The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first i...The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.展开更多
Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effe...Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effective rockburst control. In this study, the squeezing behavior of the surrounding rock is analyzed in rockburst roadways, and a mechanical model of rockbursts is established considering the dynamic support stress, thus deriving formulas and providing characteristic curves for describing the interaction between the support and surrounding rock. Design principles and parameters of supports for rockburst control are proposed. The results show that only when the geostress magnitude exceeds a critical value can it drive the formation of rockburst conditions. The main factors influencing the convergence response and rockburst occurrence around roadways are geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and roadway excavation size. Roadway support devices can play a role in controlling rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of the surrounding rock towards instability points of rockburst. Further, the higher the strength and the longer the impact stroke of support devices with constant resistance, the more easily multiple balance points can be formed with the surrounding rock to control rockburst occurrence. Supports with long impact stroke allow adaptation to varying geostress levels around the roadway, aiding in rockburst control. The results offer a quantitative method for designing support systems for rockburst-prone roadways. The design criterion of supports is determined by the intersection between the convergence curve of the surrounding rock and the squeezing deformation curve of the support devices.展开更多
Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil...Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.展开更多
This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven second...This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.展开更多
Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from...Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations.Here,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning channel.We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes.These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection.These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.展开更多
Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3...Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.展开更多
Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the informa...Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the information on the seismic behavior of joints of space frames(3D joints)is insufficient.The 3D joints are subjected to bi-directional excitation,which results in an interaction between the shear strength obtained for the joint in the two orthogonal directions separately.The bi-directional seismic behavior of corner reinforced concrete(RC)joints is the focus of this study.First,a detailed finite element(FE)model using the FE software Abaqus,is developed and validated using the test results from the literature.The validated modeling procedure is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the influence of different parameters such as concrete strength,dimensions of main and transverse beams framing into the joint,presence or absence of a slab,axial load ratio and loading direction on the seismic behavior of joints.By subjecting the models to different combinations of loads on the beams along perpendicular directions,the interaction of the joint shear strength in two orthogonal directions is studied.The comparison of the interaction curves of the joints obtained from the numerical study with a quadratic(circular)interaction curve indicates that in a majority of cases,the quadratic interaction model can represent the strength interaction diagrams of RC beam to column connections with governing joint shear failure reasonably well.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore if Hewei Jiangni granule(和胃降逆颗粒,HWJNG)could regulate esophageal hypersensitivity via stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1)pat...OBJECTIVE:To explore if Hewei Jiangni granule(和胃降逆颗粒,HWJNG)could regulate esophageal hypersensitivity via stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1)pathway.METHODS:Qualitative analysis of HWJNG was analysis by high performance of liquid and gas chromatography.In vivo,animal model of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)was established by fructose intake and restraint stress.HWJNG and Omeprazole were administered by gavage to the drug intervention group.Reflux and visceral hypersensitivity were analyzed by pathological changes,PH value test,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold,thermal withdrawal latency and mast cells(MCs)degranulation.In vitro,substance P(SP)-induced P815 cells and dorsal root ganglion(DRG)cells were cocultured.Expression in both mice and cells of STIM1,TRPV1,and esophageal visceral hypersensitivity-related gastrointestinal neurochemicals were validated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot.Moreover,overexpression and small interfering RNA against STIM1 were utilized to verify of the role of HWJNG in DRG cells.RESULTS:HWJNG significantly suppressed intercellular space widening,injury of mitochondrial,MCs degranulation,mechanical allodynia and heat neuropathic sensory and increased pH value of esophageal mucosa in NERD mice.HWJNG inhibited expression of visceral hypersensitivityrelated gastrointestinal neurochemicals in esophageal mucosa and activated P815 cells,and expression of the STIM1,TRPV1 and related neurotransmitters in DRG and DRG cells.STIM1 siRNA and HWJNG both reduced P815 cells adhesion to DRGs cells and Ca2+flow into the cytoplasmic space of DRG cells.Furthermore,HWJNG could reversed STIM1 overexpression induced upregulation of TRPV1.CONCLUSION:HWJNG suppressed intercellular space widening in NERD mice,stabilized MCs and restored neuronal hyperexcitability by regulating visceral hypersensitivity via STIM1/TRPV1 pathway.展开更多
Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence,bone-brain interaction has emerged as a research hotspot,unveiling complex bidirectional communication between bone and brain.Studies indic...Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence,bone-brain interaction has emerged as a research hotspot,unveiling complex bidirectional communication between bone and brain.Studies indicate that bone and brain can influence each other’s homeostasis via multiple pathways,yet there is a dearth of systematic reviews in this area.This review comprehensively examines interactions across three key areas:the influence of bone-derived factors on brain function,the effects of brain-related diseases or injuries(BRDI)on bone health,and the concept of skeletal interoception.Additionally,the review discusses innovative approaches in biomaterial design inspired by bone-brain interaction mechanisms,aiming to facilitate bonebrain interactions through materiobiological effects to aid in the treatment of neurodegenerative and bone-related diseases.Notably,the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)in biomaterial design is highlighted,showcasing AI’s role in expediting the formulation of effective and targeted treatment strategies.In conclusion,this review offers vital insights into the mechanisms of bone-brain interaction and suggests advanced approaches to harness these interactions in clinical practice.These insights offer promising avenues for preventing and treating complex diseases impacting the skeleton and brain,underscoring the potential of interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing human health.展开更多
Ice-going ships play a crucial role in polar transportation and resource extraction.Different from the existing modeling approach which assumes that ships remain stationary,dynamic overset grid technology and DFBI(Dyn...Ice-going ships play a crucial role in polar transportation and resource extraction.Different from the existing modeling approach which assumes that ships remain stationary,dynamic overset grid technology and DFBI(Dynamic Fluid-Body Interaction)method are employed in this paper to enable the free-running motion of the ship in modeling.A numerical model capable of simulating a ship navigating through pack ice area is proposed,which uses Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)method to solve the flow field and applies the Discrete Element Method(DEM)to simulate ship-ice and ice-ice interactions.Besides,the proposed high-precision method for generating pack ice area can be used in conjunction with the proposed numerical model.By comparing the numerical results with the available model test data and experimental observations,the effectiveness of the numerical model is validated,demonstrating its strong capability of predicting resistance and simulating ship navigation in pack ice,as well as its significant potential and applicability for further studies.展开更多
Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emp...Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.展开更多
This study examines the advent of agent interaction(AIx)as a transformative paradigm in humancomputer interaction(HCI),signifying a notable evolution beyond traditional graphical interfaces and touchscreen interaction...This study examines the advent of agent interaction(AIx)as a transformative paradigm in humancomputer interaction(HCI),signifying a notable evolution beyond traditional graphical interfaces and touchscreen interactions.Within the context of large models,AIx is characterized by its innovative interaction patterns and a plethora of application scenarios that hold great potential.The paper highlights the pivotal role of AIx in shaping the future landscape of the large model industry,emphasizing its adoption and necessity from a user's perspective.This study underscores the pivotal role of AIx in dictating the future trajectory of a large model industry by emphasizing the importance of its adoption and necessity from a user-centric perspective.The fundamental drivers of AIx include the introduction of novel capabilities,replication of capabilities(both anthropomorphic and superhuman),migration of capabilities,aggregation of intelligence,and multiplication of capabilities.These elements are essential for propelling innovation,expanding the frontiers of capability,and realizing the exponential superposition of capabilities,thereby mitigating labor redundancy and addressing a spectrum of human needs.Furthermore,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the structural components and operational mechanisms of agents supported by large models.Such advancements significantly enhance the capacity of agents to tackle complex problems and provide intelligent services,thereby facilitating a more intuitive,adaptive,and personalized engagement between humans and machines.The study further delineates four principal categories of interaction patterns that encompass eight distinct modalities of interaction,corresponding to twenty-one specific scenarios,including applications in smart home systems,health assistance,and elderly care.This emphasizes the significance of this new paradigm in advancing HCI,fostering technological advancements,and redefining user experiences.However,it also acknowledges the challenges and ethical considerations that accompany this paradigm shift,recognizing the need for a balanced approach to harness the full potential of AIx in modern society.展开更多
A nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model was proposed and developed by the first author for nearly 30 years to represent the evolution of atmospheric blocking.In this review paper,we first review the creation and...A nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model was proposed and developed by the first author for nearly 30 years to represent the evolution of atmospheric blocking.In this review paper,we first review the creation and development of the NMI model and then emphasize that the NMI model represents a new tool for identifying the basic physics of how climate change influences mid-to-high latitude weather extremes.The building of the NMI model took place over three main periods.In the 1990s,a nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation model was presented to describe atmospheric blocking as a wave packet;however,it could not depict the lifetime(10-20 days)of atmospheric blocking.In the 2000s,we proposed an NMI model of atmospheric blocking in a uniform basic flow by making a scale-separation assumption and deriving an eddyforced NLS equation.This model succeeded in describing the life cycle of atmospheric blocking.In the 2020s,the NMI model was extended to include the impact of a changing climate mainly by altering the basic zonal winds and the magnitude of the meridional background potential vorticity gradient(PVy).Model results show that when PVy is smaller,blocking has a weaker dispersion and a stronger nonlinearity,so blocking can be more persistent and have a larger zonal scale and weaker eastward movement,thus favoring stronger weather extremes.However,when PVy is much smaller and below a critical threshold under much stronger winter Arctic warming of global warming,atmospheric blocking becomes locally less persistent and shows a much stronger westward movement,which acts to inhibit local cold extremes.Such a case does not happen in summer under global warming because PVy fails to fall below the critical threshold.Thus,our theory indicates that global warming can render summer-blocking anticyclones and mid-to-high latitude heatwaves more persistent,intense,and widespread.展开更多
In this paper,a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn,mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators(EIOs)for generating high power at G-...In this paper,a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn,mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators(EIOs)for generating high power at G-band.Two separate EIOs are coupled through a specific single-gap coupling field supported by a designed gap waveguide with length Lg,which form the phase-locked EIOs based on the commonly-resonated system.As a whole system,the system has been focused on with mode analysis based on different single-gap coupling fields,mode hopping,which present the variation of phase difference between the two-beam-wave interactions when changing Lg.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit system in producing the phase locking,we conducted particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations to show that the interesting mode hopping occurs with the phase difference of O and r between the output signals from two output ports,corresponding to the excitation of the TMn mode with different n.Simulation results show that 1)the oscillator can deliver two times of the output power obtained from one single oscillator at 220 GHz,2)the two EIOs can still deliver output signals with phase difference of O and when the currents of the two beams are different or the fabrication errors of the two EIO cavities are taken into account.The proposed scheme is promising in extending to phase locking between multiple EIOs,and generating higher power at millimeter-wave and higher frequencies.展开更多
Chemical communication in plant–microbiome and intra-microbiome interactions weaves a complex network,critically shaping ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity.This non-contact interaction is driven by sma...Chemical communication in plant–microbiome and intra-microbiome interactions weaves a complex network,critically shaping ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity.This non-contact interaction is driven by small-molecule signals that orchestrate crosstalk dynamics and beneficial association.Plants leverage these signals to distinguish between pathogens and beneficial microbes,dynamically modulate immune responses,and secrete exudates to recruit a beneficial microbiome,while microbes in turn influence plant nutrient acquisition and stress resilience.Such bidirectional chemical dialogues underpin nutrient cycling,co-evolution,microbiome assembly,and plant resistance.However,knowledge gaps persist regarding validating the key molecules involved in plant–microbe interactions.Interpreting chemical communication requires multi-omics integration to predict key information,genome editing and click chemistry to verify the function of biomolecules,and artificial intelligence(AI)models to improve resolution and accuracy.This review helps advance the understanding of chemical communication and provides theoretical support for agriculture to cope with food insecurity and climate challenges.展开更多
The interaction of high-power laser pulses with undercritical foams produced by different techniques but with the same average density is studied at the PALS laser facility.The spatial-temporal evolution of X-ray emis...The interaction of high-power laser pulses with undercritical foams produced by different techniques but with the same average density is studied at the PALS laser facility.The spatial-temporal evolution of X-ray emission is observed using an X-ray streak camera,electron and ion temperatures are measured by X-ray spectroscopy,and hot-electron production is characterized by monochromatic X-ray imaging.Transmission of a femtosecond laser probe pulse through foams is observed in the near and far fields.In spite of large differences in pore size and foam structure,the velocity of ionization front propagation is quite similar for all the foams studied and is slower than that in a homogeneous material of the same average density.The ion temperature in the plasma behind the ionization front is a few times higher than the electron temperature.Hot-electron production in plastic foams with small pores is strongly suppressed compared with that in solid targets,whereas in foams produced by additive manufacturing,it is significantly increased to the level observed in bare copper foil targets.展开更多
This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The partici...This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.展开更多
To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was deve...To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was developed,which does not require the activation that is frequently-used for active carbon materials.By manipulating their interaction,SDBS was deposited with CS in neutral and basic conditions.Subsequent calcination successfully has access to NSB.It features with hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional groups.The dually-doped NSB bears excellent adsorption performance towards chlortetracycline(CTC).The adsorption capacity reaches 101.3 mg g^(-1) within 4 h.It is 200%higher than that of N-doped biochar(NB)prepared by only CS.The renewable and cost-effective raw materials and simple preparation method would enable NSB to be a good candidate for remedying antibiotics in the environment.展开更多
Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method,we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional(1D)Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit.Its ground s...Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method,we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional(1D)Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit.Its ground state density distributions for both repulsive and attractive dipole interactions are exhibited.It is shown that in the case of the finite dipole interaction the density profiles do not change obviously with the increase of dipole interaction and display the typical shell structure of Tonks-Girardeau gases.As the repulsive dipole interaction is greatly strong,the density decreases at the center of the trap and displays a sunken valley.As the attractive dipole interaction increases,the density displays more oscillations and sharp peaks appear in the strong attraction limit,which mainly originate from the atoms occupying the low single particle levels.展开更多
The epizoic diatoms,especifically those living at the body surface of copepods has not garnered sufficient attention.This study focuses on the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei and three epizoic diatom species isolat...The epizoic diatoms,especifically those living at the body surface of copepods has not garnered sufficient attention.This study focuses on the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei and three epizoic diatom species isolated from its body surface:Pseudofalcula hyalina,Haslea sp.,and Tabularia sp.The research explored the physiological and biochemical characteristics of diatoms under co cultivation conditions with P.annandalei and different species of epizoic diatoms,along with variations in copepod survival rates.Results reveal that the growth rate,cell density,and chlorophyll-a content of the three epizoic diatoms were enhanced by P.annandalei.The photosynthesis of epizoic diatoms,particularly the photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(F_(v)/F_(m))of P.hyalina was positively influenced by P.annandalei.The impact of P.annandalei on biochemical compositions exhibited species-specific characteristics.Under co-culture conditions,the content of polysaccharides and proteins in the colloidal exopolymeric substance(CEPS)of P.hyalina and Haslea sp.increased,so did the intracellular protein content of Tabularia sp.The attachment of P.hyalina was most significantly influenced by P.annandalei,followed by Haslea sp.,and then Tabularia sp.,likely due to the increased uronic acid content of P.hyalina under co-culture conditions.Moreover,the three epizoic diatoms might have served as food sources for P.annandalei,as evidenced by the higher survival of copepods.The release of nitrate and phosphate from P.annandalei contributed to the nutrition for the growth of epizoic diatoms,indicating that the bottom-up effect resulting from P.annandalei excretion nutrition was greater than the top-down effect from predation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104560(to CL),U21A20400(to QW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52304133)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC3004605)the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-BS-083)。
文摘Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effective rockburst control. In this study, the squeezing behavior of the surrounding rock is analyzed in rockburst roadways, and a mechanical model of rockbursts is established considering the dynamic support stress, thus deriving formulas and providing characteristic curves for describing the interaction between the support and surrounding rock. Design principles and parameters of supports for rockburst control are proposed. The results show that only when the geostress magnitude exceeds a critical value can it drive the formation of rockburst conditions. The main factors influencing the convergence response and rockburst occurrence around roadways are geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and roadway excavation size. Roadway support devices can play a role in controlling rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of the surrounding rock towards instability points of rockburst. Further, the higher the strength and the longer the impact stroke of support devices with constant resistance, the more easily multiple balance points can be formed with the surrounding rock to control rockburst occurrence. Supports with long impact stroke allow adaptation to varying geostress levels around the roadway, aiding in rockburst control. The results offer a quantitative method for designing support systems for rockburst-prone roadways. The design criterion of supports is determined by the intersection between the convergence curve of the surrounding rock and the squeezing deformation curve of the support devices.
文摘Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the European IMPULSE project under Grant Agreement No.871161from LASERLAB-EUROPE V under Grant Agreement No.871124+6 种基金from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic(Grant No.GM23-05027M)Grant No.PDC2021120933-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRsupported by funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades in Spain through ICTS Equipment Grant No.EQC2018-005230-Pfrom Grant No.PID2021-125389O A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby“ERDF A Way of Making Europe”by the European Unionfrom grants of the Junta de Castilla y León with Grant Nos.CLP263P20 and CLP087U16。
文摘This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.
基金supported by A*STAR under the“Nanosystems at the Edge”program(Grant No.A18A4b0055)Ministry of Education(MOE)under the research grant of R-263-000-F18-112/A-0009520-01-00+1 种基金National Research Foundation Singapore grant CRP28-2022-0038the Reimagine Re-search Scheme(RRSC)Project(Grant A-0009037-02-00&A0009037-03-00)at National University of Singapore.
文摘Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations.Here,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning channel.We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes.These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection.These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.
基金Research Institute for Smart Energy(CDB2)the grant from the Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing(CD8Z)+4 种基金the grant from the Carbon Neutrality Funding Scheme(WZ2R)at The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitysupport from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(CD9B,CDBZ and WZ4Q)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205187)Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20230807140402006)Start-up Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20230426).
文摘Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.
文摘Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the information on the seismic behavior of joints of space frames(3D joints)is insufficient.The 3D joints are subjected to bi-directional excitation,which results in an interaction between the shear strength obtained for the joint in the two orthogonal directions separately.The bi-directional seismic behavior of corner reinforced concrete(RC)joints is the focus of this study.First,a detailed finite element(FE)model using the FE software Abaqus,is developed and validated using the test results from the literature.The validated modeling procedure is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the influence of different parameters such as concrete strength,dimensions of main and transverse beams framing into the joint,presence or absence of a slab,axial load ratio and loading direction on the seismic behavior of joints.By subjecting the models to different combinations of loads on the beams along perpendicular directions,the interaction of the joint shear strength in two orthogonal directions is studied.The comparison of the interaction curves of the joints obtained from the numerical study with a quadratic(circular)interaction curve indicates that in a majority of cases,the quadratic interaction model can represent the strength interaction diagrams of RC beam to column connections with governing joint shear failure reasonably well.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Molecular Mechanism of the Regulation of Crypt Goblet Cell Pyroptosis and Exocytosis to Repair Ulcerative Colitis Mucus Barrier by the Method of Clearing and Opening the Xuanfu from the Perspective of"Xuanfu-Crypt"(No.82305143),and National Natural Science Foundation of China:Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of"Hewei Jiangni Fang"Intervention in Non-erosive Reflux Disease Esophageal Hypersensitivity from the Perspective of Mas-related Gene X2/Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Pathway Regulation of Mast Cell/Dorsal Root Ganglion Communication based on the"Xinkai-Kujiang"Method(No.82374401)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore if Hewei Jiangni granule(和胃降逆颗粒,HWJNG)could regulate esophageal hypersensitivity via stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)/transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(TRPV1)pathway.METHODS:Qualitative analysis of HWJNG was analysis by high performance of liquid and gas chromatography.In vivo,animal model of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)was established by fructose intake and restraint stress.HWJNG and Omeprazole were administered by gavage to the drug intervention group.Reflux and visceral hypersensitivity were analyzed by pathological changes,PH value test,mechanical paw withdrawal threshold,thermal withdrawal latency and mast cells(MCs)degranulation.In vitro,substance P(SP)-induced P815 cells and dorsal root ganglion(DRG)cells were cocultured.Expression in both mice and cells of STIM1,TRPV1,and esophageal visceral hypersensitivity-related gastrointestinal neurochemicals were validated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot.Moreover,overexpression and small interfering RNA against STIM1 were utilized to verify of the role of HWJNG in DRG cells.RESULTS:HWJNG significantly suppressed intercellular space widening,injury of mitochondrial,MCs degranulation,mechanical allodynia and heat neuropathic sensory and increased pH value of esophageal mucosa in NERD mice.HWJNG inhibited expression of visceral hypersensitivityrelated gastrointestinal neurochemicals in esophageal mucosa and activated P815 cells,and expression of the STIM1,TRPV1 and related neurotransmitters in DRG and DRG cells.STIM1 siRNA and HWJNG both reduced P815 cells adhesion to DRGs cells and Ca2+flow into the cytoplasmic space of DRG cells.Furthermore,HWJNG could reversed STIM1 overexpression induced upregulation of TRPV1.CONCLUSION:HWJNG suppressed intercellular space widening in NERD mice,stabilized MCs and restored neuronal hyperexcitability by regulating visceral hypersensitivity via STIM1/TRPV1 pathway.
基金financially supported by the Basic Science Center Program(T2288102)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230059)+3 种基金the Foundation of Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry(JKVD1211002)the Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401128)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230793)Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(2023251).
文摘Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence,bone-brain interaction has emerged as a research hotspot,unveiling complex bidirectional communication between bone and brain.Studies indicate that bone and brain can influence each other’s homeostasis via multiple pathways,yet there is a dearth of systematic reviews in this area.This review comprehensively examines interactions across three key areas:the influence of bone-derived factors on brain function,the effects of brain-related diseases or injuries(BRDI)on bone health,and the concept of skeletal interoception.Additionally,the review discusses innovative approaches in biomaterial design inspired by bone-brain interaction mechanisms,aiming to facilitate bonebrain interactions through materiobiological effects to aid in the treatment of neurodegenerative and bone-related diseases.Notably,the integration of artificial intelligence(AI)in biomaterial design is highlighted,showcasing AI’s role in expediting the formulation of effective and targeted treatment strategies.In conclusion,this review offers vital insights into the mechanisms of bone-brain interaction and suggests advanced approaches to harness these interactions in clinical practice.These insights offer promising avenues for preventing and treating complex diseases impacting the skeleton and brain,underscoring the potential of interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing human health.
文摘Ice-going ships play a crucial role in polar transportation and resource extraction.Different from the existing modeling approach which assumes that ships remain stationary,dynamic overset grid technology and DFBI(Dynamic Fluid-Body Interaction)method are employed in this paper to enable the free-running motion of the ship in modeling.A numerical model capable of simulating a ship navigating through pack ice area is proposed,which uses Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)method to solve the flow field and applies the Discrete Element Method(DEM)to simulate ship-ice and ice-ice interactions.Besides,the proposed high-precision method for generating pack ice area can be used in conjunction with the proposed numerical model.By comparing the numerical results with the available model test data and experimental observations,the effectiveness of the numerical model is validated,demonstrating its strong capability of predicting resistance and simulating ship navigation in pack ice,as well as its significant potential and applicability for further studies.
文摘Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and petroleum.To achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is required.This study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling equipment.The study specifically investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency stick-slip.These events not only hinder the efficiency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difficult to be detected and controlled in real time.The study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,specifically in their high-frequency modes,usingfield data obtained from measurement while drilling.Thefindings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem performance.The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control systems.Therefore,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect damage.Moreover,by exploiting thesefindings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be enhanced.Furthermore,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efficiency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.
文摘This study examines the advent of agent interaction(AIx)as a transformative paradigm in humancomputer interaction(HCI),signifying a notable evolution beyond traditional graphical interfaces and touchscreen interactions.Within the context of large models,AIx is characterized by its innovative interaction patterns and a plethora of application scenarios that hold great potential.The paper highlights the pivotal role of AIx in shaping the future landscape of the large model industry,emphasizing its adoption and necessity from a user's perspective.This study underscores the pivotal role of AIx in dictating the future trajectory of a large model industry by emphasizing the importance of its adoption and necessity from a user-centric perspective.The fundamental drivers of AIx include the introduction of novel capabilities,replication of capabilities(both anthropomorphic and superhuman),migration of capabilities,aggregation of intelligence,and multiplication of capabilities.These elements are essential for propelling innovation,expanding the frontiers of capability,and realizing the exponential superposition of capabilities,thereby mitigating labor redundancy and addressing a spectrum of human needs.Furthermore,this study provides an in-depth analysis of the structural components and operational mechanisms of agents supported by large models.Such advancements significantly enhance the capacity of agents to tackle complex problems and provide intelligent services,thereby facilitating a more intuitive,adaptive,and personalized engagement between humans and machines.The study further delineates four principal categories of interaction patterns that encompass eight distinct modalities of interaction,corresponding to twenty-one specific scenarios,including applications in smart home systems,health assistance,and elderly care.This emphasizes the significance of this new paradigm in advancing HCI,fostering technological advancements,and redefining user experiences.However,it also acknowledges the challenges and ethical considerations that accompany this paradigm shift,recognizing the need for a balanced approach to harness the full potential of AIx in modern society.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42150204 and 2288101)supported by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230045)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730279)。
文摘A nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI)model was proposed and developed by the first author for nearly 30 years to represent the evolution of atmospheric blocking.In this review paper,we first review the creation and development of the NMI model and then emphasize that the NMI model represents a new tool for identifying the basic physics of how climate change influences mid-to-high latitude weather extremes.The building of the NMI model took place over three main periods.In the 1990s,a nonlinear Schr?dinger(NLS)equation model was presented to describe atmospheric blocking as a wave packet;however,it could not depict the lifetime(10-20 days)of atmospheric blocking.In the 2000s,we proposed an NMI model of atmospheric blocking in a uniform basic flow by making a scale-separation assumption and deriving an eddyforced NLS equation.This model succeeded in describing the life cycle of atmospheric blocking.In the 2020s,the NMI model was extended to include the impact of a changing climate mainly by altering the basic zonal winds and the magnitude of the meridional background potential vorticity gradient(PVy).Model results show that when PVy is smaller,blocking has a weaker dispersion and a stronger nonlinearity,so blocking can be more persistent and have a larger zonal scale and weaker eastward movement,thus favoring stronger weather extremes.However,when PVy is much smaller and below a critical threshold under much stronger winter Arctic warming of global warming,atmospheric blocking becomes locally less persistent and shows a much stronger westward movement,which acts to inhibit local cold extremes.Such a case does not happen in summer under global warming because PVy fails to fall below the critical threshold.Thus,our theory indicates that global warming can render summer-blocking anticyclones and mid-to-high latitude heatwaves more persistent,intense,and widespread.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62401125)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC1376)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2024J008)。
文摘In this paper,a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn,mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators(EIOs)for generating high power at G-band.Two separate EIOs are coupled through a specific single-gap coupling field supported by a designed gap waveguide with length Lg,which form the phase-locked EIOs based on the commonly-resonated system.As a whole system,the system has been focused on with mode analysis based on different single-gap coupling fields,mode hopping,which present the variation of phase difference between the two-beam-wave interactions when changing Lg.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit system in producing the phase locking,we conducted particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations to show that the interesting mode hopping occurs with the phase difference of O and r between the output signals from two output ports,corresponding to the excitation of the TMn mode with different n.Simulation results show that 1)the oscillator can deliver two times of the output power obtained from one single oscillator at 220 GHz,2)the two EIOs can still deliver output signals with phase difference of O and when the currents of the two beams are different or the fabrication errors of the two EIO cavities are taken into account.The proposed scheme is promising in extending to phase locking between multiple EIOs,and generating higher power at millimeter-wave and higher frequencies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2025YFE0104500)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LD25C140002),the Natural Science Foundation of Hangzhou(No.2024SZRZDC 130001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20219 and 32122074)the Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund,China.
文摘Chemical communication in plant–microbiome and intra-microbiome interactions weaves a complex network,critically shaping ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity.This non-contact interaction is driven by small-molecule signals that orchestrate crosstalk dynamics and beneficial association.Plants leverage these signals to distinguish between pathogens and beneficial microbes,dynamically modulate immune responses,and secrete exudates to recruit a beneficial microbiome,while microbes in turn influence plant nutrient acquisition and stress resilience.Such bidirectional chemical dialogues underpin nutrient cycling,co-evolution,microbiome assembly,and plant resistance.However,knowledge gaps persist regarding validating the key molecules involved in plant–microbe interactions.Interpreting chemical communication requires multi-omics integration to predict key information,genome editing and click chemistry to verify the function of biomolecules,and artificial intelligence(AI)models to improve resolution and accuracy.This review helps advance the understanding of chemical communication and provides theoretical support for agriculture to cope with food insecurity and climate challenges.
基金supported by the Center of Advanced Applied Sciences(CAAS)Project No.(CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16019/0000778)from the European Regional Development Fundalso supported in part by the Czech Technical University in Prague Project No.SGS22/184/OHK4/3T/14+1 种基金partial funding via EUROfusion Enabling Research Project No.AWP24-ENR-03-CEA-02“Foams as a pathway to energy from high gain direct drive ignition,”within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium,funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Program(Grant Agreement No.101052200-EUROfusion)the Czech Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports(CMEYS)for funding the operation of the PALS facility(Grant No.LM2023068)。
文摘The interaction of high-power laser pulses with undercritical foams produced by different techniques but with the same average density is studied at the PALS laser facility.The spatial-temporal evolution of X-ray emission is observed using an X-ray streak camera,electron and ion temperatures are measured by X-ray spectroscopy,and hot-electron production is characterized by monochromatic X-ray imaging.Transmission of a femtosecond laser probe pulse through foams is observed in the near and far fields.In spite of large differences in pore size and foam structure,the velocity of ionization front propagation is quite similar for all the foams studied and is slower than that in a homogeneous material of the same average density.The ion temperature in the plasma behind the ionization front is a few times higher than the electron temperature.Hot-electron production in plastic foams with small pores is strongly suppressed compared with that in solid targets,whereas in foams produced by additive manufacturing,it is significantly increased to the level observed in bare copper foil targets.
文摘This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276046).
文摘To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was developed,which does not require the activation that is frequently-used for active carbon materials.By manipulating their interaction,SDBS was deposited with CS in neutral and basic conditions.Subsequent calcination successfully has access to NSB.It features with hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional groups.The dually-doped NSB bears excellent adsorption performance towards chlortetracycline(CTC).The adsorption capacity reaches 101.3 mg g^(-1) within 4 h.It is 200%higher than that of N-doped biochar(NB)prepared by only CS.The renewable and cost-effective raw materials and simple preparation method would enable NSB to be a good candidate for remedying antibiotics in the environment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11174026)。
文摘Using the Bose-Fermi mapping method,we obtain the exact ground state wavefunction of one-dimensional(1D)Bose gas with the zero-range dipolar interaction in the strongly repulsive contact interaction limit.Its ground state density distributions for both repulsive and attractive dipole interactions are exhibited.It is shown that in the case of the finite dipole interaction the density profiles do not change obviously with the increase of dipole interaction and display the typical shell structure of Tonks-Girardeau gases.As the repulsive dipole interaction is greatly strong,the density decreases at the center of the trap and displays a sunken valley.As the attractive dipole interaction increases,the density displays more oscillations and sharp peaks appear in the strong attraction limit,which mainly originate from the atoms occupying the low single particle levels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076114)the Second Batch of High-level Professional Groups of Vocational Colleges in Guangdong Province(No.GSPZYQ 2021004)the Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(No.GUIKE AD 23026041)。
文摘The epizoic diatoms,especifically those living at the body surface of copepods has not garnered sufficient attention.This study focuses on the copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei and three epizoic diatom species isolated from its body surface:Pseudofalcula hyalina,Haslea sp.,and Tabularia sp.The research explored the physiological and biochemical characteristics of diatoms under co cultivation conditions with P.annandalei and different species of epizoic diatoms,along with variations in copepod survival rates.Results reveal that the growth rate,cell density,and chlorophyll-a content of the three epizoic diatoms were enhanced by P.annandalei.The photosynthesis of epizoic diatoms,particularly the photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(F_(v)/F_(m))of P.hyalina was positively influenced by P.annandalei.The impact of P.annandalei on biochemical compositions exhibited species-specific characteristics.Under co-culture conditions,the content of polysaccharides and proteins in the colloidal exopolymeric substance(CEPS)of P.hyalina and Haslea sp.increased,so did the intracellular protein content of Tabularia sp.The attachment of P.hyalina was most significantly influenced by P.annandalei,followed by Haslea sp.,and then Tabularia sp.,likely due to the increased uronic acid content of P.hyalina under co-culture conditions.Moreover,the three epizoic diatoms might have served as food sources for P.annandalei,as evidenced by the higher survival of copepods.The release of nitrate and phosphate from P.annandalei contributed to the nutrition for the growth of epizoic diatoms,indicating that the bottom-up effect resulting from P.annandalei excretion nutrition was greater than the top-down effect from predation.
