Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by g...Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.展开更多
Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis play important roles in the guts of infants and adolescents,respectively.In this study,using a neonatal rat model,we compared the protective effec...Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis play important roles in the guts of infants and adolescents,respectively.In this study,using a neonatal rat model,we compared the protective effects of these 2 bifidobacterial species against Salmonella infection.The results demonstrated that B.longum subsp.infantis was more effective than B.adolescentis in alleviating the severity of infection in newborn rats exposed to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344.B.longum subsp.infantis attenuated intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage induced by Salmonella infection,as well as protecting intestinal nerves and intestinal barrier function through TLR4/My D88 signalling.B.longum subsp.infantis also displayed the potential to modulate gut metabolites by promoting the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids(arachidonic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid andα-linolenic acid)and purine metabolism(guanine,adenine,inosine and adenosine),thereby regulating metabolic disturbances.Additionally,the benefits of B.longum subsp.infantis were also observed in the liver,spleen and brain,improving nerve reflexes and suppressing hepatosplenomegaly.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of gutrelated diseases in newborns,highlighting the potentially significant role of B.longum subsp.infantis in clinical applications.展开更多
Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis is a commensal bacterium that predominates in the infant gut,playing a critical role in both preventing foreign infections and facilitating immune development.This study aimed to ...Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis is a commensal bacterium that predominates in the infant gut,playing a critical role in both preventing foreign infections and facilitating immune development.This study aimed to explore the effects of B.longum subsp.infantis supplementation on interferon-beta(IFN-β)secretion and intestinal barrier improvement in growing mice.Female and male mice were orally administered either saline or B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 or I5TI(1×10^(9) CFU/mice per day,n=8)from 1-week-age until 3-,4-,and 5-week-age.RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCFM1269 exhibited potential antiviral capacity through increasing 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase(OAS).Additionally,CCFM1269 supplementation significantly increased colonic IFN-β levels which combined with OAS in 3-week-old female and male mice by activating the TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathway.However,this effect was not observed in 4-and 5-week-old mice.Furthermore,both CCFM1269 were found to modulate the gut microbiota composition and enhance the intestinal barrier function in 3-,4-,and 5-week-old mice.In summary,the results of this study suggested that B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 promoting intestinal barrier and releasing IFN-β in growing mice was in a strain-specific and time-dependent manner.展开更多
Currently,several studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in managing type 2 diabetes.In this work,we evaluated the beneficial effects of the polyphenolic extract(PESB)from Salvia blancoana subsp.me...Currently,several studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in managing type 2 diabetes.In this work,we evaluated the beneficial effects of the polyphenolic extract(PESB)from Salvia blancoana subsp.mesatlan-tica in the management of hypercaloric-feeding and small-dose alloxan-brought type 2 diabetes in rats.We analyzed the chemical constituents of the extract,including flavones and flavonols content,to understand its biological action.The antioxidant activities were evaluated by total antioxidant action,scavenging effect of the free radical DPPH,and reducing power.The obtained results showed that the value of TFC was estimated at 31.90±0.34 mgEQ/g in the PESB extract.The total antioxidant capacity was estimated at 593.51±4.09 mg(EAA)/g,the value of DPPH IC50 was 7.3±0.00μg/mL,and the value of EC50 of reducing power was estimated at 6.43±0.01μg/mL.In total,14 phenolic compounds were identified and the naringin was the most dominant(63.19%)while the vanillin was the less recorded(0.10%).Serum glucose decreased significantly(p<0.05)in rats given PESB(100 mg/kg)after four weeks.Glibenclamide(GLB)and PESB reduced HbA1c and increased plasma insulin in diabetic rats,restoring HOMA-βand HOMA-IR levels to near-normal.Additionally,diabetic rats treated with GLB or PESB showed statistically equivalent results to those of non-diabetic rats regarding hepatic enzymes,renal and lipid markers,as well as cardiovascular indices.The weight loss was significantly lower in diabetic rats receiving a dose of PESB(100 mg/kg),and GLB compared to corresponding untreated diabetic rats(p<0.01).PESB and GLB showed a prominent protective function in the pancreas,liver,and kidney tissues.This investigation demonstrates the capacity of extracts from leaves of S.blancoana subsp.mesatlantica to manage diabetes mellitus due to their richness in a wide range of bioactive compounds.Therefore,more investigations are required to estimate the safety of the plant use.展开更多
Sex expression in Sagittaria guyanensis H.B.K. subsp. lappula (D. Don) Bojin is typically andromonoecious while the other species in the same genus are basically monoecious. The evolutionary advantages of male...Sex expression in Sagittaria guyanensis H.B.K. subsp. lappula (D. Don) Bojin is typically andromonoecious while the other species in the same genus are basically monoecious. The evolutionary advantages of male flowers and hermaphrodite flowers in S. guyanensis subsp. lappula were assessed by measuring sex allocation and pollen movements in two wild populations of the species. Two cultivated populations served as controls. The percentage of male flowers was very low in the two wild populations in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province and Wuyishan, Fujian Province, viz., 2.48% and 0.96% respectively. In the two cultivated populations, male flower percentage significantly increased when the soil was of higher nutrient content. This indicates that the allocation to male versus female reproduction might change in response to environmental factors. Pollen production per male flower was 4.1 times higher than that of a hermaphrodite flower. The floral shape and size of male and hermaphrodite flowers were similar. No difference was observed between these dimorphological flowers in pollen germination rate in vitro and in the speed of pollen tube growth in vivo . Anthesis was only 4-5 h. Male flowers usually opened 0.5 h earlier than hermaphrodite flowers. An unexpected finding was that no pollen from the male flowers was found on the stigmas of the hermaphrodite flowers, in spite of the occasional visits by insects to both types of flowers in both wild and control populations. A consistent pattern of fruit development was found to exist in open pollinated flowers as well as in flowers that had been bagged. The sex ratios did not have significant influence on fruit set. Approximately 25% of the pistils in a gynoecium failed to develop into fruits because no pollen was deposited on them, indicating that the fruit set of this andromonoecious plant is mainly affected by pollen limitation rather than resource limitation. Reproduction in S. guyanensis subsp. lappula in the habitats was dependent on self_pollination in hermaphrodite flowers. The male flowers in this species might be a potential source of additional pollination and may facilitate cross_pollination. The fact that the flowers of monoecious species in Sagittaria pollinated by a wide diversity of insect visitors may contribute enormously to the diversification of sex expression in this genus.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae in Qinghai Province. [Method] By using indirect hemagglutination test kit for detecting Mycoplasma capricolum subsp...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae in Qinghai Province. [Method] By using indirect hemagglutination test kit for detecting Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae,208 goat serums were detected. [Result] The positive rate of goat sera was 16.3%,and the positive rate of sera from different regions ranged from 6.7% to 24.3%. [Conclusion] The infection rate of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae was high in Qinghai Province,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of this disease.展开更多
AIM: The aqueous methanolic extracts of two plants from Algeria, Helichrysum stoechas subsp. rupestre and Phagnalon saxatile subsp. saxatile, were investigated for their antioxidant activity. METHOD: Total phenolics, ...AIM: The aqueous methanolic extracts of two plants from Algeria, Helichrysum stoechas subsp. rupestre and Phagnalon saxatile subsp. saxatile, were investigated for their antioxidant activity. METHOD: Total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were determined by spectrophotometric techniques..In vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging profiling was determined by spectrophotometric methods, through: Total antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging effects by the DPPH and ABTS methods, reducing and chelating power, and blanching inhibition of the β-carotene. RESULTS: All of the extracts showed interesting antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. The highest contents in phenolics, tannins, and the highest total antioxidant capacity as gallic acid equivalents of 97.5 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g DW was obtained for the flowers of H. stoechas subsp. rupestre extract in the phosphomolybdenum assay. An extract of the leafy stems of P. saxatile subsp. saxatile revealed the highest content of flavonoids, and the highest antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging and β-carotene assays when compared with standards. The best activity was by the scavenging radical DPPH with an IC50 value of 5.65 ± 0.10 μg·mL-1. CONCLUSION: The studied medicinal plants could provide scientific evidence for some traditional uses in the treatment of diseases related to the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and oxidative stress.展开更多
A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="...A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentianaceae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> idistributes</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distributes itself </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.展开更多
A new lignan glycoside, named （7S,8R,8＇R）-（-）-lariciresinol-9-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1-2） 13-D-glucopyranoside （1）,was isolated from the ethanol extract ofPilea cavaleriei Levi subsp, cavaleriei, together wit...A new lignan glycoside, named （7S,8R,8＇R）-（-）-lariciresinol-9-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1-2） 13-D-glucopyranoside （1）,was isolated from the ethanol extract ofPilea cavaleriei Levi subsp, cavaleriei, together with 17 known lignans （2-18）. The structuresof these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.All the compounds were obtained from the genus Pilea for the first time.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Programs of China(2022YFF0710701,2022YFF0710702)Guangzhou Key Research and Development Program(202206010157)+2 种基金Guangzhou Joint Fund for Key Laboratory(202201020381)Medical Joint Fund of Jinan University(YXJC202204)Open Research Project of the Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control of the Ministry of Education(2023VPPC-R02).
文摘Background:The maturation of the immune system is critical during early life,as it involves the differentiation,maturation,and establishment of immune tolerance of immune cells.This process is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by en-vironmental factors,particularly the symbiotic microbiota.Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis(BB-12),originally found in dairy products,is widely used in infant for-mula and dietary supplements.However,its role and mechanisms in immune develop-ment during early life remain unclear.Methods:Using GF mice as the experimental model,B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 was administered via gavage during early life.In the juvenile stage,changes in T-cell subsets in the spleen,thymus,and gut intraepithelial lymphocytes(IEL)were assessed using spectral flow cytometry.Additionally,targeted metabolomics analysis of trypto-phan metabolism and short-chain fatty acid pathways in colonic tissue was conducted to explore how B.animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 influences the immune system through gut microbiota metabolism.Results:BB-12 effectively modulates the gut immune microenvironment,leading to beneficial changes in T-cell subsets in key immune tissues such as the spleen,thymus,and gut IELs.Metabolomics analysis further supports these findings by showing that BB-12 intervention greatly increased the production of tryptophan derivatives and acetic acid in the colon of GF mice.Conclusion:The findings provide theoretical evidence for the role of B.animalis subsp.lactis in immune system development and support its application in dietary supple-ments,suggesting potential as a component for infant immune health and in prevent-ing immune-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005,32272332)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622020,JUSRP51501)+1 种基金the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvincePostgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_2391)。
文摘Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis play important roles in the guts of infants and adolescents,respectively.In this study,using a neonatal rat model,we compared the protective effects of these 2 bifidobacterial species against Salmonella infection.The results demonstrated that B.longum subsp.infantis was more effective than B.adolescentis in alleviating the severity of infection in newborn rats exposed to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344.B.longum subsp.infantis attenuated intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage induced by Salmonella infection,as well as protecting intestinal nerves and intestinal barrier function through TLR4/My D88 signalling.B.longum subsp.infantis also displayed the potential to modulate gut metabolites by promoting the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids(arachidonic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid andα-linolenic acid)and purine metabolism(guanine,adenine,inosine and adenosine),thereby regulating metabolic disturbances.Additionally,the benefits of B.longum subsp.infantis were also observed in the liver,spleen and brain,improving nerve reflexes and suppressing hepatosplenomegaly.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of gutrelated diseases in newborns,highlighting the potentially significant role of B.longum subsp.infantis in clinical applications.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005)+1 种基金111 project(BP0719028)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis is a commensal bacterium that predominates in the infant gut,playing a critical role in both preventing foreign infections and facilitating immune development.This study aimed to explore the effects of B.longum subsp.infantis supplementation on interferon-beta(IFN-β)secretion and intestinal barrier improvement in growing mice.Female and male mice were orally administered either saline or B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 or I5TI(1×10^(9) CFU/mice per day,n=8)from 1-week-age until 3-,4-,and 5-week-age.RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCFM1269 exhibited potential antiviral capacity through increasing 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase(OAS).Additionally,CCFM1269 supplementation significantly increased colonic IFN-β levels which combined with OAS in 3-week-old female and male mice by activating the TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathway.However,this effect was not observed in 4-and 5-week-old mice.Furthermore,both CCFM1269 were found to modulate the gut microbiota composition and enhance the intestinal barrier function in 3-,4-,and 5-week-old mice.In summary,the results of this study suggested that B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 promoting intestinal barrier and releasing IFN-β in growing mice was in a strain-specific and time-dependent manner.
基金financially supported by the Researchers Supporting Project(RSP2024R457).King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Currently,several studies have demonstrated the benefits of medicinal plants in managing type 2 diabetes.In this work,we evaluated the beneficial effects of the polyphenolic extract(PESB)from Salvia blancoana subsp.mesatlan-tica in the management of hypercaloric-feeding and small-dose alloxan-brought type 2 diabetes in rats.We analyzed the chemical constituents of the extract,including flavones and flavonols content,to understand its biological action.The antioxidant activities were evaluated by total antioxidant action,scavenging effect of the free radical DPPH,and reducing power.The obtained results showed that the value of TFC was estimated at 31.90±0.34 mgEQ/g in the PESB extract.The total antioxidant capacity was estimated at 593.51±4.09 mg(EAA)/g,the value of DPPH IC50 was 7.3±0.00μg/mL,and the value of EC50 of reducing power was estimated at 6.43±0.01μg/mL.In total,14 phenolic compounds were identified and the naringin was the most dominant(63.19%)while the vanillin was the less recorded(0.10%).Serum glucose decreased significantly(p<0.05)in rats given PESB(100 mg/kg)after four weeks.Glibenclamide(GLB)and PESB reduced HbA1c and increased plasma insulin in diabetic rats,restoring HOMA-βand HOMA-IR levels to near-normal.Additionally,diabetic rats treated with GLB or PESB showed statistically equivalent results to those of non-diabetic rats regarding hepatic enzymes,renal and lipid markers,as well as cardiovascular indices.The weight loss was significantly lower in diabetic rats receiving a dose of PESB(100 mg/kg),and GLB compared to corresponding untreated diabetic rats(p<0.01).PESB and GLB showed a prominent protective function in the pancreas,liver,and kidney tissues.This investigation demonstrates the capacity of extracts from leaves of S.blancoana subsp.mesatlantica to manage diabetes mellitus due to their richness in a wide range of bioactive compounds.Therefore,more investigations are required to estimate the safety of the plant use.
文摘Sex expression in Sagittaria guyanensis H.B.K. subsp. lappula (D. Don) Bojin is typically andromonoecious while the other species in the same genus are basically monoecious. The evolutionary advantages of male flowers and hermaphrodite flowers in S. guyanensis subsp. lappula were assessed by measuring sex allocation and pollen movements in two wild populations of the species. Two cultivated populations served as controls. The percentage of male flowers was very low in the two wild populations in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province and Wuyishan, Fujian Province, viz., 2.48% and 0.96% respectively. In the two cultivated populations, male flower percentage significantly increased when the soil was of higher nutrient content. This indicates that the allocation to male versus female reproduction might change in response to environmental factors. Pollen production per male flower was 4.1 times higher than that of a hermaphrodite flower. The floral shape and size of male and hermaphrodite flowers were similar. No difference was observed between these dimorphological flowers in pollen germination rate in vitro and in the speed of pollen tube growth in vivo . Anthesis was only 4-5 h. Male flowers usually opened 0.5 h earlier than hermaphrodite flowers. An unexpected finding was that no pollen from the male flowers was found on the stigmas of the hermaphrodite flowers, in spite of the occasional visits by insects to both types of flowers in both wild and control populations. A consistent pattern of fruit development was found to exist in open pollinated flowers as well as in flowers that had been bagged. The sex ratios did not have significant influence on fruit set. Approximately 25% of the pistils in a gynoecium failed to develop into fruits because no pollen was deposited on them, indicating that the fruit set of this andromonoecious plant is mainly affected by pollen limitation rather than resource limitation. Reproduction in S. guyanensis subsp. lappula in the habitats was dependent on self_pollination in hermaphrodite flowers. The male flowers in this species might be a potential source of additional pollination and may facilitate cross_pollination. The fact that the flowers of monoecious species in Sagittaria pollinated by a wide diversity of insect visitors may contribute enormously to the diversification of sex expression in this genus.
基金Supported by Special Program of National Science and Technology Basic Work (2008FY210200)Special Program of Gansu Agricultural Biotechnology (GNSW-2005-16)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae in Qinghai Province. [Method] By using indirect hemagglutination test kit for detecting Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae,208 goat serums were detected. [Result] The positive rate of goat sera was 16.3%,and the positive rate of sera from different regions ranged from 6.7% to 24.3%. [Conclusion] The infection rate of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae was high in Qinghai Province,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of this disease.
文摘AIM: The aqueous methanolic extracts of two plants from Algeria, Helichrysum stoechas subsp. rupestre and Phagnalon saxatile subsp. saxatile, were investigated for their antioxidant activity. METHOD: Total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were determined by spectrophotometric techniques..In vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging profiling was determined by spectrophotometric methods, through: Total antioxidant capacity, and radical scavenging effects by the DPPH and ABTS methods, reducing and chelating power, and blanching inhibition of the β-carotene. RESULTS: All of the extracts showed interesting antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. The highest contents in phenolics, tannins, and the highest total antioxidant capacity as gallic acid equivalents of 97.5 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g DW was obtained for the flowers of H. stoechas subsp. rupestre extract in the phosphomolybdenum assay. An extract of the leafy stems of P. saxatile subsp. saxatile revealed the highest content of flavonoids, and the highest antioxidant activity by the radical scavenging and β-carotene assays when compared with standards. The best activity was by the scavenging radical DPPH with an IC50 value of 5.65 ± 0.10 μg·mL-1. CONCLUSION: The studied medicinal plants could provide scientific evidence for some traditional uses in the treatment of diseases related to the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and oxidative stress.
文摘A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentianaceae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> idistributes</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distributes itself </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.
文摘A new lignan glycoside, named （7S,8R,8＇R）-（-）-lariciresinol-9-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1-2） 13-D-glucopyranoside （1）,was isolated from the ethanol extract ofPilea cavaleriei Levi subsp, cavaleriei, together with 17 known lignans （2-18）. The structuresof these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.All the compounds were obtained from the genus Pilea for the first time.
