Arsenic(As)contamination in the groundwater is a global issue,and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described,especially in Asian countries.Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country,wit...Arsenic(As)contamination in the groundwater is a global issue,and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described,especially in Asian countries.Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country,with an annual groundwater resource potential of 495 km3.A higher amount of As contamination(>50μm)has been reported in the Ayeyarwady region.Together with As,other toxic metals and substances,such as F,Fe,Mn,and saline water intrusions have been observed to contaminate groundwater in Myanmar.Evidence and verification of health-related assessment problems still need to be carried out.The most widely used As-removal technique in Myanmar is the gravel–sand filter method.Many drinking water tube wells and dug wells in Myanmar have been tested for As contamination,but As-removal methods need improvement.No law for the regulation and management of groundwater resources has yet been implemented in the country;thus,the groundwater abstraction process is disorganized.Here,we review the assessment of the As contamination process in Myanmar,their source,and their sustainability.A protection,security,and management of groundwater in Myanmar can be sustainably improved by increasing awareness with the help of non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and international sources.展开更多
基金the Korea Ministry of Environment through the strategic EcoSSSoil Project(grant numbers 2019002820004)the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(grant numbers 2019R1I1A2A01057002 and 2019R1A6A1A03033167).
文摘Arsenic(As)contamination in the groundwater is a global issue,and its adverse effects on human life and the environment have been widely described,especially in Asian countries.Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country,with an annual groundwater resource potential of 495 km3.A higher amount of As contamination(>50μm)has been reported in the Ayeyarwady region.Together with As,other toxic metals and substances,such as F,Fe,Mn,and saline water intrusions have been observed to contaminate groundwater in Myanmar.Evidence and verification of health-related assessment problems still need to be carried out.The most widely used As-removal technique in Myanmar is the gravel–sand filter method.Many drinking water tube wells and dug wells in Myanmar have been tested for As contamination,but As-removal methods need improvement.No law for the regulation and management of groundwater resources has yet been implemented in the country;thus,the groundwater abstraction process is disorganized.Here,we review the assessment of the As contamination process in Myanmar,their source,and their sustainability.A protection,security,and management of groundwater in Myanmar can be sustainably improved by increasing awareness with the help of non-governmental organizations(NGOs)and international sources.
