Introduction: Genital prolapse is a health problem that gynaecologists are increasingly facing due to patients’ legitimate demands for care and the improvement in life expectancy without associated disabilities. The ...Introduction: Genital prolapse is a health problem that gynaecologists are increasingly facing due to patients’ legitimate demands for care and the improvement in life expectancy without associated disabilities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical aspects and functional disorders of patients with genital prolapse in Butembo in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Material and Methods: A descriptive study with analytical aims was conducted from January 1 to September 30, 2024 in Butembo/DRC. It involved 112 patients with symptomatic genital prolapse in whom an interview on functional disorders as well as clinical assessment according to the Baden and Walker classification were carried out. The data were entered into Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Excel software and analysed using R software version 4.4.0. Results: Patients aged over 50 years were exposed to developing genital prolapse especially the mixed type (81.1%) compared to those aged under 50 years (p-value 0.014). Multi and large multiparous women had developed all types of prolapse especially the mixed type (100%) compared to primiparous and pauciparous women (p-value 0.027). Associated pathologies were more observed in case of mixed prolapse (51.4%) including vesicovaginal fistula (37.8%) (p-value Conclusion: Genital prolapse is common and functional urinary, sexual and anorectal signs are frequently observed in patients in Butembo/DRC.展开更多
Objective:To determine the relationship between the color of vaginal discharge and the volume of vaginal discharge and the types of microorganisms in the genital organs.Methods:Cross-sectional study by conducting vagi...Objective:To determine the relationship between the color of vaginal discharge and the volume of vaginal discharge and the types of microorganisms in the genital organs.Methods:Cross-sectional study by conducting vaginal swab examinations on 56 women with complaints of vaginal discharge in Bareng Lor Village,Klaten,and Sewugalur,Kulon Progo,Indonesia.A vaginal swab was carried out with a Gram examination.Data were coded and analyzed using the chi-c test.Results:The color of vaginal discharge was divided into:non-vaginal discharge 16.1%(9/56),white/clear/mucoid 50%(28/56),greenish/white 14.3%(8/56),brownish white/brown 3.6%(2/56),powdery and white 3.6%(2/56),post coitus bleeding 7.1%(4/56),and other complaints(itching,odor,erosion)5.4%(3/56).The volume of vaginal discharge was divided into:normal 16.1%(9/56),a little 48.2%(27/56),and a lot 35.7%(20/56).The types of microorganisms obtained were:no microorganisms growing 8.9%(5/56),Gram positive cocci/bacilli 7.1%(4/56),Gram negative cocci/bacilli 19.6%(11/56),Gram positive/negative coccobacilli 7.1%(4/56),growth of>2 bacteria 42.9%(24/56),and fungus/yeast cells/clue cells 14.3%(8/56).There is a significant relationship between volume and type of microorganisms(P=0.011),while the relationship between color/type of vaginal discharge and microorganisms is not significantly related.Conclusions:The volume of vaginal discharge reflects the presence of risky microorganisms.展开更多
Understanding mixed infections in the female lower genital tract is a critical challenge in modern infection research.The interplay of multiple pathogens complicates disease progression,often resulting in treatment fa...Understanding mixed infections in the female lower genital tract is a critical challenge in modern infection research.The interplay of multiple pathogens complicates disease progression,often resulting in treatment failure,recurrent infections,and significant public health and economic burdens.These infections are further exacerbated by disrupted host immune responses,which hinder the recovery of the vaginal microecosystem.Additionally,microbial biofilms—a fundamental mode of pathogen coexistence—contribute to the persistence and drug resistance of these infections,complicating management strategies.This review examines the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of mixed infections in the female lower genital tract while exploring potential avenues for future research.These findings emphasize the need for greater focus on these infections and offer insights to enhance further research in this area.展开更多
Infections and inflammatory reactions in the male genital tract are the leading causes of male infertility with a prevalence of 6%-10%,primarily affecting testicular and epididymal function and ultimately compromising...Infections and inflammatory reactions in the male genital tract are the leading causes of male infertility with a prevalence of 6%-10%,primarily affecting testicular and epididymal function and ultimately compromising sperm quality.However,most infertile patients with genital infection/inflammation are asymptomatic and easily overlooked.Traditional indicators,including white blood cells,elastase,and other components in semen,can reflect inflammation of the genital tract,but there is still a lack of a uniform standard method of detection.Therefore,it is necessary to explore reliable markers in semen that reflect the inflammatory status of the genital tract.Using the experimental autoimmune orchitis(EAO)model to simulate noninfectious chronic orchitis,we successfully collected ejaculated seminal fluid from EAO rats using optimized electrical stimulation devices.Proteomic analysis was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ).Compared to the control group,55 upregulated and 105 downregulated proteins were identified in seminal plasma samples from the EAO group.In a preliminary screening,the inflammation-related protein S100A8/A9 was upregulated.We further verified that S100A8/A9 was increased in seminal plasma and highly expressed in testicular macrophages of the EAO model.In patients with oligoasthenospermia and genital tract infections,we also found that S100A8/A9 levels were remarkably increased in seminal plasma and testicular macrophages.S100A8/A9 in semen may be a potential biomarker for chronic genital inflammation.Our study provides a new potential biomarker for early diagnosis and further understanding of male infertility caused by genital inflammation.展开更多
Dear Editor,We are writing to present a case of bilateral sequential cytomegalovirus retinitis(CMVR)in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita(DC).DC is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by a typic...Dear Editor,We are writing to present a case of bilateral sequential cytomegalovirus retinitis(CMVR)in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita(DC).DC is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by a typical diagnostic triad of oral leukoplakia,nail dystrophy,and reticular hyperpigmentation[1].DC can be inherited in one of the three forms,X-linked,autosomal dominant,and autosomal recessive.展开更多
Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health conse...Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of FGM;immediate and long-term complications associated with the practice, and identify factors related to its prevalence. Method: In a one-year cross-sectional hospital-based study, data were collected from females aged 18 - 50 with a history of FGM. Face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, utilizing univariate and bivariate analyses to identify correlations between variables, which were presented in tables. Results: In a study involving 255 female participants, 65.5% were between 18 and 30 years old. The majority (82.7%) were married, while 47.1% were illiterate. FGM cases were more prevalent in rural areas (61.6%). Among the participants, 45.1% were employed. Type 3 FGM was the most common (44.3%), followed by Type 2 (32.2%) and Type 1 (23.9%). In terms of short-term complications experienced by circumcised women, the most common were bleeding, reported by 29.8% of participants, followed by infection (25.1%), and urinary retention (19.2%). Among the long-term complications observed, recurrent vaginal infections were the most prevalent, affecting 29.8% of the surveyed females. This was episiotomy during delivery (22.3%) and genital scarring (10.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals that Type 3 FGM is highly prevalent among the surveyed females, contributing to an increased risk of recurrent vaginal infections, prolonged second stage of labor, higher likelihood of episiotomy during delivery, and genital scarring. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective preventive strategies and implementation from both international and local organizations to eliminate the harmful practice of FGM.展开更多
This study examines the depth of information regarding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)/Female Cutting (FC) present in US medical textbooks. According to Klein et al. (2018) [1], despite substantial attention regarding...This study examines the depth of information regarding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)/Female Cutting (FC) present in US medical textbooks. According to Klein et al. (2018) [1], despite substantial attention regarding the effects of FGM, this practice is still ongoing all over the world. Healthcare providers are very important actors who need to understand FGM in order to provide care to girls and women subjected to it, but the small amount of existing work in this area shows a low level of knowledge and training about FGM/FC among U.S. physicians. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first published the estimated number of girls at risk of FGM/FC in the U.S. to be about 168,000 in 1997;that number had increased to 513,000 girls in the US by 2012 (according to Goldberg et al.) In this study, a small sample of medical textbooks were analyzed for the degree to which the textbooks include information regarding FGM/FC. The results of this study show that US medical textbooks do not include information regarding FGM/FC, suggesting that most medical providers don’t have knowledge and training about FGM/FC. The inadequate information on FGM/FC in medical textbooks reflects a culturally biased lack of recognition of the number of girls and women affected in the US. This maintains an ongoing pattern of silence that reinforces gender inequality. Considering the inadequate information covered in US medical textbooks on FGM/FC, and the concordant lack of provider training to provide advice and care to affected girls and women, incorrect and missed diagnoses may lead to harm to victims of FGM/FC. Providers would be better equipped to care for women and girls if their medical training included information regarding FGM/FC.展开更多
Background: Worldwide, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) has been practiced for generations. This study examined the practice of FGM/C and identified factors influencing its continuity in Osu, a rural communit...Background: Worldwide, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) has been practiced for generations. This study examined the practice of FGM/C and identified factors influencing its continuity in Osu, a rural community in Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a mixed method cross-sectional design. The quantitative aspect involved interview of 294 women using a semi-structured questionnaire while the qualitative aspect entailed 16 in-depth interviews using an in-depth interview guide to seek information from selected spouses of the respondent, women leaders, religious leaders and health workers. The study took place between January and June 2023. The quantitative data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Ninety four percent of the women had poor knowledge of the health risks associated with FGM/C practice. About three-third (76.5%) had undergone FGM/C while 77.2% intend to continue FGM/C practice on their daughters. The predictors of continuing FGM/C practice include being married (AOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.12 - 3.65, p = 0.019), none/primary education (AOR 10.02, 95% CI 2.88 - 34.88, p = 0.0001), lower income (AOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.54 - 6.55, p = 0.002) and having undergone FGM/C (AOR 14.65, 95% CI 5.31 - 40.37, p = 0.0001). In-depth interviews revealed that the factors sustaining FGM/C in the community include curbing promiscuity, religious rites, community customs and traditions. Conclusion: Socio-cultural factors continue to sustain FGM/C practice in the community. It is necessary to target married women and other community leaders in the campaign against FGM/C practice.展开更多
Objective background: This was a retrospective study of the clinical and therapeutic aspects of urological complications of female genital mutilation in the urology department of Bamako’s Gabriel Touré Universit...Objective background: This was a retrospective study of the clinical and therapeutic aspects of urological complications of female genital mutilation in the urology department of Bamako’s Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Methods: Our study took place from 2002 to 2017 in the urology department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako and concerned cases of complications of female genital mutilation. Our study included all girls or women presenting with urinary disorders related to complications of genital mutilation and received in urological consultation and surgical management. Results: The average age of our patients was 2.5 years, with extremes ranging from 3 months to 35 years. The oldest patient had presented with dystocia during both deliveries. Acute urine retention (n = 7) was the most frequent reason for consultation. Other signs included urinary incontinence, pollakiuria and burning. Physical examination revealed clitoridectomy and abrasion of the labia minora in 13 patients. Type III of the WHO classification of female genital mutilation was the most frequent and corresponded to infibulation.展开更多
Genital herpes(GH)is a common sexually transmitted disease,which is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2),and continues to be a global health concern.Although our understanding of the alterations in i...Genital herpes(GH)is a common sexually transmitted disease,which is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2),and continues to be a global health concern.Although our understanding of the alterations in immune cell populations and immunomodulation in GH patients is still limited,it is evident that systemic intrinsic immunity,innate immunity,and adaptive immunity play crucial roles during HSV-2 infection and GH reactivation.To investigate the mechanisms underlying HSV-2 infection and recurrence,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was performed on immune cells isolated from the peripheral blood of both healthy individuals and patients with recurrent GH.Furthermore,the systemic immune response in patients with recurrent GH showed activation of classical monocytes,CD4þT cells,natural killer cells(NK cells),and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs),especially of genes associated with the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and T cell activation.Circulating immune cells in GH patients show higher expression of genes associated with inflammation and antiviral responses both in the scRNA-Seq data set and in independent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis and ELISA experiments.This study demonstrated that localized genital herpes,resulting from HSV reactivation,may influence the functionality of circulating immune cells,suggesting a potential avenue for future research into the role of systemic immunity during HSV infection and recurrence.展开更多
目的描述和分析1990-2021年间中国常见妇科癌症宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的疾病负担现况、变化趋势及其影响因素。方法基于2021年全球疾病负担数据库,收集并整理中国宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disabili...目的描述和分析1990-2021年间中国常见妇科癌症宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的疾病负担现况、变化趋势及其影响因素。方法基于2021年全球疾病负担数据库,收集并整理中国宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)等数据。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析时间趋势,利用年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型评估对其发病和死亡的影响。采用Spearman相关分析评估社会人口学指数(sociodemographic index,SDI)与上述指标的相关性。最后分析常见妇科癌症疾病负担的归因危险因素。结果1990-2021年中国宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌年龄标化发病率显著上升,卵巢癌发病率无显著变化。3种癌症的死亡、DALY和因早死导致的寿命损失年(years of life lost due to premature mortality,YLL)的年龄标化率均显著降低。中老年组的疾病负担较重。APC模型结果提示,宫颈癌的发病风险随时间推移增加而死亡风险下降;宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的发病风险随出生年代的推移更高,卵巢癌则更低。相关性分析显示妇科癌症的发病和死亡与SDI均存在显著关联。肥胖对我国妇科癌症疾病负担的影响显著增加。结论我国宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的死亡率呈下降趋势,但是宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的发病率显著上升。这些妇科癌症发病和死亡趋势受年龄、时期和队列效应的影响。未来应关注肥胖等危险因素的控制,以降低妇科癌症的疾病负担。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Genital prolapse is a health problem that gynaecologists are increasingly facing due to patients’ legitimate demands for care and the improvement in life expectancy without associated disabilities. The objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical aspects and functional disorders of patients with genital prolapse in Butembo in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Material and Methods: A descriptive study with analytical aims was conducted from January 1 to September 30, 2024 in Butembo/DRC. It involved 112 patients with symptomatic genital prolapse in whom an interview on functional disorders as well as clinical assessment according to the Baden and Walker classification were carried out. The data were entered into Microsoft Office LTSC 2021 Excel software and analysed using R software version 4.4.0. Results: Patients aged over 50 years were exposed to developing genital prolapse especially the mixed type (81.1%) compared to those aged under 50 years (p-value 0.014). Multi and large multiparous women had developed all types of prolapse especially the mixed type (100%) compared to primiparous and pauciparous women (p-value 0.027). Associated pathologies were more observed in case of mixed prolapse (51.4%) including vesicovaginal fistula (37.8%) (p-value Conclusion: Genital prolapse is common and functional urinary, sexual and anorectal signs are frequently observed in patients in Butembo/DRC.
基金supported by Hibah pengabdian masyarakat internal UMY tahun 2023/2024(No.ID CJ4487-MyHAM).
文摘Objective:To determine the relationship between the color of vaginal discharge and the volume of vaginal discharge and the types of microorganisms in the genital organs.Methods:Cross-sectional study by conducting vaginal swab examinations on 56 women with complaints of vaginal discharge in Bareng Lor Village,Klaten,and Sewugalur,Kulon Progo,Indonesia.A vaginal swab was carried out with a Gram examination.Data were coded and analyzed using the chi-c test.Results:The color of vaginal discharge was divided into:non-vaginal discharge 16.1%(9/56),white/clear/mucoid 50%(28/56),greenish/white 14.3%(8/56),brownish white/brown 3.6%(2/56),powdery and white 3.6%(2/56),post coitus bleeding 7.1%(4/56),and other complaints(itching,odor,erosion)5.4%(3/56).The volume of vaginal discharge was divided into:normal 16.1%(9/56),a little 48.2%(27/56),and a lot 35.7%(20/56).The types of microorganisms obtained were:no microorganisms growing 8.9%(5/56),Gram positive cocci/bacilli 7.1%(4/56),Gram negative cocci/bacilli 19.6%(11/56),Gram positive/negative coccobacilli 7.1%(4/56),growth of>2 bacteria 42.9%(24/56),and fungus/yeast cells/clue cells 14.3%(8/56).There is a significant relationship between volume and type of microorganisms(P=0.011),while the relationship between color/type of vaginal discharge and microorganisms is not significantly related.Conclusions:The volume of vaginal discharge reflects the presence of risky microorganisms.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874483).
文摘Understanding mixed infections in the female lower genital tract is a critical challenge in modern infection research.The interplay of multiple pathogens complicates disease progression,often resulting in treatment failure,recurrent infections,and significant public health and economic burdens.These infections are further exacerbated by disrupted host immune responses,which hinder the recovery of the vaginal microecosystem.Additionally,microbial biofilms—a fundamental mode of pathogen coexistence—contribute to the persistence and drug resistance of these infections,complicating management strategies.This review examines the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of mixed infections in the female lower genital tract while exploring potential avenues for future research.These findings emphasize the need for greater focus on these infections and offer insights to enhance further research in this area.
基金supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(81871148)the Open Fund of NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention,Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention(Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology,ZD202201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,HUST(2023JYCXJJ062 and YCJJ202201050).
文摘Infections and inflammatory reactions in the male genital tract are the leading causes of male infertility with a prevalence of 6%-10%,primarily affecting testicular and epididymal function and ultimately compromising sperm quality.However,most infertile patients with genital infection/inflammation are asymptomatic and easily overlooked.Traditional indicators,including white blood cells,elastase,and other components in semen,can reflect inflammation of the genital tract,but there is still a lack of a uniform standard method of detection.Therefore,it is necessary to explore reliable markers in semen that reflect the inflammatory status of the genital tract.Using the experimental autoimmune orchitis(EAO)model to simulate noninfectious chronic orchitis,we successfully collected ejaculated seminal fluid from EAO rats using optimized electrical stimulation devices.Proteomic analysis was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ).Compared to the control group,55 upregulated and 105 downregulated proteins were identified in seminal plasma samples from the EAO group.In a preliminary screening,the inflammation-related protein S100A8/A9 was upregulated.We further verified that S100A8/A9 was increased in seminal plasma and highly expressed in testicular macrophages of the EAO model.In patients with oligoasthenospermia and genital tract infections,we also found that S100A8/A9 levels were remarkably increased in seminal plasma and testicular macrophages.S100A8/A9 in semen may be a potential biomarker for chronic genital inflammation.Our study provides a new potential biomarker for early diagnosis and further understanding of male infertility caused by genital inflammation.
基金Supported by grants from the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(No.2018NS0273)the Medical Reserve Talents Training Program of Yunnan Provincial Health Commission(No.H-2018021)the Yunnan Talent Support Plan-Young Talent Program(No.XDYCQNRC-2022-0702).
文摘Dear Editor,We are writing to present a case of bilateral sequential cytomegalovirus retinitis(CMVR)in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita(DC).DC is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by a typical diagnostic triad of oral leukoplakia,nail dystrophy,and reticular hyperpigmentation[1].DC can be inherited in one of the three forms,X-linked,autosomal dominant,and autosomal recessive.
文摘Background: In Africa, female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice, with Somalia having the highest incidence at 98%. This practice has severe and long-lasting physical and mental health consequences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the different types of FGM;immediate and long-term complications associated with the practice, and identify factors related to its prevalence. Method: In a one-year cross-sectional hospital-based study, data were collected from females aged 18 - 50 with a history of FGM. Face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, utilizing univariate and bivariate analyses to identify correlations between variables, which were presented in tables. Results: In a study involving 255 female participants, 65.5% were between 18 and 30 years old. The majority (82.7%) were married, while 47.1% were illiterate. FGM cases were more prevalent in rural areas (61.6%). Among the participants, 45.1% were employed. Type 3 FGM was the most common (44.3%), followed by Type 2 (32.2%) and Type 1 (23.9%). In terms of short-term complications experienced by circumcised women, the most common were bleeding, reported by 29.8% of participants, followed by infection (25.1%), and urinary retention (19.2%). Among the long-term complications observed, recurrent vaginal infections were the most prevalent, affecting 29.8% of the surveyed females. This was episiotomy during delivery (22.3%) and genital scarring (10.2%). Conclusion: The study reveals that Type 3 FGM is highly prevalent among the surveyed females, contributing to an increased risk of recurrent vaginal infections, prolonged second stage of labor, higher likelihood of episiotomy during delivery, and genital scarring. These findings emphasize the urgent need for effective preventive strategies and implementation from both international and local organizations to eliminate the harmful practice of FGM.
文摘This study examines the depth of information regarding Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)/Female Cutting (FC) present in US medical textbooks. According to Klein et al. (2018) [1], despite substantial attention regarding the effects of FGM, this practice is still ongoing all over the world. Healthcare providers are very important actors who need to understand FGM in order to provide care to girls and women subjected to it, but the small amount of existing work in this area shows a low level of knowledge and training about FGM/FC among U.S. physicians. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first published the estimated number of girls at risk of FGM/FC in the U.S. to be about 168,000 in 1997;that number had increased to 513,000 girls in the US by 2012 (according to Goldberg et al.) In this study, a small sample of medical textbooks were analyzed for the degree to which the textbooks include information regarding FGM/FC. The results of this study show that US medical textbooks do not include information regarding FGM/FC, suggesting that most medical providers don’t have knowledge and training about FGM/FC. The inadequate information on FGM/FC in medical textbooks reflects a culturally biased lack of recognition of the number of girls and women affected in the US. This maintains an ongoing pattern of silence that reinforces gender inequality. Considering the inadequate information covered in US medical textbooks on FGM/FC, and the concordant lack of provider training to provide advice and care to affected girls and women, incorrect and missed diagnoses may lead to harm to victims of FGM/FC. Providers would be better equipped to care for women and girls if their medical training included information regarding FGM/FC.
文摘Background: Worldwide, Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) has been practiced for generations. This study examined the practice of FGM/C and identified factors influencing its continuity in Osu, a rural community in Osun State, Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a mixed method cross-sectional design. The quantitative aspect involved interview of 294 women using a semi-structured questionnaire while the qualitative aspect entailed 16 in-depth interviews using an in-depth interview guide to seek information from selected spouses of the respondent, women leaders, religious leaders and health workers. The study took place between January and June 2023. The quantitative data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Ninety four percent of the women had poor knowledge of the health risks associated with FGM/C practice. About three-third (76.5%) had undergone FGM/C while 77.2% intend to continue FGM/C practice on their daughters. The predictors of continuing FGM/C practice include being married (AOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.12 - 3.65, p = 0.019), none/primary education (AOR 10.02, 95% CI 2.88 - 34.88, p = 0.0001), lower income (AOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.54 - 6.55, p = 0.002) and having undergone FGM/C (AOR 14.65, 95% CI 5.31 - 40.37, p = 0.0001). In-depth interviews revealed that the factors sustaining FGM/C in the community include curbing promiscuity, religious rites, community customs and traditions. Conclusion: Socio-cultural factors continue to sustain FGM/C practice in the community. It is necessary to target married women and other community leaders in the campaign against FGM/C practice.
文摘Objective background: This was a retrospective study of the clinical and therapeutic aspects of urological complications of female genital mutilation in the urology department of Bamako’s Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Methods: Our study took place from 2002 to 2017 in the urology department of the Gabriel Touré University Hospital in Bamako and concerned cases of complications of female genital mutilation. Our study included all girls or women presenting with urinary disorders related to complications of genital mutilation and received in urological consultation and surgical management. Results: The average age of our patients was 2.5 years, with extremes ranging from 3 months to 35 years. The oldest patient had presented with dystocia during both deliveries. Acute urine retention (n = 7) was the most frequent reason for consultation. Other signs included urinary incontinence, pollakiuria and burning. Physical examination revealed clitoridectomy and abrasion of the labia minora in 13 patients. Type III of the WHO classification of female genital mutilation was the most frequent and corresponded to infibulation.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 82471846,82103740 and 82103743]Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province[grant number 2022RC198].
文摘Genital herpes(GH)is a common sexually transmitted disease,which is primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2),and continues to be a global health concern.Although our understanding of the alterations in immune cell populations and immunomodulation in GH patients is still limited,it is evident that systemic intrinsic immunity,innate immunity,and adaptive immunity play crucial roles during HSV-2 infection and GH reactivation.To investigate the mechanisms underlying HSV-2 infection and recurrence,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was performed on immune cells isolated from the peripheral blood of both healthy individuals and patients with recurrent GH.Furthermore,the systemic immune response in patients with recurrent GH showed activation of classical monocytes,CD4þT cells,natural killer cells(NK cells),and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs),especially of genes associated with the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and T cell activation.Circulating immune cells in GH patients show higher expression of genes associated with inflammation and antiviral responses both in the scRNA-Seq data set and in independent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis and ELISA experiments.This study demonstrated that localized genital herpes,resulting from HSV reactivation,may influence the functionality of circulating immune cells,suggesting a potential avenue for future research into the role of systemic immunity during HSV infection and recurrence.
文摘目的描述和分析1990-2021年间中国常见妇科癌症宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的疾病负担现况、变化趋势及其影响因素。方法基于2021年全球疾病负担数据库,收集并整理中国宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)等数据。采用Joinpoint回归模型分析时间趋势,利用年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型评估对其发病和死亡的影响。采用Spearman相关分析评估社会人口学指数(sociodemographic index,SDI)与上述指标的相关性。最后分析常见妇科癌症疾病负担的归因危险因素。结果1990-2021年中国宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌年龄标化发病率显著上升,卵巢癌发病率无显著变化。3种癌症的死亡、DALY和因早死导致的寿命损失年(years of life lost due to premature mortality,YLL)的年龄标化率均显著降低。中老年组的疾病负担较重。APC模型结果提示,宫颈癌的发病风险随时间推移增加而死亡风险下降;宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的发病风险随出生年代的推移更高,卵巢癌则更低。相关性分析显示妇科癌症的发病和死亡与SDI均存在显著关联。肥胖对我国妇科癌症疾病负担的影响显著增加。结论我国宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的死亡率呈下降趋势,但是宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的发病率显著上升。这些妇科癌症发病和死亡趋势受年龄、时期和队列效应的影响。未来应关注肥胖等危险因素的控制,以降低妇科癌症的疾病负担。
