Probiotics are crucial to human health,but their low survival rate during food processing and application re-mains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed.In this study,the carboxymethyl chitosan-ellagic ac...Probiotics are crucial to human health,but their low survival rate during food processing and application re-mains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed.In this study,the carboxymethyl chitosan-ellagic acid graft(CMCS-EA)and Ca^(2+)were self-assembled to form metal-phenol networks(MPN).The MPN was then used to efficiently encapsulate the anaerobic bacteria(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.animalis BB04),with the aim of significantly enhancing its resistance to harsh environmental conditions(such as gastric acid,bile salts,and low temperatures)and their probiotic properties.Results showed that MPN exhibited excellent resistance to gastric acid degradation,effectively shielding B.animalis subsp.animalis BB04 from damage caused by gastric acid,bile salts,and low temperatures,thereby significantly enhancing its survival rate,and showed better cell adhesion ability.Based on this,the encapsulated B.animalis subsp.animalis BB04 was incorporated into probiotic ice cream.BB04@CMCS-EA-Ca^(2+)not only significantly reduced the ice cream's overrun rate and melting rate,more importantly,maintained B.animalis subsp.animalis BB04′s viability at a stable level throughout a 180-day storage period at-20℃,keeping its live bacterial count consistently above 6.0 log CFU/g.This study not only provides an efficient and multifunctional encapsulation strategy for delivering high-viability probiotics but also demonstrates its significant application potential in developing stable frozen probiotic functional foods.展开更多
Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by g...Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.展开更多
基金funded by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.6252001)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871772).
文摘Probiotics are crucial to human health,but their low survival rate during food processing and application re-mains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed.In this study,the carboxymethyl chitosan-ellagic acid graft(CMCS-EA)and Ca^(2+)were self-assembled to form metal-phenol networks(MPN).The MPN was then used to efficiently encapsulate the anaerobic bacteria(Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.animalis BB04),with the aim of significantly enhancing its resistance to harsh environmental conditions(such as gastric acid,bile salts,and low temperatures)and their probiotic properties.Results showed that MPN exhibited excellent resistance to gastric acid degradation,effectively shielding B.animalis subsp.animalis BB04 from damage caused by gastric acid,bile salts,and low temperatures,thereby significantly enhancing its survival rate,and showed better cell adhesion ability.Based on this,the encapsulated B.animalis subsp.animalis BB04 was incorporated into probiotic ice cream.BB04@CMCS-EA-Ca^(2+)not only significantly reduced the ice cream's overrun rate and melting rate,more importantly,maintained B.animalis subsp.animalis BB04′s viability at a stable level throughout a 180-day storage period at-20℃,keeping its live bacterial count consistently above 6.0 log CFU/g.This study not only provides an efficient and multifunctional encapsulation strategy for delivering high-viability probiotics but also demonstrates its significant application potential in developing stable frozen probiotic functional foods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Programs of China(2022YFF0710701,2022YFF0710702)Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program(202206010157)+2 种基金Guangzhou Joint Fund for Key Laboratory(202201020381)Medical Joint Fund of Jinan University(YXJC202204)Open Research Project of the Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Education(2023VPPC-R02).
文摘Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.
