Using films by Patricia Rozema and Igmar Bergman,“Lowering Human Hubris into the Sublime”reminds the reader that the particular in our lives is where the sublime performs.While we multitask and take for granted the ...Using films by Patricia Rozema and Igmar Bergman,“Lowering Human Hubris into the Sublime”reminds the reader that the particular in our lives is where the sublime performs.While we multitask and take for granted the world around us that supports our mythic assumptions,the particular objects and lives are actively present.In the two movies,the particular functions as a source of the sublime reminder and source of metaphor for stability and atrophy in everyday living.In one film an artist focuses the ordinary objects in everyday life while being disregarded by artists involved in the abstract.In the second film the particular behind the scenes works quietly to dismantle cultural beliefs for the people living the soon to be dated beliefs where opportunities for more inclusive community reside.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of sublimed sulfur and acaricide on controlling bee mites.[Method] Three independent experiments were carried out in the same apiary during 2007-2009.[Results] The r...[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of sublimed sulfur and acaricide on controlling bee mites.[Method] Three independent experiments were carried out in the same apiary during 2007-2009.[Results] The results showed that this method is effective in eliminating mites settled on combs or hidden during pupae phase,but not in controlling the mites parasitized on adult bees.The control effect on killing Varroa destructor after treated appeared optimal in the first day and then decreased,and that on killing Tvopilaelaps clareae happened in the second day.The results indicated that the effect would be much better if the bees can be treated 1 time to 2 times again in the following 2-5 days after the first treatment.Back to data pool,we found that the treatment of sublimed sulfur paired with acaricide is effective in controlling V.destructor and T.clareae.[Conclusion] This technique could facilitate the apicultural production in the regions suffered from V.destructor and T.clareae.展开更多
This essay briefly discusses different reflections of western and Chinese philosophy towards sea in poems.By the comparison of the evaluation of sea in Chinese and English poems,this essay reaches the conclusion that ...This essay briefly discusses different reflections of western and Chinese philosophy towards sea in poems.By the comparison of the evaluation of sea in Chinese and English poems,this essay reaches the conclusion that both cultures have sublime understanding towards sea.展开更多
Moby-Dick, a great masterpiece by Herman Melville, is acclaimed as an epic of the sea such as no man has equaled. This thesis focuses on Ahab and the aesthetic sublime in Moby Dick. Ahab proves himself to be a figure ...Moby-Dick, a great masterpiece by Herman Melville, is acclaimed as an epic of the sea such as no man has equaled. This thesis focuses on Ahab and the aesthetic sublime in Moby Dick. Ahab proves himself to be a figure of the aesthetic sublime in his chasing and fighting against the giant whale.展开更多
As great philosophers and aesthetes who have significant influence on the ushering and development of the term ＂sublime＂, both Longinus and Edmund Burke have their respectively elaboration on sublime that not only h...As great philosophers and aesthetes who have significant influence on the ushering and development of the term ＂sublime＂, both Longinus and Edmund Burke have their respectively elaboration on sublime that not only has inner connection but some sheer difference. The aim of this thesis is to interpret the inheritance of Burke to Longinus through the comparison between their attitudes on sublime through doxologie of comparative literature, and it mainly focuses on the point of view, major concern, composing elements and interconnecting aesthetic essence between them.展开更多
The critical nature of artwork is owed, according to Adorno, to the fact that it opposes its assimilation by reason and that it does not yield to the imposition of its established principles. This character which Heid...The critical nature of artwork is owed, according to Adorno, to the fact that it opposes its assimilation by reason and that it does not yield to the imposition of its established principles. This character which Heidegger, too, through a paradoxical convergence with Adorno, and in opposition to Lukacs, recognizes as its ontological component, permits the work of art to represent a force of resistance to dominance in general, in the prospect of the salvation of a humanized society. As such, it makes possible the radical rejection of political and, pertinent to it, pedagogical activity, when converted into primarily authoritiarian activity. Such a responsibility does art assume, according to Adorno, when it represents a spirituality, which is embodied in exemplary fashion both in the work of art itself, making the experience of the sublime possible, and in the aesthetic of the sublime, which is concentrated intensively on whatever remains unapproachable through concepts. In this way, we could say that the aesthetic of the sublime is converted into ＂first philosophy,＂ in the sense that it provides the rule for every theoretical approach. Concurring with this reading of Adorno, we consider how the sublime, as shown in the context of his aesthetic theory, is governed, furthermore, by a paideutic principle of exceptional significance, which we must necessarily activate through aesthetic education, so that western man may understand that he must uproot himself from the nihilistic social context in which he lives, rupturing the delusion of his omnipotence. In a world governed by a permanent crisis of democracy in public and private life, since the weakening of political imagination unites with the retreat from political ethos and an generalization of the unprecedented will for dominance, we consider this aesthetic theory to be exceptionally essential and useful to us both as pedagogical theory and as political theory, since it allows us to understand that the experience of the sublime through art is in opposition to this condition of destruction, and indeed represents the ideal of justice.展开更多
Mary Shelley, a British famous female writer in the 19th century, wrote Frankenstein in 1818, which was regarded as a noted classic gothic fiction. The gothic style enriches the connotation of the novel and endows her...Mary Shelley, a British famous female writer in the 19th century, wrote Frankenstein in 1818, which was regarded as a noted classic gothic fiction. The gothic style enriches the connotation of the novel and endows her works with a mysterious sublimity in such a way as to carry gothic novels into a new stage of development. This article attempts to analyze the gothic sublime of Frankenstein commencing from sublime theories of Longinus, Burke and Kant and the definition of he father of gothic novels Horace Walpole＇s ＂gothic＂. The study finds that the gothic sublime of Frankenstein is mainly embodied in three aspects as ugliness, the production of the monster and the torture by an endless terror展开更多
Known for her unconventional approach to shaping feminist aesthetics through writing,Virginia Woolf portrays a woman painter’s quest for autonomy in the novel To the Lighthouse.Critics have probed Woolf’s insightful...Known for her unconventional approach to shaping feminist aesthetics through writing,Virginia Woolf portrays a woman painter’s quest for autonomy in the novel To the Lighthouse.Critics have probed Woolf’s insightful rewriting of the sublime from different angles,but systemic research into her innovative refashioning of the feminine sublime in her novels remains inadequate.Applying the classic and feminist theories on the sublime and beauty,the article investigates how Woolf reimagines a new sublime mode for Lily Briscoe.The article first focuses on how Virginia Woolf writes her personal life into Lily Briscoe’s quest for the feminine sublime:the archetypal mother’s beauty haunts the woman artist until she works out a new pattern that redefines the position of beauty and sublimity.It then examines Lily’s first step to challenge the traditional aesthetics of beauty by embracing her heterogeneity;namely,by accepting her ambivalent attitudes towards Mrs.Ramsay’s maternity,she empowers the inner self oppressed by the patriarchal society.Furthermore,Lily enriches the feminine sublime by breaking beyond the subject–object binary and succeeding in building intersubjectivity between her and Mrs.Ramsay,and her and Mr.Ramsay.The article concludes that to attain autonomy,Lily Briscoe builds her feminine sublime by cultivating her heterogeneity and subjectifying the Other.It further reveals that through the portrayal of Lily in To the Lighthouse,Woolf conveys her rebellion against the beauty fashioned within patriarchal discourse and promotes the new sublime for women artists like herself.展开更多
The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China,originally named Poetry,and is one of the Five Classics.Whether in terms of themes,thoughts and emotions,language skills,as well as in artistic images and ex...The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China,originally named Poetry,and is one of the Five Classics.Whether in terms of themes,thoughts and emotions,language skills,as well as in artistic images and expression methods,it has shown the great achievements of China’s earliest poetry works and has produced a profound influence on Chinese culture and literature.It not only has recorded the various aspects of the society of that time,but also opens the door to many literary studies.There is no need to argue about its status and significance.In the West,about twelve centuries after the creation of the first poem collected in The Book of Songs,there lived a literary theorist who has performed a great influence on western literature.He was Longinus,the author of On the Sublime.By comparing the aesthetic ideas of Longinus and the artistic characteristics of The Book of Songs,we are surprised to find that The Book of Songs is a paragon of the sublime described by Longinus.展开更多
Metadiscourse is a significant method in revealing audience awareness,but related studies have been confined to linguistic markers and current writing analyses.This essay aims to enrich metadiscourse engagement in par...Metadiscourse is a significant method in revealing audience awareness,but related studies have been confined to linguistic markers and current writing analyses.This essay aims to enrich metadiscourse engagement in particular with certain rhetorical figures and to investigate audience awareness in a highly acclaimed Roman-era Greek classic:Longinus'On the Sublime.Drawing from a refined framework of engagement,we find explicit evidence of audience aware-ness as manifested in the author's use of engagement markers.We have sorted these markers into four types,including reader mentions(apostrophe and pro-nouns),directives(modal verbs and imperatives),questions(erotema and rogatio),and appeals to shared knowledge(emphasizers and comment clauses).We sug-gest that the frequent use of these engagement markers,in particular reader mentions,could be taken as evidence of the author's strong audience awareness and the cueing effect in facilitating perception.This integration of rhetorical fig-ures into the metadiscourse engagement markers contributes to the audience awareness analysis in a more explicit and comprehensive way.展开更多
In this work, comprehensive studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole(2,4DNAN) were carried out using powder thermorentgenography of the internal standard. The time of the complete polymorphic transition in the solid phase β→a ...In this work, comprehensive studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole(2,4DNAN) were carried out using powder thermorentgenography of the internal standard. The time of the complete polymorphic transition in the solid phase β→a in 2,4DNAN under various combinations of conditions has been determined. It has been established that, regardless of the season of manufacture of the substance, when it is stored for 8-9months, with a change in ambient temperature from minus 30℃ to plus 30℃, a complete polymorphic transition β→a occurs. When stored in conditions below minus 5℃, polymorphic transition does not occur. When stored in conditions above plus 30℃ in a closed container, polymorphic transition occurs within 3 weeks. The polymorphic transition is accompanied by a decrease in density by 1.3%-1.5% and an increase in melting temperature by 10-12℃, depending on the degree of purity of the starting substance. The activation energy of the molecular rearrangement was 68-70 k J/mol(16.5 ± 3 kcal/mol). The mechanism of polymorphic transition has been evaluated, which is presumably based on internal homodiffusion and energy transfer to the surface of the mass of powder particles and the product. The average activation energy of the polymorphic transition process was 110 ± 6.2 k J/mol(26.2 kcal/mol). In an open container, reactions proceed by a homogeneous mechanism, and in a closed container by a heterogeneous mechanism involving the gas phase.展开更多
Crystallization,while a common process in nature,remains one of the most mysterious phenomena.Understanding its physical mechanisms is essential for obtaining high-quality crystals.Typically,crystals grown by thermal ...Crystallization,while a common process in nature,remains one of the most mysterious phenomena.Understanding its physical mechanisms is essential for obtaining high-quality crystals.Typically,crystals grown by thermal evaporation or sublimation nucleate the substrate facing the evaporation source.Here,a novel vapor micro-turbulence mass transport mechanism in the growth process of ultrathin BiOCl single crystals has been revealed.In this mechanism,the precursor vapor bypasses the solid substrate,forming micro-turbulent vaporizing flows to nucleate on the surface of the substrate facing away from the evaporation source.Considering nucleation kinetics,fast shear flows are known to cause secondary nucleation,increasing nucleation quantity while decreasing the final size of the crystals.Thus,the nucleation and growth process of BiOCl crystals are controlled by adjusting the micro-turbulence intensity to reduce shear flow energy and dilate phase distribution,resulting in BiOCl crystals with uniform distribution and regular shape.Subsequent structural and morphological characterization confirms the high crystallization quality of the obtained crystals,and the performance of the constructed solar-blind photodetectors is comparable to that of similar devices.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of vapor mass transport and crystal growth techniques and may be useful for applications related to metal oxide crystals.展开更多
A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel...A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.展开更多
The essay applies Edmund Burke's theory about the "sublime" and the "beautiful" to the reversal of the dominant and subordinate roles of the husband and the wife in The Merchant's Tale. Bur...The essay applies Edmund Burke's theory about the "sublime" and the "beautiful" to the reversal of the dominant and subordinate roles of the husband and the wife in The Merchant's Tale. Burk's concept of "the soft power", expounded as physical and sexual charm and enchantment, enables May successfully manipulates her husband January and the adulterer Damian, beneath her apparent passivity.展开更多
Yeats' lyrics of sublimation is one of his major concerns in his later years. Sublimation for Yeats is essentially the transmutation and elevation of bitterness and tragic facts of being into happiness, into tranq...Yeats' lyrics of sublimation is one of his major concerns in his later years. Sublimation for Yeats is essentially the transmutation and elevation of bitterness and tragic facts of being into happiness, into tranquility of mind, then into the emotionless emotion, as Yeats names it as "innocence". The process of sublimation enriches the creativity of Yeats as artist when he is confronted with severity of aging spiritually and physically.展开更多
Carbon-sulfur nano-composite cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating su...Carbon-sulfur nano-composite cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon (HSAAC) in certain conditions. Equivalent circuits were used to fit the spectra at different discharge states. The variations of impedance spectra, charge-transfer resistance and double layer capacitance were discussed. The changes of EIS with potential were analyzed based on a plausible electrical equivalent circuit model, and some parameters were measured and analyzed about electrochemical performance and state of charge and discharge of the electrode. The good accuracy in fitting values of the model to the experimental data indicates that the mathematical model gives out a satisfying description upon the mechanism of high rate of capacity fade in lithium-sulfur battery.展开更多
The globalization has a particular relation to the climate change, and conversely, the climate change also has a particular relation to the globalization. They live and exist together and often they are mentioned toge...The globalization has a particular relation to the climate change, and conversely, the climate change also has a particular relation to the globalization. They live and exist together and often they are mentioned together. It is however clear that the globalization can exist problemless without the climate change, while this can also be declared from the climate change. Nature and society have always been in a secret dialogue with each other, forming visible and invisible oppositions, taking over the role of the other and embodying universal values for the other side. Actually, we have an important change in the secret dialog. It is not about the fact, that this change is historical in the history of the nature. Until now, we protected the nature against the society, now we must also protect the society against the nature. The decisive change is the transformation of the idea of the nature protection in a practice of the mutual and double protection of the nature and the society.展开更多
Born of the America of 1960s, performance art comes along as a celebration of presentation rather than re-presentation, as a display form of art, and an art form that does not admit of duplication. This paper presents...Born of the America of 1960s, performance art comes along as a celebration of presentation rather than re-presentation, as a display form of art, and an art form that does not admit of duplication. This paper presents a reading of the seductive power of performance art as rooted in our theatrical nature. I will address performance art as an emancipated form of the theatrical, where by ＂theatrical＂ I mean a specific mode of presentation and a specific mode of perception： the mode of presentation of the self to the social and the mode of perception of the self through the social. Performance art, I will argue, is hardly an anomaly of our time. Rather, its source of disturbance and fascination lies in the natural, though excessive manifestation of our theatrical nature. By its appeal to the shocking, the perilous, or the mundane even, this form of art confirms what Paul Woodruff has addressed as ＂the necessity of watching and being watched.＂ Performance art shows us the danger of self-presentation, the recognition of the other gaze as the self＇s greatest need and greatest fear. It needs no words. Mere action is more seductive than speech and does not accept speech in return. Once it has been performed, it is no longer. In Nietzsche＇s words, it celebrates the fleeting moment＇s ＂greatest weight.＂ As Samuel Beckett used to tell his actors, performance artists seem to tell their spectators： ＂Go on failing. Go on. Only next time, try to fail better.＂展开更多
文摘Using films by Patricia Rozema and Igmar Bergman,“Lowering Human Hubris into the Sublime”reminds the reader that the particular in our lives is where the sublime performs.While we multitask and take for granted the world around us that supports our mythic assumptions,the particular objects and lives are actively present.In the two movies,the particular functions as a source of the sublime reminder and source of metaphor for stability and atrophy in everyday living.In one film an artist focuses the ordinary objects in everyday life while being disregarded by artists involved in the abstract.In the second film the particular behind the scenes works quietly to dismantle cultural beliefs for the people living the soon to be dated beliefs where opportunities for more inclusive community reside.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(NYCYTX-43-syz3)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to compare the effects of sublimed sulfur and acaricide on controlling bee mites.[Method] Three independent experiments were carried out in the same apiary during 2007-2009.[Results] The results showed that this method is effective in eliminating mites settled on combs or hidden during pupae phase,but not in controlling the mites parasitized on adult bees.The control effect on killing Varroa destructor after treated appeared optimal in the first day and then decreased,and that on killing Tvopilaelaps clareae happened in the second day.The results indicated that the effect would be much better if the bees can be treated 1 time to 2 times again in the following 2-5 days after the first treatment.Back to data pool,we found that the treatment of sublimed sulfur paired with acaricide is effective in controlling V.destructor and T.clareae.[Conclusion] This technique could facilitate the apicultural production in the regions suffered from V.destructor and T.clareae.
文摘This essay briefly discusses different reflections of western and Chinese philosophy towards sea in poems.By the comparison of the evaluation of sea in Chinese and English poems,this essay reaches the conclusion that both cultures have sublime understanding towards sea.
文摘Moby-Dick, a great masterpiece by Herman Melville, is acclaimed as an epic of the sea such as no man has equaled. This thesis focuses on Ahab and the aesthetic sublime in Moby Dick. Ahab proves himself to be a figure of the aesthetic sublime in his chasing and fighting against the giant whale.
文摘As great philosophers and aesthetes who have significant influence on the ushering and development of the term ＂sublime＂, both Longinus and Edmund Burke have their respectively elaboration on sublime that not only has inner connection but some sheer difference. The aim of this thesis is to interpret the inheritance of Burke to Longinus through the comparison between their attitudes on sublime through doxologie of comparative literature, and it mainly focuses on the point of view, major concern, composing elements and interconnecting aesthetic essence between them.
文摘The critical nature of artwork is owed, according to Adorno, to the fact that it opposes its assimilation by reason and that it does not yield to the imposition of its established principles. This character which Heidegger, too, through a paradoxical convergence with Adorno, and in opposition to Lukacs, recognizes as its ontological component, permits the work of art to represent a force of resistance to dominance in general, in the prospect of the salvation of a humanized society. As such, it makes possible the radical rejection of political and, pertinent to it, pedagogical activity, when converted into primarily authoritiarian activity. Such a responsibility does art assume, according to Adorno, when it represents a spirituality, which is embodied in exemplary fashion both in the work of art itself, making the experience of the sublime possible, and in the aesthetic of the sublime, which is concentrated intensively on whatever remains unapproachable through concepts. In this way, we could say that the aesthetic of the sublime is converted into ＂first philosophy,＂ in the sense that it provides the rule for every theoretical approach. Concurring with this reading of Adorno, we consider how the sublime, as shown in the context of his aesthetic theory, is governed, furthermore, by a paideutic principle of exceptional significance, which we must necessarily activate through aesthetic education, so that western man may understand that he must uproot himself from the nihilistic social context in which he lives, rupturing the delusion of his omnipotence. In a world governed by a permanent crisis of democracy in public and private life, since the weakening of political imagination unites with the retreat from political ethos and an generalization of the unprecedented will for dominance, we consider this aesthetic theory to be exceptionally essential and useful to us both as pedagogical theory and as political theory, since it allows us to understand that the experience of the sublime through art is in opposition to this condition of destruction, and indeed represents the ideal of justice.
文摘Mary Shelley, a British famous female writer in the 19th century, wrote Frankenstein in 1818, which was regarded as a noted classic gothic fiction. The gothic style enriches the connotation of the novel and endows her works with a mysterious sublimity in such a way as to carry gothic novels into a new stage of development. This article attempts to analyze the gothic sublime of Frankenstein commencing from sublime theories of Longinus, Burke and Kant and the definition of he father of gothic novels Horace Walpole＇s ＂gothic＂. The study finds that the gothic sublime of Frankenstein is mainly embodied in three aspects as ugliness, the production of the monster and the torture by an endless terror
文摘Known for her unconventional approach to shaping feminist aesthetics through writing,Virginia Woolf portrays a woman painter’s quest for autonomy in the novel To the Lighthouse.Critics have probed Woolf’s insightful rewriting of the sublime from different angles,but systemic research into her innovative refashioning of the feminine sublime in her novels remains inadequate.Applying the classic and feminist theories on the sublime and beauty,the article investigates how Woolf reimagines a new sublime mode for Lily Briscoe.The article first focuses on how Virginia Woolf writes her personal life into Lily Briscoe’s quest for the feminine sublime:the archetypal mother’s beauty haunts the woman artist until she works out a new pattern that redefines the position of beauty and sublimity.It then examines Lily’s first step to challenge the traditional aesthetics of beauty by embracing her heterogeneity;namely,by accepting her ambivalent attitudes towards Mrs.Ramsay’s maternity,she empowers the inner self oppressed by the patriarchal society.Furthermore,Lily enriches the feminine sublime by breaking beyond the subject–object binary and succeeding in building intersubjectivity between her and Mrs.Ramsay,and her and Mr.Ramsay.The article concludes that to attain autonomy,Lily Briscoe builds her feminine sublime by cultivating her heterogeneity and subjectifying the Other.It further reveals that through the portrayal of Lily in To the Lighthouse,Woolf conveys her rebellion against the beauty fashioned within patriarchal discourse and promotes the new sublime for women artists like herself.
文摘The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China,originally named Poetry,and is one of the Five Classics.Whether in terms of themes,thoughts and emotions,language skills,as well as in artistic images and expression methods,it has shown the great achievements of China’s earliest poetry works and has produced a profound influence on Chinese culture and literature.It not only has recorded the various aspects of the society of that time,but also opens the door to many literary studies.There is no need to argue about its status and significance.In the West,about twelve centuries after the creation of the first poem collected in The Book of Songs,there lived a literary theorist who has performed a great influence on western literature.He was Longinus,the author of On the Sublime.By comparing the aesthetic ideas of Longinus and the artistic characteristics of The Book of Songs,we are surprised to find that The Book of Songs is a paragon of the sublime described by Longinus.
文摘Metadiscourse is a significant method in revealing audience awareness,but related studies have been confined to linguistic markers and current writing analyses.This essay aims to enrich metadiscourse engagement in particular with certain rhetorical figures and to investigate audience awareness in a highly acclaimed Roman-era Greek classic:Longinus'On the Sublime.Drawing from a refined framework of engagement,we find explicit evidence of audience aware-ness as manifested in the author's use of engagement markers.We have sorted these markers into four types,including reader mentions(apostrophe and pro-nouns),directives(modal verbs and imperatives),questions(erotema and rogatio),and appeals to shared knowledge(emphasizers and comment clauses).We sug-gest that the frequent use of these engagement markers,in particular reader mentions,could be taken as evidence of the author's strong audience awareness and the cueing effect in facilitating perception.This integration of rhetorical fig-ures into the metadiscourse engagement markers contributes to the audience awareness analysis in a more explicit and comprehensive way.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Agreement with Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS Grant No.075-15-2020-803).
文摘In this work, comprehensive studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole(2,4DNAN) were carried out using powder thermorentgenography of the internal standard. The time of the complete polymorphic transition in the solid phase β→a in 2,4DNAN under various combinations of conditions has been determined. It has been established that, regardless of the season of manufacture of the substance, when it is stored for 8-9months, with a change in ambient temperature from minus 30℃ to plus 30℃, a complete polymorphic transition β→a occurs. When stored in conditions below minus 5℃, polymorphic transition does not occur. When stored in conditions above plus 30℃ in a closed container, polymorphic transition occurs within 3 weeks. The polymorphic transition is accompanied by a decrease in density by 1.3%-1.5% and an increase in melting temperature by 10-12℃, depending on the degree of purity of the starting substance. The activation energy of the molecular rearrangement was 68-70 k J/mol(16.5 ± 3 kcal/mol). The mechanism of polymorphic transition has been evaluated, which is presumably based on internal homodiffusion and energy transfer to the surface of the mass of powder particles and the product. The average activation energy of the polymorphic transition process was 110 ± 6.2 k J/mol(26.2 kcal/mol). In an open container, reactions proceed by a homogeneous mechanism, and in a closed container by a heterogeneous mechanism involving the gas phase.
基金financially supported by Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Nos.2023ZB695 and 2023ZB167)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M742557 and 2023M742561)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372055)the Basic Research Development Program of Suzhou(No.SJC2023004)Jiangsu Independent Innovation Fund Project of Agricultural Science and Technology(No.CX(21)3163)。
文摘Crystallization,while a common process in nature,remains one of the most mysterious phenomena.Understanding its physical mechanisms is essential for obtaining high-quality crystals.Typically,crystals grown by thermal evaporation or sublimation nucleate the substrate facing the evaporation source.Here,a novel vapor micro-turbulence mass transport mechanism in the growth process of ultrathin BiOCl single crystals has been revealed.In this mechanism,the precursor vapor bypasses the solid substrate,forming micro-turbulent vaporizing flows to nucleate on the surface of the substrate facing away from the evaporation source.Considering nucleation kinetics,fast shear flows are known to cause secondary nucleation,increasing nucleation quantity while decreasing the final size of the crystals.Thus,the nucleation and growth process of BiOCl crystals are controlled by adjusting the micro-turbulence intensity to reduce shear flow energy and dilate phase distribution,resulting in BiOCl crystals with uniform distribution and regular shape.Subsequent structural and morphological characterization confirms the high crystallization quality of the obtained crystals,and the performance of the constructed solar-blind photodetectors is comparable to that of similar devices.These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of vapor mass transport and crystal growth techniques and may be useful for applications related to metal oxide crystals.
基金the Science and Technique Key Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2003A1100101,2003C105006)
文摘A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.
文摘The essay applies Edmund Burke's theory about the "sublime" and the "beautiful" to the reversal of the dominant and subordinate roles of the husband and the wife in The Merchant's Tale. Burk's concept of "the soft power", expounded as physical and sexual charm and enchantment, enables May successfully manipulates her husband January and the adulterer Damian, beneath her apparent passivity.
文摘Yeats' lyrics of sublimation is one of his major concerns in his later years. Sublimation for Yeats is essentially the transmutation and elevation of bitterness and tragic facts of being into happiness, into tranquility of mind, then into the emotionless emotion, as Yeats names it as "innocence". The process of sublimation enriches the creativity of Yeats as artist when he is confronted with severity of aging spiritually and physically.
文摘Carbon-sulfur nano-composite cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon (HSAAC) in certain conditions. Equivalent circuits were used to fit the spectra at different discharge states. The variations of impedance spectra, charge-transfer resistance and double layer capacitance were discussed. The changes of EIS with potential were analyzed based on a plausible electrical equivalent circuit model, and some parameters were measured and analyzed about electrochemical performance and state of charge and discharge of the electrode. The good accuracy in fitting values of the model to the experimental data indicates that the mathematical model gives out a satisfying description upon the mechanism of high rate of capacity fade in lithium-sulfur battery.
文摘The globalization has a particular relation to the climate change, and conversely, the climate change also has a particular relation to the globalization. They live and exist together and often they are mentioned together. It is however clear that the globalization can exist problemless without the climate change, while this can also be declared from the climate change. Nature and society have always been in a secret dialogue with each other, forming visible and invisible oppositions, taking over the role of the other and embodying universal values for the other side. Actually, we have an important change in the secret dialog. It is not about the fact, that this change is historical in the history of the nature. Until now, we protected the nature against the society, now we must also protect the society against the nature. The decisive change is the transformation of the idea of the nature protection in a practice of the mutual and double protection of the nature and the society.
文摘Born of the America of 1960s, performance art comes along as a celebration of presentation rather than re-presentation, as a display form of art, and an art form that does not admit of duplication. This paper presents a reading of the seductive power of performance art as rooted in our theatrical nature. I will address performance art as an emancipated form of the theatrical, where by ＂theatrical＂ I mean a specific mode of presentation and a specific mode of perception： the mode of presentation of the self to the social and the mode of perception of the self through the social. Performance art, I will argue, is hardly an anomaly of our time. Rather, its source of disturbance and fascination lies in the natural, though excessive manifestation of our theatrical nature. By its appeal to the shocking, the perilous, or the mundane even, this form of art confirms what Paul Woodruff has addressed as ＂the necessity of watching and being watched.＂ Performance art shows us the danger of self-presentation, the recognition of the other gaze as the self＇s greatest need and greatest fear. It needs no words. Mere action is more seductive than speech and does not accept speech in return. Once it has been performed, it is no longer. In Nietzsche＇s words, it celebrates the fleeting moment＇s ＂greatest weight.＂ As Samuel Beckett used to tell his actors, performance artists seem to tell their spectators： ＂Go on failing. Go on. Only next time, try to fail better.＂
