for , where μ is any natural number.展开更多
Drought risk assessment plays a crucial role in effective drought management.However,it is often challenging due to the intricate relationships among various indicators and the lack of practical guidance.This study pr...Drought risk assessment plays a crucial role in effective drought management.However,it is often challenging due to the intricate relationships among various indicators and the lack of practical guidance.This study presents a drought risk assessment model developed using the Semi-partial Quadratic Subtraction Set Pair Potential(SQSSPP)method,which is derived from the theory of set pair analysis.The indicator system comprises 21 indicators divided into four subsystems.The SQSSPP method utilizes uncertainty information in the overall development trend of regional drought risk states by extracting connection numbers from the Sub-traction Set Pair Potential(SSPP),improving the reliability of evaluation results.The SQSSPP method is validated through a case study of Suzhou City,China,from 2007 to 2017.Three grades are used to evaluate comprehensive drought risk.The result shows an overall decreasing trend over time,with a level III risk in 2010 and consistently at level II from 2011 to 2017.Indicators in the hazard and resilience subsystems are the primary factors influencing drought risk in the Suzhou City.Specific indicators requiring emphasis for improvement are identified,including arable land rate,agricultural population ratio,reservoir regulation rate,current water supply capacity,and irrigation index.The SQSSPP method not only provides targeted drought risk assessment but also provides valuable guidance for future water resource management.While the study focuses on Suzhou City,the proposed approach is applicable to broader-scale risk management evaluations and practices.展开更多
Despite advancements in neuroimaging,false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern.This article examines the causes,prevalence,and implications of such false-positive diagnoses.We dis...Despite advancements in neuroimaging,false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern.This article examines the causes,prevalence,and implications of such false-positive diagnoses.We discuss how conditions like arterial occlusion with vascular stump formation and infundibular widening can mimic aneurysms,particularly in the anterior circulation.The article compares various imaging modalities,including computer tomography angiogram,magnetic resonance imaging/angiography,and digital subtraction angiogram,highlighting their strengths and limitations.We emphasize the im-portance of accurate differentiation to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.The potential of emerging technologies,such as high-resolution vessel wall ima-ging and deep neural networks for automated detection,is explored as promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy.This manuscript underscores the need for continued research and clinical vigilance in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.展开更多
Persistent flows are defined as network flows that persist over multiple time intervals and continue to exhibit activity over extended periods,which are critical for identifying long-term behaviors and subtle security...Persistent flows are defined as network flows that persist over multiple time intervals and continue to exhibit activity over extended periods,which are critical for identifying long-term behaviors and subtle security threats.Programmable switches provide line-rate packet processing to meet the requirements of high-speed network environments,yet they are fundamentally limited in computational and memory resources.Accurate and memoryefficient persistent flow detection on programmable switches is therefore essential.However,existing approaches often rely on fixed-window sketches or multiple sketches instances,which either suffer from insufficient temporal precision or incur substantial memory overhead,making them ineffective on programmable switches.To address these challenges,we propose SP-Sketch,an innovative sliding-window-based sketch that leverages a probabilistic update mechanism to emulate slot expiration without maintaining multiple sketch instances.This innovative design significantly reduces memory consumption while preserving high detection accuracy across multiple time intervals.We provide rigorous theoretical analyses of the estimation errors,deriving precise error bounds for the proposed method,and validate our approach through comprehensive implementations on both P4 hardware switches(with Intel Tofino ASIC)and software switches(i.e.,BMv2).Experimental evaluations using real-world traffic traces demonstrate that SP-Sketch outperforms traditional methods,improving accuracy by up to 20%over baseline sliding window approaches and enhancing recall by 5%compared to non-sliding alternatives.Furthermore,SP-Sketch achieves a significant reduction in memory utilization,reducing memory consumption by up to 65%compared to traditional methods,while maintaining a robust capability to accurately track persistent flow behavior over extended time periods.展开更多
Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology,enabling fully automated behavior analysis.Existing multianimal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-b...Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology,enabling fully automated behavior analysis.Existing multianimal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-bydetection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down approaches,requiring retraining to accommodate diverse animal appearances.This study introduces InteBOMB,an integrated workflow that enhances top-down approaches by incorporating generic object tracking,eliminating the need for prior knowledge of target animals while maintaining broad generalizability.InteBOMB includes two key strategies for tracking and segmentation in laboratory environments and two techniques for pose estimation in natural settings.The“background enhancement”strategy optimizesforeground-backgroundcontrastiveloss,generating more discriminative correlation maps.The“online proofreading”strategy stores human-in-the-loop long-term memory and dynamic short-term memory,enabling adaptive updates to object visual features.The“automated labeling suggestion”technique reuses the visual features saved during tracking to identify representative frames for training set labeling.Additionally,the“joint behavior analysis”technique integrates these features with multimodal data,expanding the latent space for behavior classification and clustering.To evaluate the framework,six datasets of mice and six datasets of nonhuman primates were compiled,covering laboratory and natural scenes.Benchmarking results demonstrated a24%improvement in zero-shot generic tracking and a 21%enhancement in joint latent space performance across datasets,highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in robust,generalizable behavior analysis.展开更多
Exploiting remote sensing data is a promising approach to estimate surface solar irradiance(SSI).In this study,we propose a method to estimate global SSI using a lookup table and Landsat data.Despite the low temporal ...Exploiting remote sensing data is a promising approach to estimate surface solar irradiance(SSI).In this study,we propose a method to estimate global SSI using a lookup table and Landsat data.Despite the low temporal resolution of the data used,the developed method produces SSI maps with adequate spatial resolution.It combines physical parameters extracted from Landsat metadata files with the physical laws governing global solar irradiance,its transmission through the atmosphere,and surface reflectance.The results obtained are compared with those in the literature,particularly one study that uses Meteosat data and two others that use radiometric spectral and temporal models.Additionally,experiments are conducted at three sites in Algeria:Oran,In Amenas,and Tamenghasset.The findings indicate that the proposed approach aligns with the tested literature methods while providing SSI maps with superior spatial resolution.Furthermore,the obtained solar irradiances exhibit a root mean square error of approximately 190 W m^(−2)μm^(−1) compared with those of the Bird and Riordan spectral model,and approximately 50 W m^(−2) compared with the results from the Bird and Hulstrom temporal model,and are also comparable to the results of previous studies.展开更多
Objective:Lanqin oral liquid(LOL),as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription,has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation.Exploring the distribution of LOL prototype components and met...Objective:Lanqin oral liquid(LOL),as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription,has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation.Exploring the distribution of LOL prototype components and metabolites in plasma is of great significance for understanding potentially effective compounds.The aim of this study is to elucidate the metabolites and main metabolic pathways of LQL in vivo.Methods:In this study,a reliable approach integrated background subtraction and mass defect filtering(MDF),based on quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(QTOF-MS)technology,was performed to systematically scan the metabolites of LOL in rat plasma.In addition,according to the prototype mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and combined with metabolic pathway analysis,a biotransformation oriented analysis strategy was established and applied to the identification of metabolites in LOL in vivo.Results:As a result,159 compounds(58 prototypes and 101 metabolites)were identified or tentatively characterized in drug-containing plasma,including 74 flavonoids,30 alkaloids,34 terpenoids,five phenylpropanoids,six phenolic acids,five fatty acids,and five other type components.The main metabolic pathways include methylation,demethylation,hydroxylation,hydrogenation,glucuronidation,and sulfation.Conclusions:This study provides an overall characterization of the metabolites of LOL in vivo for the first time,providing a solid material basis for exploring the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of LOL.展开更多
Black wings of butterfly Ornithoptera goliath and infrared-band radiative cooling function of Rapala dioetas butterfly wings are associated with black pigment(e.g.,melanin)and unique hierarchical micro/nanostructures,...Black wings of butterfly Ornithoptera goliath and infrared-band radiative cooling function of Rapala dioetas butterfly wings are associated with black pigment(e.g.,melanin)and unique hierarchical micro/nanostructures,greatly stimulating biomimetic fabrication of functional photonic structures but mainly targeted to one prototype.Targeted at two-prototype integrated biomimetic fabrication from fully compositional/structural/functional aspects,femtosecond(fs)laser subtractive/additive-integrated hierarchical micro/nano-manufacturing technique is proposed in this work.This technique can one-step transfer refractory metals(e.g.,W,Mo,Nb,Ta)into black non-stoichiometric oxide nanomaterials with abundant oxygen vacancies and simultaneously enable the realization of in situ quasi-controllable micro/nanoscale hierarchical aggregation and assembly,all displaying black color but with tunable infrared emission.Adjusting the scan interval for biomimetic manufacturing can tailor the structural oxidation degree,the emission in the long-wave infrared(LWIR)band while keeping the blackness of hierarchical aggregates,and the confined height between the covering quartz plate and the ablated sample.The blackening efficiency of this technique can reach∼11.25 cm^(2)·min^(−1),opening opportunities for high-throughput optical/thermal applications.Selectively patterned Chinese characters,Arabic numbers,and English letters are easily fabricable,which are intrinsically invisible-infrared dual-band encrypted but decryptable via static/dynamic environment stimuli(e.g.,sample heating/cooling,introducing external hot/cold sources including human hands).The self-evolution from‘orderless’structuring to‘ordered’functionalization is validated for the proposed fs laser subtractive/additive-integrated biomimetic manufacturing,specifically from the synthesis of diverse black nanomaterials and the seemingly disordered micro/nano-aggregates to the ordered optical/thermal regulation capacities for a delicate modulation of information encryption and decryption,unveiling a new concept for future exploration and extension.展开更多
Moving object detection is one of the challenging problems in video monitoring systems, especially when the illumination changes and shadow exists. Amethod for real-time moving object detection is described. Anew back...Moving object detection is one of the challenging problems in video monitoring systems, especially when the illumination changes and shadow exists. Amethod for real-time moving object detection is described. Anew background model is proposed to handle the illumination varition problem. With optical flow technology and background subtraction, a moving object is extracted quickly and accurately. An effective shadow elimination algorithm based on color features is used to refine the moving obj ects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can update the background exactly and quickly along with the varition of illumination, and the shadow can be eliminated effectively. The proposed algorithm is a real-time one which the foundation for further object recognition and understanding of video mum＇toting systems.展开更多
AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of biphasic multi-detector row helical computed tomography (MDCT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA)and Lipiodol computed tomography (CT) in de...AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of biphasic multi-detector row helical computed tomography (MDCT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA)and Lipiodol computed tomography (CT) in detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with nodular HCC underwent biphasic MDCT examination: hepatic arterial phase (HAP) 25 s and portal venous phase (PVP) 70 s after injection of the contrast medium (1.5 mL/kg). They also underwent hepatic angiography and intra-arterial infusion of iodized oil. Lipiodol CT was performed 3-4 wk after infusion. MDCT images were compared with DSA and Lipiodol CT images for detection of hepatic nodules.RESULTS: The three imaging techniques had the same sensitivity in detecting nodules ＞20 mm in diameter. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity among HAP-MDCT, Lipiodol CT and DSA for nodules of 10-20 mm in diameter. For the nodules ＜10 mm in diameter, HAP-MDCT identified 47, Lipiodol CT detected 27 (X2= 11.3, P= 0.005＜0.01, HAP-MDCT vs Lipiodol CT) and DSA detected 16(X2= 9.09, P= 0.005＜0.01 vs Lipiodol CT and X2= 29.03,P = 0.005＜0.01 vs HAP-MDCT). However, six nodules ＜10 mm in diameter were detected only by Lipiodol CT.CONCLUSION: MDCT and Lipiodol CT are two complementary modalities. At present, MDCT does not obviate the need for DSA and subsequent Lipiodol CT as a preoperative examination for HCC.展开更多
The Lt-norm method is one of the widely used matching filters for adaptive multiple subtraction. When the primaries and multiples are mixed together, the L1-norm method might damage the primaries, leading to poor late...The Lt-norm method is one of the widely used matching filters for adaptive multiple subtraction. When the primaries and multiples are mixed together, the L1-norm method might damage the primaries, leading to poor lateral continuity. In this paper, we propose a constrained L1-norm method for adaptive multiple subtraction by introducing the lateral continuity constraint for the estimated primaries. We measure the lateral continuity using prediction-error filters （PEF）. We illustrate our method with the synthetic Pluto dataset. The results show that the constrained L1-norm method can simultaneously attenuate the multiples and preserve the primaries.展开更多
AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of interventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for bleeding small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
For about 50 years, angiography represented the only imaging method for studying carotid arteries in order to detect the presence of pathological stenosis due to atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, thanks to the use of ...For about 50 years, angiography represented the only imaging method for studying carotid arteries in order to detect the presence of pathological stenosis due to atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, thanks to the use of non-invasive methods, physicians are able to study and quantify the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in vivo These procedures have enabled the introduction of new concepts: (1) the degree of carotid stenosis is approxi- mate to the volume and extension of carotid plaque; and (2) a set of parameters, easily identifiable by com- puted tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiogram and ultra-sound echo-color Doppler, are closely linked to the development of ischemic symptoms and can significantly increase the risk of stroke regard- less of the degree of stenosis. In light of these findings vulnerable plaques should be identified early, and the role of Digital Subtraction Angiography which is a purely technical luminal technique should be determined.展开更多
For intelligent transportation surveillance, a novel background model based on Mart wavelet kernel and a background subtraction technique based on binary discrete wavelet transforms were introduced. The background mod...For intelligent transportation surveillance, a novel background model based on Mart wavelet kernel and a background subtraction technique based on binary discrete wavelet transforms were introduced. The background model kept a sample of intensity values for each pixel in the image and used this sample to estimate the probability density function of the pixel intensity. The density function was estimated using a new Marr wavelet kernel density estimation technique. Since this approach was quite general, the model could approximate any distribution for the pixel intensity without any assumptions about the underlying distribution shape. The background and current frame were transformed in the binary discrete wavelet domain, and background subtraction was performed in each sub-band. After obtaining the foreground, shadow was eliminated by an edge detection method. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces good results with much lower computational complexity and effectively extracts the moving objects with accuracy ratio higher than 90%, indicating that the proposed method is an effective algorithm for intelligent transportation system.展开更多
The filter operator used in normal multichannel matching filter is physically realizable.This filter operator only delays seismic data in the filtering process.A noncausal multichannel matching filter based on a least...The filter operator used in normal multichannel matching filter is physically realizable.This filter operator only delays seismic data in the filtering process.A noncausal multichannel matching filter based on a least squares criterion is proposed to resolve the problem in which predicted multiple model data is Iater than real data.The diferences between causal and noncausal multichannel matching filters are compared using a synthetic shot gather,which demonstrates the validity of the noncausal matching filter.In addition,a variable length sliding window which changes with ofset and layer velocity is proposed to solve the count of events increasing with increasing ofset in a fixed Iength sliding window.This variable length sliding window is also introduced into the modified and expanded multichannel matching filter.This method is applied to the Pluto1.5 synthetic data set.The benefits of the non.causal filter operator and variable length sliding window are demonstrated bv the good multiple attenuation result.展开更多
Objective: To assess the blood flow of the proper digital artery using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the early stage after replantation. Methods: From January 2006 to October 2010, 27 anastomosed arteries i...Objective: To assess the blood flow of the proper digital artery using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the early stage after replantation. Methods: From January 2006 to October 2010, 27 anastomosed arteries in 27 replanted digits were included in the study. The patients included nine males and four females. The patients received DSA at 48 to 96 h after digital replantation. Based on DSA image, the blood flow was classified into normal, slow-running, and flow-stopping types. The patients with normal digital blood flow were given continuous routine treatments; the patients with slow-running flow were given the conservative treatments, such as release of the tight dressings, removal of stitches, keeping warm, the use of massage, and the use of anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs; the patients with flow-stopping received immediate surgical re-exploration. Results: In this series, 23 digits in 11 patients showed a normal blood flow, and these digits all survived. In one of 13 patients, two digits which displayed slow-running flow also survived after conservative treatments. In two of 13 patients, two digits showed flow stopping, with one surviving and one failing after re-exploration and arterial revision. Conclusions: The DSA can be used to assess the blood flow of the proper digital artery in the early stage after replantation. It provides essential information for salvaging the replanted finger.展开更多
基金Jinshan Science and Technology Committee(the data collection for this study was partially funded by the project),No.2021-3-05.
文摘BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a pivotal intervention for managing esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with chronic hepatic schistosomiasis.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of digital subtraction angiography image overlay tech-nology(DIT)in guiding the TIPS procedure.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent TIPS at our hospital,comparing outcomes between an ultrasound-guided group and a DIT-guided group.Our analysis focused on the duration of the portosystemic shunt puncture,the number of punctures needed,the total surgical time,and various clinical indicators related to the surgery.RESULTS The study included 52 patients with esophagogastric varices due to chronic hepatic schistosomiasis.Results demonstrated that the DIT-guided group expe-rienced significantly shorter puncture times(P<0.001)and surgical durations(P=0.022)compared to the ultrasound-guided group.Additionally,postoperative assessments showed significant reductions in aspartate aminotransferase,B-type natriuretic peptide,and portal vein pressure in both groups.Notably,the DIT-guided group also showed significant reductions in total bilirubin(P=0.001)and alanine aminotransferase(P=0.023).CONCLUSION The use of DIT for guiding TIPS procedures highlights its potential to enhance procedural efficiency and reduce surgical times in the treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with chronic hepatic schistoso-miasis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42364008,41804110)in part by Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(ZK[2022]060)+1 种基金in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723127)in part by Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department(2022KJ141).
文摘The deep convolutional neural network U-net has been introduced into adaptive subtraction, which is a critical step in effectively suppressing seismic multiples. The U-net approach has higher precision than the traditional linear regression approach. However, the existing 2D U-net approach with 2D data windows can not deal with elaborate discrepancies between the actual and simulated multiples along the gather direction. It may lead to erroneous preservation of primaries or generate obvious vestigial multiples, especially in complex media. To further enhance the multiple suppression accuracy, we present an adaptive subtraction approach utilizing 3D U-net architecture, which can adaptively separate primaries and multiples utilizing 3D windows. The utilization of 3D windows allows for enhanced depiction of spatial continuity and anisotropy of seismic events along the gather direction in comparison to 2D windows. The 3D U-net approach with 3D windows can more effectively preserve the continuity of primaries and manage the complex disparities between the actual and simulated multiples. The proposed 3D U-net approach exhibits 1 dB improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to the 2D U-net approach, as observed in the synthesis data section, and exhibits more outstanding performance in the preservation of primaries and removal of residual multiples in both synthesis and reality data sections. Moreover, to expedite network training in our proposed 3D U-net approach we employ the transfer learning (TL) strategy by utilizing the network parameters of 3D U-net estimated in the preceding data segment as the initial network parameters of 3D U-net for the subsequent data segment. In the reality data section, the 3D U-net approach incorporating TL reduces the computational expense by 70% compared to the one without TL.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32241023 and 92254306)the Fund from the Tsinghua–Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure。
文摘Reconstituting membrane proteins in liposomes and determining their structure is a common method for determining membrane protein structures using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM).However,the strong signal of liposomes under cryo-EM imaging conditions often interferes with the structural determination of the embedded membrane proteins.Here,we propose a liposome signal subtraction method based on single-particle two-dimensional(2D)classification average images,aimed at enhancing the reconstruction resolution of membrane proteins.We analyzed the signal distribution characteristics of liposomes and proteins within the 2D classification average images of protein–liposome complexes in the frequency domain.Based on this analysis,we designed a method to subtract the liposome signals from the original particle images.After the subtraction,the accuracy of single-particle three-dimensional(3D)alignment was improved,enhancing the resolution of the final 3D reconstruction.We demonstrated this method using a PIEZO1-proteoliposome dataset by improving the resolution of the PIEZO1 protein.
文摘BACKGROUND There are very few cases of cardiac occluder detachment,and it is rare to completely remove the occluder using interventional methods without undergoing thoracotomy surgery after detachment.This case innovatively used ultrasound guidance combined with digital subtraction angiography(DSA)to completely remove the occluder,accumulating some experience.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left atrial appendage occlusion surgery in our hospital due to atrial fibrillation.After the surgery,the occluder fell off and became free in the left ventricle,which is very dangerous.We innovatively used ultrasound guidance,combined with DSA,and interventional surgery to successfully capture the free occluder using a catcher,completely remove it,and then re implant a new left atrial appendage occluder.After the surgery,the patient recovered very well.CONCLUSION The size selection of the occluder is slightly conservative,and the shape of the left atrial appendage opening is irregular.
文摘Are all prime numbers linked by four simple functions? Can we predict when a prime will appear in a sequence of primes? If we classify primes into two groups, Group 1 for all primes that appear before ζ (such that , for instance 5, ), an even number divisible by 3 and 2, and Group 2 for all primes that are after ζ (such that , for instance 7), then we find a simple function: for each prime in each group, , where n is any natural number. If we start a sequence of primes with 5 for Group 1 and 7 for Group 2, we can attribute a μ value for each prime. The μ value can be attributed to every prime greater than 7. Thus for Group 1, and . Using this formula, all the primes appear for , where μ is any natural number.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2308085US13,2208085US03National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U2243228+1 种基金the Belt and Road Special Foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Grant/Award Number:2022nkms04The Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project,Grant/Award Number:23YJCZH332。
文摘Drought risk assessment plays a crucial role in effective drought management.However,it is often challenging due to the intricate relationships among various indicators and the lack of practical guidance.This study presents a drought risk assessment model developed using the Semi-partial Quadratic Subtraction Set Pair Potential(SQSSPP)method,which is derived from the theory of set pair analysis.The indicator system comprises 21 indicators divided into four subsystems.The SQSSPP method utilizes uncertainty information in the overall development trend of regional drought risk states by extracting connection numbers from the Sub-traction Set Pair Potential(SSPP),improving the reliability of evaluation results.The SQSSPP method is validated through a case study of Suzhou City,China,from 2007 to 2017.Three grades are used to evaluate comprehensive drought risk.The result shows an overall decreasing trend over time,with a level III risk in 2010 and consistently at level II from 2011 to 2017.Indicators in the hazard and resilience subsystems are the primary factors influencing drought risk in the Suzhou City.Specific indicators requiring emphasis for improvement are identified,including arable land rate,agricultural population ratio,reservoir regulation rate,current water supply capacity,and irrigation index.The SQSSPP method not only provides targeted drought risk assessment but also provides valuable guidance for future water resource management.While the study focuses on Suzhou City,the proposed approach is applicable to broader-scale risk management evaluations and practices.
文摘Despite advancements in neuroimaging,false positive diagnoses of intracranial aneurysms remain a significant concern.This article examines the causes,prevalence,and implications of such false-positive diagnoses.We discuss how conditions like arterial occlusion with vascular stump formation and infundibular widening can mimic aneurysms,particularly in the anterior circulation.The article compares various imaging modalities,including computer tomography angiogram,magnetic resonance imaging/angiography,and digital subtraction angiogram,highlighting their strengths and limitations.We emphasize the im-portance of accurate differentiation to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.The potential of emerging technologies,such as high-resolution vessel wall ima-ging and deep neural networks for automated detection,is explored as promising avenues for improving diagnostic accuracy.This manuscript underscores the need for continued research and clinical vigilance in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.
基金supported by the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(Project No.202510559076)at Jinan University,a nationwide initiative administered by the Ministry of Educationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.62172189.
文摘Persistent flows are defined as network flows that persist over multiple time intervals and continue to exhibit activity over extended periods,which are critical for identifying long-term behaviors and subtle security threats.Programmable switches provide line-rate packet processing to meet the requirements of high-speed network environments,yet they are fundamentally limited in computational and memory resources.Accurate and memoryefficient persistent flow detection on programmable switches is therefore essential.However,existing approaches often rely on fixed-window sketches or multiple sketches instances,which either suffer from insufficient temporal precision or incur substantial memory overhead,making them ineffective on programmable switches.To address these challenges,we propose SP-Sketch,an innovative sliding-window-based sketch that leverages a probabilistic update mechanism to emulate slot expiration without maintaining multiple sketch instances.This innovative design significantly reduces memory consumption while preserving high detection accuracy across multiple time intervals.We provide rigorous theoretical analyses of the estimation errors,deriving precise error bounds for the proposed method,and validate our approach through comprehensive implementations on both P4 hardware switches(with Intel Tofino ASIC)and software switches(i.e.,BMv2).Experimental evaluations using real-world traffic traces demonstrate that SP-Sketch outperforms traditional methods,improving accuracy by up to 20%over baseline sliding window approaches and enhancing recall by 5%compared to non-sliding alternatives.Furthermore,SP-Sketch achieves a significant reduction in memory utilization,reducing memory consumption by up to 65%compared to traditional methods,while maintaining a robust capability to accurately track persistent flow behavior over extended time periods.
基金supported by the STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0211900,2022ZD0211902)STI 2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0204500,2021ZD0204503)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171461)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3208303)。
文摘Advancements in animal behavior quantification methods have driven the development of computational ethology,enabling fully automated behavior analysis.Existing multianimal pose estimation workflows rely on tracking-bydetection frameworks for either bottom-up or top-down approaches,requiring retraining to accommodate diverse animal appearances.This study introduces InteBOMB,an integrated workflow that enhances top-down approaches by incorporating generic object tracking,eliminating the need for prior knowledge of target animals while maintaining broad generalizability.InteBOMB includes two key strategies for tracking and segmentation in laboratory environments and two techniques for pose estimation in natural settings.The“background enhancement”strategy optimizesforeground-backgroundcontrastiveloss,generating more discriminative correlation maps.The“online proofreading”strategy stores human-in-the-loop long-term memory and dynamic short-term memory,enabling adaptive updates to object visual features.The“automated labeling suggestion”technique reuses the visual features saved during tracking to identify representative frames for training set labeling.Additionally,the“joint behavior analysis”technique integrates these features with multimodal data,expanding the latent space for behavior classification and clustering.To evaluate the framework,six datasets of mice and six datasets of nonhuman primates were compiled,covering laboratory and natural scenes.Benchmarking results demonstrated a24%improvement in zero-shot generic tracking and a 21%enhancement in joint latent space performance across datasets,highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in robust,generalizable behavior analysis.
基金supported by the Earth Observation Research Department,Centre des Techniques Spatiales(CTS),Algerian Space Agency(ASAL)。
文摘Exploiting remote sensing data is a promising approach to estimate surface solar irradiance(SSI).In this study,we propose a method to estimate global SSI using a lookup table and Landsat data.Despite the low temporal resolution of the data used,the developed method produces SSI maps with adequate spatial resolution.It combines physical parameters extracted from Landsat metadata files with the physical laws governing global solar irradiance,its transmission through the atmosphere,and surface reflectance.The results obtained are compared with those in the literature,particularly one study that uses Meteosat data and two others that use radiometric spectral and temporal models.Additionally,experiments are conducted at three sites in Algeria:Oran,In Amenas,and Tamenghasset.The findings indicate that the proposed approach aligns with the tested literature methods while providing SSI maps with superior spatial resolution.Furthermore,the obtained solar irradiances exhibit a root mean square error of approximately 190 W m^(−2)μm^(−1) compared with those of the Bird and Riordan spectral model,and approximately 50 W m^(−2) compared with the results from the Bird and Hulstrom temporal model,and are also comparable to the results of previous studies.
文摘Objective:Lanqin oral liquid(LOL),as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription,has obvious clinical efficacy in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation.Exploring the distribution of LOL prototype components and metabolites in plasma is of great significance for understanding potentially effective compounds.The aim of this study is to elucidate the metabolites and main metabolic pathways of LQL in vivo.Methods:In this study,a reliable approach integrated background subtraction and mass defect filtering(MDF),based on quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(QTOF-MS)technology,was performed to systematically scan the metabolites of LOL in rat plasma.In addition,according to the prototype mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and combined with metabolic pathway analysis,a biotransformation oriented analysis strategy was established and applied to the identification of metabolites in LOL in vivo.Results:As a result,159 compounds(58 prototypes and 101 metabolites)were identified or tentatively characterized in drug-containing plasma,including 74 flavonoids,30 alkaloids,34 terpenoids,five phenylpropanoids,six phenolic acids,five fatty acids,and five other type components.The main metabolic pathways include methylation,demethylation,hydroxylation,hydrogenation,glucuronidation,and sulfation.Conclusions:This study provides an overall characterization of the metabolites of LOL in vivo for the first time,providing a solid material basis for exploring the therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of LOL.
基金financially supported by Shanghai Pujiang Program 23PJ1406500.
文摘Black wings of butterfly Ornithoptera goliath and infrared-band radiative cooling function of Rapala dioetas butterfly wings are associated with black pigment(e.g.,melanin)and unique hierarchical micro/nanostructures,greatly stimulating biomimetic fabrication of functional photonic structures but mainly targeted to one prototype.Targeted at two-prototype integrated biomimetic fabrication from fully compositional/structural/functional aspects,femtosecond(fs)laser subtractive/additive-integrated hierarchical micro/nano-manufacturing technique is proposed in this work.This technique can one-step transfer refractory metals(e.g.,W,Mo,Nb,Ta)into black non-stoichiometric oxide nanomaterials with abundant oxygen vacancies and simultaneously enable the realization of in situ quasi-controllable micro/nanoscale hierarchical aggregation and assembly,all displaying black color but with tunable infrared emission.Adjusting the scan interval for biomimetic manufacturing can tailor the structural oxidation degree,the emission in the long-wave infrared(LWIR)band while keeping the blackness of hierarchical aggregates,and the confined height between the covering quartz plate and the ablated sample.The blackening efficiency of this technique can reach∼11.25 cm^(2)·min^(−1),opening opportunities for high-throughput optical/thermal applications.Selectively patterned Chinese characters,Arabic numbers,and English letters are easily fabricable,which are intrinsically invisible-infrared dual-band encrypted but decryptable via static/dynamic environment stimuli(e.g.,sample heating/cooling,introducing external hot/cold sources including human hands).The self-evolution from‘orderless’structuring to‘ordered’functionalization is validated for the proposed fs laser subtractive/additive-integrated biomimetic manufacturing,specifically from the synthesis of diverse black nanomaterials and the seemingly disordered micro/nano-aggregates to the ordered optical/thermal regulation capacities for a delicate modulation of information encryption and decryption,unveiling a new concept for future exploration and extension.
基金This project was supported by the foundation of the Visual and Auditory Information Processing Laboratory of BeijingUniversity of China (0306) and the National Science Foundation of China (60374031).
文摘Moving object detection is one of the challenging problems in video monitoring systems, especially when the illumination changes and shadow exists. Amethod for real-time moving object detection is described. Anew background model is proposed to handle the illumination varition problem. With optical flow technology and background subtraction, a moving object is extracted quickly and accurately. An effective shadow elimination algorithm based on color features is used to refine the moving obj ects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can update the background exactly and quickly along with the varition of illumination, and the shadow can be eliminated effectively. The proposed algorithm is a real-time one which the foundation for further object recognition and understanding of video mum＇toting systems.
基金Supported by the Medical Science Research Fund of Sichuan Province,No. 200054
文摘AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of biphasic multi-detector row helical computed tomography (MDCT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA)and Lipiodol computed tomography (CT) in detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with nodular HCC underwent biphasic MDCT examination: hepatic arterial phase (HAP) 25 s and portal venous phase (PVP) 70 s after injection of the contrast medium (1.5 mL/kg). They also underwent hepatic angiography and intra-arterial infusion of iodized oil. Lipiodol CT was performed 3-4 wk after infusion. MDCT images were compared with DSA and Lipiodol CT images for detection of hepatic nodules.RESULTS: The three imaging techniques had the same sensitivity in detecting nodules ＞20 mm in diameter. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity among HAP-MDCT, Lipiodol CT and DSA for nodules of 10-20 mm in diameter. For the nodules ＜10 mm in diameter, HAP-MDCT identified 47, Lipiodol CT detected 27 (X2= 11.3, P= 0.005＜0.01, HAP-MDCT vs Lipiodol CT) and DSA detected 16(X2= 9.09, P= 0.005＜0.01 vs Lipiodol CT and X2= 29.03,P = 0.005＜0.01 vs HAP-MDCT). However, six nodules ＜10 mm in diameter were detected only by Lipiodol CT.CONCLUSION: MDCT and Lipiodol CT are two complementary modalities. At present, MDCT does not obviate the need for DSA and subsequent Lipiodol CT as a preoperative examination for HCC.
基金This work is sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 40874056）, Important National Science ＆ Technology Specific Projects 2008ZX05023-005-004, and the NCET Fund.Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Liu Yang, and Zhu Sheng-wang for their constructive remarks on this manuscript.
文摘The Lt-norm method is one of the widely used matching filters for adaptive multiple subtraction. When the primaries and multiples are mixed together, the L1-norm method might damage the primaries, leading to poor lateral continuity. In this paper, we propose a constrained L1-norm method for adaptive multiple subtraction by introducing the lateral continuity constraint for the estimated primaries. We measure the lateral continuity using prediction-error filters （PEF）. We illustrate our method with the synthetic Pluto dataset. The results show that the constrained L1-norm method can simultaneously attenuate the multiples and preserve the primaries.
文摘AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of interventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for bleeding small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).
文摘For about 50 years, angiography represented the only imaging method for studying carotid arteries in order to detect the presence of pathological stenosis due to atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, thanks to the use of non-invasive methods, physicians are able to study and quantify the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in vivo These procedures have enabled the introduction of new concepts: (1) the degree of carotid stenosis is approxi- mate to the volume and extension of carotid plaque; and (2) a set of parameters, easily identifiable by com- puted tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiogram and ultra-sound echo-color Doppler, are closely linked to the development of ischemic symptoms and can significantly increase the risk of stroke regard- less of the degree of stenosis. In light of these findings vulnerable plaques should be identified early, and the role of Digital Subtraction Angiography which is a purely technical luminal technique should be determined.
基金Project(60772080) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(3240120) supported by Tianjin Subway Safety System, Honeywell Limited, China
文摘For intelligent transportation surveillance, a novel background model based on Mart wavelet kernel and a background subtraction technique based on binary discrete wavelet transforms were introduced. The background model kept a sample of intensity values for each pixel in the image and used this sample to estimate the probability density function of the pixel intensity. The density function was estimated using a new Marr wavelet kernel density estimation technique. Since this approach was quite general, the model could approximate any distribution for the pixel intensity without any assumptions about the underlying distribution shape. The background and current frame were transformed in the binary discrete wavelet domain, and background subtraction was performed in each sub-band. After obtaining the foreground, shadow was eliminated by an edge detection method. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces good results with much lower computational complexity and effectively extracts the moving objects with accuracy ratio higher than 90%, indicating that the proposed method is an effective algorithm for intelligent transportation system.
基金supported by the National 863 Program (Grant No. 2006AA09A102-09)the National 973 Program (GrantNo. 2007CB209606)
文摘The filter operator used in normal multichannel matching filter is physically realizable.This filter operator only delays seismic data in the filtering process.A noncausal multichannel matching filter based on a least squares criterion is proposed to resolve the problem in which predicted multiple model data is Iater than real data.The diferences between causal and noncausal multichannel matching filters are compared using a synthetic shot gather,which demonstrates the validity of the noncausal matching filter.In addition,a variable length sliding window which changes with ofset and layer velocity is proposed to solve the count of events increasing with increasing ofset in a fixed Iength sliding window.This variable length sliding window is also introduced into the modified and expanded multichannel matching filter.This method is applied to the Pluto1.5 synthetic data set.The benefits of the non.causal filter operator and variable length sliding window are demonstrated bv the good multiple attenuation result.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Health Department Foundation (No. 2009A088), China
文摘Objective: To assess the blood flow of the proper digital artery using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the early stage after replantation. Methods: From January 2006 to October 2010, 27 anastomosed arteries in 27 replanted digits were included in the study. The patients included nine males and four females. The patients received DSA at 48 to 96 h after digital replantation. Based on DSA image, the blood flow was classified into normal, slow-running, and flow-stopping types. The patients with normal digital blood flow were given continuous routine treatments; the patients with slow-running flow were given the conservative treatments, such as release of the tight dressings, removal of stitches, keeping warm, the use of massage, and the use of anticoagulants and anti-inflammatory drugs; the patients with flow-stopping received immediate surgical re-exploration. Results: In this series, 23 digits in 11 patients showed a normal blood flow, and these digits all survived. In one of 13 patients, two digits which displayed slow-running flow also survived after conservative treatments. In two of 13 patients, two digits showed flow stopping, with one surviving and one failing after re-exploration and arterial revision. Conclusions: The DSA can be used to assess the blood flow of the proper digital artery in the early stage after replantation. It provides essential information for salvaging the replanted finger.
