The simultaneous accumulation of photo-holes and the specific activation of substrates present a significant challenge in photo-oxidation.Herein,we propose a dual-channel collaborative catalytic platform based on holl...The simultaneous accumulation of photo-holes and the specific activation of substrates present a significant challenge in photo-oxidation.Herein,we propose a dual-channel collaborative catalytic platform based on hollow TiO_(2) microspheres,using Cu single-atom(SA)catalysts and a composite polymer chain,to create separating pathways for unidirectional photogenerated electron/hole extraction.Ferrocene-functionalized graphene quantum dots are incorporated within the polymer chain for driving benzylamine(BA)oxidation.Quasi in situ transient photovoltage and femtosecond transient absorption tests reveal that leveraging the ultrafast charge separation capability of Cu SAs(0.44 ps)not only accelerates hole transport kinetics but also induces requisite Lewis acidity for the adsorption and activation of BA.In an air atmosphere,the rate of imine production reaches 4.81 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1)(selectivity of 98%).This study demonstrates the rational design of an SA/polymer chain dual-driven catalytic platform for optimizing kinetics and precisely controlling photocatalytic transformations in organic chemistry.展开更多
A complex substrate consisting of fly ash, coal gangue and excess sludge was used as an experimental soil in pot culture experiments. Different soil compositions were tested by observing the growth of arbuscular mycor...A complex substrate consisting of fly ash, coal gangue and excess sludge was used as an experimental soil in pot culture experiments. Different soil compositions were tested by observing the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi inoculated white clover, rye grass or com. The biomass of the host plants, the mycorrhizal colonization （MC） rate and the mycorrhizal depen- dency （MD） were measured. The research addresses the preferable AMF-plant-substrate combination appropriate for restoration of coal mines. We used two inoculation methods： single-inoculation with Glomus versiforme or Glomus mosseae and a dual inocula- tion with both Ctv and Gm. The results show that G^m is the preferable fungi and that dual inoculation does not show advantages for the restoration of coal mines. White clover inoculated with AM fungi is the most suitable condition for restoration of coal mines. The best weight ratio of fly ash, coal gangue and excess sludge was found to be 20：60：20. The optimum treatment conditions of AMF-plant-activated-substrate are described.展开更多
In this paper,we report the study of surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of C_(60)films on roughed Ag,Cu and glass surface.The experiment results indicate that the C_(60)films on Ag substrate possess large enhance effec...In this paper,we report the study of surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of C_(60)films on roughed Ag,Cu and glass surface.The experiment results indicate that the C_(60)films on Ag substrate possess large enhance effect.An explanation of the enhancement with roughed glass surface is proposed based on waveguide Raman Scattering.展开更多
Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental ...Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Changping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included： a non-amended control（CK）, a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment（NPK）; a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment（NPKM）, and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment（NPKS）. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） of the 16 S r RNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term（NPKM, NPKS） significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only（NPK）, and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness（S） and structural diversity（H）. Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities（average well color development, AWCD） and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices（H＇ and E） indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated（NPKM, NPKS） could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis（PCA） based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis（RDA） indicated that soil organic carbon（SOC） availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon（Cmic） and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China＇s soil resource.展开更多
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22172057).
文摘The simultaneous accumulation of photo-holes and the specific activation of substrates present a significant challenge in photo-oxidation.Herein,we propose a dual-channel collaborative catalytic platform based on hollow TiO_(2) microspheres,using Cu single-atom(SA)catalysts and a composite polymer chain,to create separating pathways for unidirectional photogenerated electron/hole extraction.Ferrocene-functionalized graphene quantum dots are incorporated within the polymer chain for driving benzylamine(BA)oxidation.Quasi in situ transient photovoltage and femtosecond transient absorption tests reveal that leveraging the ultrafast charge separation capability of Cu SAs(0.44 ps)not only accelerates hole transport kinetics but also induces requisite Lewis acidity for the adsorption and activation of BA.In an air atmosphere,the rate of imine production reaches 4.81 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1)(selectivity of 98%).This study demonstrates the rational design of an SA/polymer chain dual-driven catalytic platform for optimizing kinetics and precisely controlling photocatalytic transformations in organic chemistry.
基金Project 2007024 supported by the Environmental Science and Technology Fund of the Environmental Protection Department of Jiangsu Province
文摘A complex substrate consisting of fly ash, coal gangue and excess sludge was used as an experimental soil in pot culture experiments. Different soil compositions were tested by observing the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi inoculated white clover, rye grass or com. The biomass of the host plants, the mycorrhizal colonization （MC） rate and the mycorrhizal depen- dency （MD） were measured. The research addresses the preferable AMF-plant-substrate combination appropriate for restoration of coal mines. We used two inoculation methods： single-inoculation with Glomus versiforme or Glomus mosseae and a dual inocula- tion with both Ctv and Gm. The results show that G^m is the preferable fungi and that dual inoculation does not show advantages for the restoration of coal mines. White clover inoculated with AM fungi is the most suitable condition for restoration of coal mines. The best weight ratio of fly ash, coal gangue and excess sludge was found to be 20：60：20. The optimum treatment conditions of AMF-plant-activated-substrate are described.
文摘In this paper,we report the study of surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of C_(60)films on roughed Ag,Cu and glass surface.The experiment results indicate that the C_(60)films on Ag substrate possess large enhance effect.An explanation of the enhancement with roughed glass surface is proposed based on waveguide Raman Scattering.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31301843)the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(IARRP-202-5)
文摘Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Changping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included： a non-amended control（CK）, a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment（NPK）; a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment（NPKM）, and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment（NPKS）. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） of the 16 S r RNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term（NPKM, NPKS） significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only（NPK）, and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness（S） and structural diversity（H）. Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities（average well color development, AWCD） and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices（H＇ and E） indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated（NPKM, NPKS） could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis（PCA） based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis（RDA） indicated that soil organic carbon（SOC） availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon（Cmic） and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China＇s soil resource.
