Purpose:Our institution developed the subspecialized medical team(SMT)mode in radiology reporting workflows in July 2022 to strengthen profes-sionalism in radiology residency training.This study aimed to investigate w...Purpose:Our institution developed the subspecialized medical team(SMT)mode in radiology reporting workflows in July 2022 to strengthen profes-sionalism in radiology residency training.This study aimed to investigate whether adopting the SMT mode facilitated radiology resident training.Method:This observational study was conducted in October 2022.An online questionnaire was distributed among first-to third-year radiology residents to determine their levels of perceived stress,anxiety,competency in image interpretation,and learning effectiveness in using the SMT mode and other approaches.Responses were on 4 or 5 point Likert scales,and multiple-choice responses were used for semi-open questions.The turnaround time for radi-ology reports was measured for both residents and senior radiologists.Sta-tistical significance(p<0.05)was determined using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests,one-way analysis of variance,pairwise t-tests,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results:In total,71 residents completed the questionnaire survey.The turnaround times for radiology reports were collected for these residents and 23 senior radiologists.Residents'stress and anxiety scores,perceived levels of competency in image interpretation,and time spent writing reports were significantly increased in the SMT mode.In contrast,the time senior radiol-ogists spent reviewing a single report was decreased for the majority of report types after 1 year of implementing the SMT mode.Conclusion:These findings suggest adopting the SMT mode could facilitate the training of radiology residents.However,residents'mental health and well-being should also be considered.展开更多
Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species co...Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species complex from tropical Southeast Asia,we made use of colour measurements taken with digital cameras and applied two methodologies—(1)the 75%subspecies rule on quantitative colourimetric variables,and(2)the CIEDE2000 colour distance method to generate phylograms,which has probably never been applied in taxonomy before.Given its large number of described subspecies,many of which have been synonymised in modern taxonomies,the species complex serves as an appropriate model to test subspecies validity.Our data indicate that one synonymised subspecies(C.e.apega),from the islands of Bangka and Belitung,requires re-instalment and recognition,whereas one widely recognised subspecies(C.e.fulviventre),from the Banyak Islands,should be synonymised.Our approach also allowed us to redraw geographic subspecies boundaries.Our work indicates that current subspecies taxonomies of many poorly known tropical species may remain error-ridden and highlights the importance and viability of large-scale taxonomic revisions targeting avian subspecies globally while incorporating quantitative colourimetric approaches.展开更多
During the non-breeding season(September-April),Black-tailed Godwits(Limosa limosa)are commonly seen in coastal and inland wetlands of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta in Bangladesh.We hypothesize that the Ganges-B...During the non-breeding season(September-April),Black-tailed Godwits(Limosa limosa)are commonly seen in coastal and inland wetlands of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta in Bangladesh.We hypothesize that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta,at the overlap between the Central Asian and East Asian-Australasian flyways,may host three subspecies that breed in disjunct areas of temperate and northern Asia:L.l.limosa,L.l.melanuroides,and L.l.bohaii.We used mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA)haplotype network and biometric analysis to determine subspecies in captured individuals,and deployed GPS-GSM transmitters to verify breeding areas of individuals with subspecies assignments.To test for differential habitat preferences,we sampled birds at two ecologically distinct habitats known to host the largest concentrations of non-breeding Black-tailed Godwits in Bangladesh:Nijhum Dweep National Park,a tidal coastal habitat with brackish water on the south-central coast,and Tanguar Haor(‘backmarsh'),a seasonal freshwater floodplain in the north.During the non-breeding seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023,we sampled and measured 93 Black-tailed Godwits,54 of which were equipped with GPS-GSM transmitters.Our mt DNA haplotype network analysis confirmed the presence of limosa,melanuroides,and bohaii subspecies at the study sites.Thus,indeed,Black-tailed Godwits subspecies,despite having distinct breeding ranges,exhibit(partially)overlapping non-breeding ranges in Asia.The subspecies composition differed significantly between sites,with limosa and bohaii dominating in Tanguar Haor and melanuroides in Nijhum Dweep.Of the 21 individuals that were tracked to their breeding grounds,18 migrated to the expected breeding range of their respective subspecies.However,one bird with a limosa haplotype migrated to a known breeding area of bohaii,whereas two birds with melanuroides haplotypes migrated to the supposed breeding range of limosa.Therefore,while ecological factors at both ends of the flyways may shape the morphological and behavioural differences between Black-tailed Godwit subspecies,their delineations and possible gene flow require further studies.展开更多
Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species.However,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite d...Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species.However,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite dispersal being a key factor in determining the rate of evolution and playing a significant role in evolutionary divergence.Therefore,it is important to conduct a comprehensive study to address this issue.In this study,we aimed to assess the association between subspecies richness(measured by the number of subspecies)and dispersal ability(measured by the hand-wing index)on a global scale,using a dataset of over 7000 bird species.Our results revealed a negative correlation between dispersal ability and the number of subspecies,without any quadratic correlation.The wing is a crucial phenotypic trait for birds,and the concept of subspecies is important in speciation theory and conservation biology.Therefore,our findings not only enhance our understanding of the association between avian morphological traits and evolutionary divergence but also have implications for the conservation of avian species diversity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus(SGSP)is a rare pathogen responsible for infant sepsis and meningitis and is potentially overlooked because it is not included in routine group B streptococ...BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus(SGSP)is a rare pathogen responsible for infant sepsis and meningitis and is potentially overlooked because it is not included in routine group B streptococcal screenings.Hence,we present a case of SGSP-induced infant meningitis and sepsis,accompanied by bronchopneumonia induced by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),providing insights into the identification,management,and prognosis of this bacterial infection.CASE SUMMARY A 45-day-old female infant presented with two episodes of high fever(maximum temperature:39.5°C)and two generalized grand mal seizure episodes that lasted over ten seconds and self-resolved without concomitant symptoms.Postadmission,the patient’s C-reactive protein level was 40.73 mg/L,white blood cell count was 13.42×10^(9)/L,neutrophil ratio was 78.4%,procalcitonin level was 7.89μg/L,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)white cell count was 36×10^(6)/L,multinucleated cell ratio was 95.2%,and protein concentration was 0.41 g/L.Blood and CSF culture revealed that the pathogen was SGSP.The bacterium was sensitive to ampicillin,furazolidone,penicillin,lincomycin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,vancomycin,and levofloxacin but resistant to clindamycin and tetracycline.Sputum culture revealed the presence of MRSA,which was sensitive to vancomycin.The patient was diagnosed with meningitis and sepsis caused by SGSP,accompanied by bronchopneumonia induced by MRSA.Ceftriaxone(100 mg/kg/d)combined with vancomycin(10 mg/kg/dose,q6h)was given as an anti-infective treatment postadmission.After 12 days of treatment,the infant was discharged from the hospital with normal CSF,blood culture,and routine blood test results,and no complications,such as subdural effusion,were observed on cranial computed tomography.No growth retardation or neurological sequelae occurred during follow-up.CONCLUSION SGPSP-induced infant bacterial meningitis and sepsis should be treated with prompt blood and CSF cultures,and a sensitive antibiotic therapy to ensure a favorable prognosis.展开更多
On May 22,2024,coinciding with the International Biodiversity Day,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)released its“Catalog of Life China 2024 Annual Checklist,”marking a significant advancement in documenting China...On May 22,2024,coinciding with the International Biodiversity Day,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)released its“Catalog of Life China 2024 Annual Checklist,”marking a significant advancement in documenting China’s rich biodiversity.This comprehensive inventory now encompasses an impressive total of 155,364 species and subspecies,including 141,484 distinct species and 13,880 subspecies,reflecting China’s ongoing commitment to understanding and preserving its natural heritage.展开更多
Influence of high light stress on the photosynthesis of flag leaves of indica subspecies (cv. “Shanyou 63', sensitive to photoinhibition) and japonica subspecies (cv. “Wuyujing', resistant to photoin...Influence of high light stress on the photosynthesis of flag leaves of indica subspecies (cv. “Shanyou 63', sensitive to photoinhibition) and japonica subspecies (cv. “Wuyujing', resistant to photoinhibition) of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) was comparatively investigated. In both cultivars of rice, the excitation energy distribution between two photosystems was altered and the excitation energy transfer from light harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes to PSⅡ was inhibited by high light stress. These decreases were more pronounced in indica rice cultivar as compared to japonica one. The analysis of mild SDS_PAGE showed that in indica rice, high light stress almost disaggregated the trimer of light harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes of PSⅡ (LHC Ⅱ 1). The stress reduced the contents of internal antennae chlorophyll protein complexes of PSⅡ (CPa), light harvesting chlorophyll protein of PSⅠ (CPⅠa) and Chl a protein complex of PSⅠ reaction center (CPⅠ) as well as dimer of LHCⅡ (LHCⅡ 2) in indica rice. In japonica subspecies, however, high light stress depressed the contents of LHCⅡ 1, CPa and CPⅠa, but slightly impacted on CPⅠ content. Moreover, the increase in the contents of monomer of LHCⅡ by high light stress was found in both subspecies. In consistent with above results, analysis of polypeptide indicated that the amounts of 27 kD and 25 kD polypeptide of LHCⅡ in particular, as well as that of 21 kD polypeptide of CPⅠa were reduced by high light stress in both subspecies. It was found that, comparing with japonica rice, the stress pronouncedly diminished 43 kD and 47 kD proteins of CPa and 23 kD extrisic protein in indica rice.展开更多
This species is similar to P.antiphates(Cramer),but may be distiguished from the lat-ter by wing pattern.especially the median zone and inner median zone of under-surface ofhind wing black.Holotype:■,Quanzhou,Fujian,...This species is similar to P.antiphates(Cramer),but may be distiguished from the lat-ter by wing pattern.especially the median zone and inner median zone of under-surface ofhind wing black.Holotype:■,Quanzhou,Fujian,coll.Huang Bingwen.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore the phylogenetic relationships among four subspecies of the genus Locusta.[Method] The sequences of three subunits of cytochrome oxidase of Locusta migratoria tibetensis and Locusta ...[Objective] The aim was to explore the phylogenetic relationships among four subspecies of the genus Locusta.[Method] The sequences of three subunits of cytochrome oxidase of Locusta migratoria tibetensis and Locusta migratoria manilensis were amplified and sequenced（COⅠ 1 539 bp,COⅡ 684 bp,CO Ⅲ 792 bp,with the total of 3 015 bp）.The corresponding sequenses of Locusta migratoria migratoria and Locusta migratoria migratorioides were obtained from GenBank and constructed a multiple alignment.Phylogenic trees of four subspecies of L.migratoria were constructed by Neighbor-Joining,Maximum-parsimony and Bayesian,respectively.[Result] The average content of A ＋ T in three subunits of four subspecies was 69.57%;the third site of codon showed the highest A ＋ T content,and the COⅠ had the highest A ＋ T content（87.6%）;The nucleotide substitution mainly occurred at the third site of codon,and the nucleotide replacement rate of CO Ⅱ was the highest.The second site of codon was conservative,so the replacement rate was in the range of 5.9%-15%.The start codon of COⅠ was CCG or ACG.Genetic distances among four subspecies were ranged from 0.001 to 0.076.The relationship between L.m.tibetensis and Locusta migratoria manilensis was the closest,followed by L.m.migratorioides and L.m.migratorioides,while the genetic distance between L.m.tibetensis and L.m.migratorioides was the largest.[Conclusion] The phylogenetic relationships among four subspecies of Locusta migratoria is L.m.tibetensis,L.m.manilensis,L.m.migratoria,L.m.migratorioides.展开更多
The genus Saurogobio Bleeker (1870) is a group of small sized cyprinids. Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker (1871) is widely distributed in East Asia.On the basis of careful inspection of morphological and meristic ch...The genus Saurogobio Bleeker (1870) is a group of small sized cyprinids. Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker (1871) is widely distributed in East Asia.On the basis of careful inspection of morphological and meristic characters of specimen collected from Chenghai Lake in Yunnan and the opening river systems including Pearl River,Minjiang River,Yangtze River,Liaohe River and Songhuajiang River,the Chenghai Lake population of Saurogobio dabryi is considered to represent a new subspecies, Saurogobio dabryi chenghaiensis . Saurogobio dabryi chenghaiensis is distinguished by the combination of following characters.Rostral cap developed,covering over upper lip,and lips with developed papillae.Body and caudal peduncle very slender,body depth 12 7%-15 0% of standard length(SL),caudal peduncle depth 5 5%-6 1% of SL and 31 8%-39 1% of caudal peduncle length.A longitudinal dark stripe present along the axis on each side of body and 6-11 stick shaped black spots (its widths being 25%-50% of its lengths respectively) occur along the stripe.Distance from pelvic fin origin to anus is more than 50% of pelvic fin length.The length of the shortest caudal fin ray is less than 50% that of the longest one.The new subspecies occurs only in Chenghai Lake,Yunnan,China.展开更多
The distribution of the loach Paracobitis variegatus is confined to upper Yangtze, Huanghe and Nanpanjiang drainages. The number of branched dorsal fin rays, morphology of anterior nostril, colour pattern of head...The distribution of the loach Paracobitis variegatus is confined to upper Yangtze, Huanghe and Nanpanjiang drainages. The number of branched dorsal fin rays, morphology of anterior nostril, colour pattern of head and the length of maxillary barbel indicate that it has differentiated into two subspecies. Both subspecies are isolated geographically: P. variegatus variegatus restricted to the upper Yangtze and the upper Huanghe Rivers, and P. variegatus longidorsalis, new subspecies, to the upper Nanpanjiang River. The subspecific differentiation is supposed to correlated to the sharp uplift of the eastern Yunnan Plateau during late Pleistocene. The taxonomic status of Nemachilus berezowsku Gunther, 1896 and Nemacheilus oxygnathus Regan, 1908 are also discussed and they are considered to be the synonyms of P. variegatus variegatus.展开更多
In this overall survey of the seagrasses of China 15 species are listed, eight of which are recorded for the first time. The Potamogetonaceae (subfamilies Zosteroideae and Cymodoceoideae) are represented by 10 species...In this overall survey of the seagrasses of China 15 species are listed, eight of which are recorded for the first time. The Potamogetonaceae (subfamilies Zosteroideae and Cymodoceoideae) are represented by 10 species, and the Hydrocharitaceae (subfamilies Vallisnerioideae, Thalassioideae and Halophiloideae)by 5 species. Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook, f. is represented by 2 subspecies. A key to the species based on vegetative and generative characteristics is presented.展开更多
The Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.) grown worldwide is divided into two subspecies, indica and japonica. It is well known that the heterosis of inter-subspecies is usually stronger than that of intra-subspecies...The Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.) grown worldwide is divided into two subspecies, indica and japonica. It is well known that the heterosis of inter-subspecies is usually stronger than that of intra-subspecies. Since the 1970 s, indica hybrid rice, an intra-subspecific hybrid rice, has being widely used in China and even in the world. However, the inter-subspecific hybrid rice between indica and japonica is still unavailable. The major obstacle is the hybrid sterility of the inter-subspecies. In recent decades, the genetic and molecular basis of indica-japonica hybrid sterility was understood more and more clearly. Some breeding approaches for overcoming inter-subspecific hybrid sterility were proposed and used to develop the indicajaponica hybrid rice. The updated understanding will offer new approaches for development of breeding lines for overcoming indica-japonica hybrid sterility, which facilitates developing of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.展开更多
Apodemus （mice） and Rattus （rats） are the top rodent reservoirs for zoonoses in China,yet little is known about their diversity.We reexamined the alpha diversity of these two genera based on a new collection of sp...Apodemus （mice） and Rattus （rats） are the top rodent reservoirs for zoonoses in China,yet little is known about their diversity.We reexamined the alpha diversity of these two genera based on a new collection of specimens from China and their cyt b sequences in GenBank.We also tested whether species could be identified using external and craniodental measurements exclusively.Measurements from 147 specimens of Apodemus and 233 specimens of Rattus were used for morphological comparisons.We analysed 74 cyt b sequences of Apodemus and 100 cyt b sequences of Rattus to facilitate phylogenetic estimations.Results demonstrated that nine species of Apodemus and seven species of Rattus,plus a new subspecies of Rattus nitidus,are distributed in China.Principal component analysis using external and craniodental measurements revealed that measurements alone could not separate the recognized species.The occurrence of Rattus pyctoris in China remains uncertain.展开更多
AIM:To examine the detection rate of viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC)].METHODS:Thirty patients...AIM:To examine the detection rate of viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC)].METHODS:Thirty patients with CD(15 with at least one NOD2/CARD15 mutation),29 with UC,and 10 with no inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).were tested for MAP by polymerase chain reaction(specific IS900 fragment) and blood culture.RESULTS:MAP DNA was detected in all original blood samples and 8-wk blood cultures(CD,UC and non-IBD).Positive MAP DNA status was confirmed by dot blot assays.All 69 cultures were negative by acid-fast Ziehl-Neelsen staining.Viable MAP,in spheroplast form,was isolated from the 18-mo blood cultures of all 30 CD patients,one UC patient,and none of the non-IBD controls.No association was found between positive MAP cultures and use of immunosuppressive drugs or CDassociated single nucleotide polymorphisms.CONCLUSION:MAP is widely present in our area and MAP DNA can be recovered from the blood of CD,UC and non-IBD patients.However,MAP spheroplasts were only found in CD patients.展开更多
Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus （Ch Rh） macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus （Ind Rh） macaq...Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus （Ch Rh） macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus （Ind Rh） macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A＊01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^＋ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances （divergence, diversity） were larger in animals （M419, M425） with their CD4^＋ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to AIDS compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.展开更多
The hypothesis postulating that Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis(MAP) is the cause of Crohn's disease(CD) has been circulating for many years.Advances in molecular techniques,such as polymerase chain reaction ...The hypothesis postulating that Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis(MAP) is the cause of Crohn's disease(CD) has been circulating for many years.Advances in molecular techniques,such as polymerase chain reaction and culture methods,have enabled researchers to demonstrate that there is an association between MAP and CD.Recently,genome-wide association studies have identified novel susceptibility genes for CD,which are critical for generation of an adaptive immune response that is protective against intracellular pathogens,including M.tuberculosis infection.However,the role of MAP as a cause of CD suffered a setback with the report that administration of antimycobacterial therapy failed to lead to a sustained response in CD patients.Accordingly,this review sought neither to confirm nor refute this,but instead to survey recent literature on the role of MAP in CD.展开更多
The genus Tropidophorus consists of small semi-aquatic lizards that dwell in lowland forest steams(Barbour,1921;Bauer&Jackman,2008).Here,we designate the neotype and re-describe T.guangxiensis Wen,1992 based on ne...The genus Tropidophorus consists of small semi-aquatic lizards that dwell in lowland forest steams(Barbour,1921;Bauer&Jackman,2008).Here,we designate the neotype and re-describe T.guangxiensis Wen,1992 based on newly collected topotypic specimens.We also describe a new subspecies from Xuefeng Mountain,Hongjiang County。展开更多
AIM： TO assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16L1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis （MAP） survival in monocytes from Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients METHODS： Mon...AIM： TO assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16L1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis （MAP） survival in monocytes from Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients METHODS： Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients of known genotype for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 and ATG16L1, Monocytes were challenged with MAP and bacterial per- sistence assessed at subsequent time-points. Cytokine responses were assayed using a Milliplex multi-analyte profiling assay for 13 cytokines. RESULTS： Monooltes heterozygous for a NOD2 polymorphism （R702W, P268S, or 1007fs） were more permissive for growth of MAP （P = 0.045） than those without. There was no effect of NOD2 genotype on subsequent cytokine expression. The T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 did not affect growth of MAP in our model （P = 0.175）, but did increase expression of cytokines interleukin （IL）-10 （P = 0.047） and IL-6 （P = 0.019）. CONCLUSION： CD-associated polymorphisms affected the eliminaUon of MAP from ex v/vo monooltes （NOD2）, or expression of certain oltokines （ATG16LI）, implying independent but contributory roles in the pathogenesis of CD.展开更多
基金Teaching Reform Project of Higher Education of Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:SCU10366Research and Practice Project of Undergraduate Teaching Reform of West China School of Medicine,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:HXBK-B2023029。
文摘Purpose:Our institution developed the subspecialized medical team(SMT)mode in radiology reporting workflows in July 2022 to strengthen profes-sionalism in radiology residency training.This study aimed to investigate whether adopting the SMT mode facilitated radiology resident training.Method:This observational study was conducted in October 2022.An online questionnaire was distributed among first-to third-year radiology residents to determine their levels of perceived stress,anxiety,competency in image interpretation,and learning effectiveness in using the SMT mode and other approaches.Responses were on 4 or 5 point Likert scales,and multiple-choice responses were used for semi-open questions.The turnaround time for radi-ology reports was measured for both residents and senior radiologists.Sta-tistical significance(p<0.05)was determined using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests,one-way analysis of variance,pairwise t-tests,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results:In total,71 residents completed the questionnaire survey.The turnaround times for radiology reports were collected for these residents and 23 senior radiologists.Residents'stress and anxiety scores,perceived levels of competency in image interpretation,and time spent writing reports were significantly increased in the SMT mode.In contrast,the time senior radiol-ogists spent reviewing a single report was decreased for the majority of report types after 1 year of implementing the SMT mode.Conclusion:These findings suggest adopting the SMT mode could facilitate the training of radiology residents.However,residents'mental health and well-being should also be considered.
基金supported by a Singapore National Research Foundation(NRF)Investigatorship(NRF-NRFI07-2021-0008)。
文摘Quantitative analysis of colouration is an essential tool for subspecies delimitation but has always posed a challenge in avian taxonomy.In this study on the Chestnut-winged Babbler(Cyanoderma erythropterum)species complex from tropical Southeast Asia,we made use of colour measurements taken with digital cameras and applied two methodologies—(1)the 75%subspecies rule on quantitative colourimetric variables,and(2)the CIEDE2000 colour distance method to generate phylograms,which has probably never been applied in taxonomy before.Given its large number of described subspecies,many of which have been synonymised in modern taxonomies,the species complex serves as an appropriate model to test subspecies validity.Our data indicate that one synonymised subspecies(C.e.apega),from the islands of Bangka and Belitung,requires re-instalment and recognition,whereas one widely recognised subspecies(C.e.fulviventre),from the Banyak Islands,should be synonymised.Our approach also allowed us to redraw geographic subspecies boundaries.Our work indicates that current subspecies taxonomies of many poorly known tropical species may remain error-ridden and highlights the importance and viability of large-scale taxonomic revisions targeting avian subspecies globally while incorporating quantitative colourimetric approaches.
基金supported by The Embassy of the Royal Kingdom of the Netherlands in Dhaka,The Embassy of France in Dhaka,and Bangabandhu Science and Technology Fellowship Trust,MoST,Bangladesh。
文摘During the non-breeding season(September-April),Black-tailed Godwits(Limosa limosa)are commonly seen in coastal and inland wetlands of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta in Bangladesh.We hypothesize that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta,at the overlap between the Central Asian and East Asian-Australasian flyways,may host three subspecies that breed in disjunct areas of temperate and northern Asia:L.l.limosa,L.l.melanuroides,and L.l.bohaii.We used mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA)haplotype network and biometric analysis to determine subspecies in captured individuals,and deployed GPS-GSM transmitters to verify breeding areas of individuals with subspecies assignments.To test for differential habitat preferences,we sampled birds at two ecologically distinct habitats known to host the largest concentrations of non-breeding Black-tailed Godwits in Bangladesh:Nijhum Dweep National Park,a tidal coastal habitat with brackish water on the south-central coast,and Tanguar Haor(‘backmarsh'),a seasonal freshwater floodplain in the north.During the non-breeding seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023,we sampled and measured 93 Black-tailed Godwits,54 of which were equipped with GPS-GSM transmitters.Our mt DNA haplotype network analysis confirmed the presence of limosa,melanuroides,and bohaii subspecies at the study sites.Thus,indeed,Black-tailed Godwits subspecies,despite having distinct breeding ranges,exhibit(partially)overlapping non-breeding ranges in Asia.The subspecies composition differed significantly between sites,with limosa and bohaii dominating in Tanguar Haor and melanuroides in Nijhum Dweep.Of the 21 individuals that were tracked to their breeding grounds,18 migrated to the expected breeding range of their respective subspecies.However,one bird with a limosa haplotype migrated to a known breeding area of bohaii,whereas two birds with melanuroides haplotypes migrated to the supposed breeding range of limosa.Therefore,while ecological factors at both ends of the flyways may shape the morphological and behavioural differences between Black-tailed Godwit subspecies,their delineations and possible gene flow require further studies.
基金Financial support for this study was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31901084,32200406,32211530420).
文摘Since the time of Darwin,subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species.However,the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention,despite dispersal being a key factor in determining the rate of evolution and playing a significant role in evolutionary divergence.Therefore,it is important to conduct a comprehensive study to address this issue.In this study,we aimed to assess the association between subspecies richness(measured by the number of subspecies)and dispersal ability(measured by the hand-wing index)on a global scale,using a dataset of over 7000 bird species.Our results revealed a negative correlation between dispersal ability and the number of subspecies,without any quadratic correlation.The wing is a crucial phenotypic trait for birds,and the concept of subspecies is important in speciation theory and conservation biology.Therefore,our findings not only enhance our understanding of the association between avian morphological traits and evolutionary divergence but also have implications for the conservation of avian species diversity.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project from the Health Commission of Mianyang City,No.201903.
文摘BACKGROUND Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus(SGSP)is a rare pathogen responsible for infant sepsis and meningitis and is potentially overlooked because it is not included in routine group B streptococcal screenings.Hence,we present a case of SGSP-induced infant meningitis and sepsis,accompanied by bronchopneumonia induced by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),providing insights into the identification,management,and prognosis of this bacterial infection.CASE SUMMARY A 45-day-old female infant presented with two episodes of high fever(maximum temperature:39.5°C)and two generalized grand mal seizure episodes that lasted over ten seconds and self-resolved without concomitant symptoms.Postadmission,the patient’s C-reactive protein level was 40.73 mg/L,white blood cell count was 13.42×10^(9)/L,neutrophil ratio was 78.4%,procalcitonin level was 7.89μg/L,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)white cell count was 36×10^(6)/L,multinucleated cell ratio was 95.2%,and protein concentration was 0.41 g/L.Blood and CSF culture revealed that the pathogen was SGSP.The bacterium was sensitive to ampicillin,furazolidone,penicillin,lincomycin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,vancomycin,and levofloxacin but resistant to clindamycin and tetracycline.Sputum culture revealed the presence of MRSA,which was sensitive to vancomycin.The patient was diagnosed with meningitis and sepsis caused by SGSP,accompanied by bronchopneumonia induced by MRSA.Ceftriaxone(100 mg/kg/d)combined with vancomycin(10 mg/kg/dose,q6h)was given as an anti-infective treatment postadmission.After 12 days of treatment,the infant was discharged from the hospital with normal CSF,blood culture,and routine blood test results,and no complications,such as subdural effusion,were observed on cranial computed tomography.No growth retardation or neurological sequelae occurred during follow-up.CONCLUSION SGPSP-induced infant bacterial meningitis and sepsis should be treated with prompt blood and CSF cultures,and a sensitive antibiotic therapy to ensure a favorable prognosis.
文摘On May 22,2024,coinciding with the International Biodiversity Day,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)released its“Catalog of Life China 2024 Annual Checklist,”marking a significant advancement in documenting China’s rich biodiversity.This comprehensive inventory now encompasses an impressive total of 155,364 species and subspecies,including 141,484 distinct species and 13,880 subspecies,reflecting China’s ongoing commitment to understanding and preserving its natural heritage.
文摘Influence of high light stress on the photosynthesis of flag leaves of indica subspecies (cv. “Shanyou 63', sensitive to photoinhibition) and japonica subspecies (cv. “Wuyujing', resistant to photoinhibition) of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) was comparatively investigated. In both cultivars of rice, the excitation energy distribution between two photosystems was altered and the excitation energy transfer from light harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes to PSⅡ was inhibited by high light stress. These decreases were more pronounced in indica rice cultivar as compared to japonica one. The analysis of mild SDS_PAGE showed that in indica rice, high light stress almost disaggregated the trimer of light harvesting chlorophyll protein complexes of PSⅡ (LHC Ⅱ 1). The stress reduced the contents of internal antennae chlorophyll protein complexes of PSⅡ (CPa), light harvesting chlorophyll protein of PSⅠ (CPⅠa) and Chl a protein complex of PSⅠ reaction center (CPⅠ) as well as dimer of LHCⅡ (LHCⅡ 2) in indica rice. In japonica subspecies, however, high light stress depressed the contents of LHCⅡ 1, CPa and CPⅠa, but slightly impacted on CPⅠ content. Moreover, the increase in the contents of monomer of LHCⅡ by high light stress was found in both subspecies. In consistent with above results, analysis of polypeptide indicated that the amounts of 27 kD and 25 kD polypeptide of LHCⅡ in particular, as well as that of 21 kD polypeptide of CPⅠa were reduced by high light stress in both subspecies. It was found that, comparing with japonica rice, the stress pronouncedly diminished 43 kD and 47 kD proteins of CPa and 23 kD extrisic protein in indica rice.
文摘This species is similar to P.antiphates(Cramer),but may be distiguished from the lat-ter by wing pattern.especially the median zone and inner median zone of under-surface ofhind wing black.Holotype:■,Quanzhou,Fujian,coll.Huang Bingwen.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770263)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the phylogenetic relationships among four subspecies of the genus Locusta.[Method] The sequences of three subunits of cytochrome oxidase of Locusta migratoria tibetensis and Locusta migratoria manilensis were amplified and sequenced（COⅠ 1 539 bp,COⅡ 684 bp,CO Ⅲ 792 bp,with the total of 3 015 bp）.The corresponding sequenses of Locusta migratoria migratoria and Locusta migratoria migratorioides were obtained from GenBank and constructed a multiple alignment.Phylogenic trees of four subspecies of L.migratoria were constructed by Neighbor-Joining,Maximum-parsimony and Bayesian,respectively.[Result] The average content of A ＋ T in three subunits of four subspecies was 69.57%;the third site of codon showed the highest A ＋ T content,and the COⅠ had the highest A ＋ T content（87.6%）;The nucleotide substitution mainly occurred at the third site of codon,and the nucleotide replacement rate of CO Ⅱ was the highest.The second site of codon was conservative,so the replacement rate was in the range of 5.9%-15%.The start codon of COⅠ was CCG or ACG.Genetic distances among four subspecies were ranged from 0.001 to 0.076.The relationship between L.m.tibetensis and Locusta migratoria manilensis was the closest,followed by L.m.migratorioides and L.m.migratorioides,while the genetic distance between L.m.tibetensis and L.m.migratorioides was the largest.[Conclusion] The phylogenetic relationships among four subspecies of Locusta migratoria is L.m.tibetensis,L.m.manilensis,L.m.migratoria,L.m.migratorioides.
文摘The genus Saurogobio Bleeker (1870) is a group of small sized cyprinids. Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker (1871) is widely distributed in East Asia.On the basis of careful inspection of morphological and meristic characters of specimen collected from Chenghai Lake in Yunnan and the opening river systems including Pearl River,Minjiang River,Yangtze River,Liaohe River and Songhuajiang River,the Chenghai Lake population of Saurogobio dabryi is considered to represent a new subspecies, Saurogobio dabryi chenghaiensis . Saurogobio dabryi chenghaiensis is distinguished by the combination of following characters.Rostral cap developed,covering over upper lip,and lips with developed papillae.Body and caudal peduncle very slender,body depth 12 7%-15 0% of standard length(SL),caudal peduncle depth 5 5%-6 1% of SL and 31 8%-39 1% of caudal peduncle length.A longitudinal dark stripe present along the axis on each side of body and 6-11 stick shaped black spots (its widths being 25%-50% of its lengths respectively) occur along the stripe.Distance from pelvic fin origin to anus is more than 50% of pelvic fin length.The length of the shortest caudal fin ray is less than 50% that of the longest one.The new subspecies occurs only in Chenghai Lake,Yunnan,China.
文摘The distribution of the loach Paracobitis variegatus is confined to upper Yangtze, Huanghe and Nanpanjiang drainages. The number of branched dorsal fin rays, morphology of anterior nostril, colour pattern of head and the length of maxillary barbel indicate that it has differentiated into two subspecies. Both subspecies are isolated geographically: P. variegatus variegatus restricted to the upper Yangtze and the upper Huanghe Rivers, and P. variegatus longidorsalis, new subspecies, to the upper Nanpanjiang River. The subspecific differentiation is supposed to correlated to the sharp uplift of the eastern Yunnan Plateau during late Pleistocene. The taxonomic status of Nemachilus berezowsku Gunther, 1896 and Nemacheilus oxygnathus Regan, 1908 are also discussed and they are considered to be the synonyms of P. variegatus variegatus.
文摘In this overall survey of the seagrasses of China 15 species are listed, eight of which are recorded for the first time. The Potamogetonaceae (subfamilies Zosteroideae and Cymodoceoideae) are represented by 10 species, and the Hydrocharitaceae (subfamilies Vallisnerioideae, Thalassioideae and Halophiloideae)by 5 species. Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook, f. is represented by 2 subspecies. A key to the species based on vegetative and generative characteristics is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91435207 and 91735304)the Project of Science and Technology of Guangzhou, China (201607020040)
文摘The Asian cultivated rice(Oryza sativa L.) grown worldwide is divided into two subspecies, indica and japonica. It is well known that the heterosis of inter-subspecies is usually stronger than that of intra-subspecies. Since the 1970 s, indica hybrid rice, an intra-subspecific hybrid rice, has being widely used in China and even in the world. However, the inter-subspecific hybrid rice between indica and japonica is still unavailable. The major obstacle is the hybrid sterility of the inter-subspecies. In recent decades, the genetic and molecular basis of indica-japonica hybrid sterility was understood more and more clearly. Some breeding approaches for overcoming inter-subspecific hybrid sterility were proposed and used to develop the indicajaponica hybrid rice. The updated understanding will offer new approaches for development of breeding lines for overcoming indica-japonica hybrid sterility, which facilitates developing of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3147011031301869+3 种基金31670388)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-L07)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects(2014FB176)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M570801)
文摘Apodemus （mice） and Rattus （rats） are the top rodent reservoirs for zoonoses in China,yet little is known about their diversity.We reexamined the alpha diversity of these two genera based on a new collection of specimens from China and their cyt b sequences in GenBank.We also tested whether species could be identified using external and craniodental measurements exclusively.Measurements from 147 specimens of Apodemus and 233 specimens of Rattus were used for morphological comparisons.We analysed 74 cyt b sequences of Apodemus and 100 cyt b sequences of Rattus to facilitate phylogenetic estimations.Results demonstrated that nine species of Apodemus and seven species of Rattus,plus a new subspecies of Rattus nitidus,are distributed in China.Principal component analysis using external and craniodental measurements revealed that measurements alone could not separate the recognized species.The occurrence of Rattus pyctoris in China remains uncertain.
基金Supported by A grant from Fundación de Investigación Médica Mutua Madrilena(FMM)(to Díaz-Rubio M)
文摘AIM:To examine the detection rate of viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC)].METHODS:Thirty patients with CD(15 with at least one NOD2/CARD15 mutation),29 with UC,and 10 with no inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).were tested for MAP by polymerase chain reaction(specific IS900 fragment) and blood culture.RESULTS:MAP DNA was detected in all original blood samples and 8-wk blood cultures(CD,UC and non-IBD).Positive MAP DNA status was confirmed by dot blot assays.All 69 cultures were negative by acid-fast Ziehl-Neelsen staining.Viable MAP,in spheroplast form,was isolated from the 18-mo blood cultures of all 30 CD patients,one UC patient,and none of the non-IBD controls.No association was found between positive MAP cultures and use of immunosuppressive drugs or CDassociated single nucleotide polymorphisms.CONCLUSION:MAP is widely present in our area and MAP DNA can be recovered from the blood of CD,UC and non-IBD patients.However,MAP spheroplasts were only found in CD patients.
文摘Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus （Ch Rh） macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus （Ind Rh） macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A＊01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^＋ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances （divergence, diversity） were larger in animals （M419, M425） with their CD4^＋ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to AIDS compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.
基金Supported by Grant from Fundación de Investigación MédicaMutua Madrileía (Professor M Díaz-Rubio)
文摘The hypothesis postulating that Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis(MAP) is the cause of Crohn's disease(CD) has been circulating for many years.Advances in molecular techniques,such as polymerase chain reaction and culture methods,have enabled researchers to demonstrate that there is an association between MAP and CD.Recently,genome-wide association studies have identified novel susceptibility genes for CD,which are critical for generation of an adaptive immune response that is protective against intracellular pathogens,including M.tuberculosis infection.However,the role of MAP as a cause of CD suffered a setback with the report that administration of antimycobacterial therapy failed to lead to a sustained response in CD patients.Accordingly,this review sought neither to confirm nor refute this,but instead to survey recent literature on the role of MAP in CD.
文摘The genus Tropidophorus consists of small semi-aquatic lizards that dwell in lowland forest steams(Barbour,1921;Bauer&Jackman,2008).Here,we designate the neotype and re-describe T.guangxiensis Wen,1992 based on newly collected topotypic specimens.We also describe a new subspecies from Xuefeng Mountain,Hongjiang County。
基金Supported by Broad Medical Research Program of The Broad Foundation,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Grant IBD-0236. RLR is the recipient of a Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship from the Health Research Council of New Zealand
文摘AIM： TO assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16L1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis （MAP） survival in monocytes from Crohn＇s disease （CD） patients METHODS： Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients of known genotype for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 and ATG16L1, Monocytes were challenged with MAP and bacterial per- sistence assessed at subsequent time-points. Cytokine responses were assayed using a Milliplex multi-analyte profiling assay for 13 cytokines. RESULTS： Monooltes heterozygous for a NOD2 polymorphism （R702W, P268S, or 1007fs） were more permissive for growth of MAP （P = 0.045） than those without. There was no effect of NOD2 genotype on subsequent cytokine expression. The T300A polymorphism of ATG16L1 did not affect growth of MAP in our model （P = 0.175）, but did increase expression of cytokines interleukin （IL）-10 （P = 0.047） and IL-6 （P = 0.019）. CONCLUSION： CD-associated polymorphisms affected the eliminaUon of MAP from ex v/vo monooltes （NOD2）, or expression of certain oltokines （ATG16LI）, implying independent but contributory roles in the pathogenesis of CD.
