BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that hippocampal damage serves as a marker of early cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);however,the association between hippocampal subregion volu...BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that hippocampal damage serves as a marker of early cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);however,the association between hippocampal subregion volume changes and cognitive decline in different dimensions remains unclear.AIM To investigate changes in hippocampal subregion volumes in patients with T2DM and their relationship with cognitive function impairment.METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM and 32 healthy controls were recruited.All participants underwent a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scan and a series of clinical assessments.Hippocampal subfield volumes were determined using FreeSurfer 7.4.1.A two-sample t-test was used to evaluate group differences.Partial correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between hippocampal subregion volumes and cognitive function.aP<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Compared with controls,the volume of right hippocampus-amygdala transition area(t=-3.053,P=0.003)in patients with T2DM was significantly reduced,which was negatively correlated with the required time of the Trail Making Test(TMT)-A(r=-0.331,P=0.028)and TMT-B(r=-0.402,P=0.007)and positively correlated with the scores of Symbol Digit Modalities Test(r=0.381,P=0.011),Auditory Verbal Learning Test(AVLT)-N7(r=0.309,P=0.041),and Digital Span Test(r=0.300,P=0.048).The volume of the right molecular layer(t=-2.998,P=0.004)was also significantly reduced,which was positively associated with the scores of AVLT-N7(r=0.311,P=0.045).In addition,the left hippocampal fissure volume(t=3.617,P=0.002)was significantly increased in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION Declines in cognitive performance,especially memory and executive function,are linked to changes in the volumes of the right hippocampus-amygdala transition area and right molecular layer in patients with T2DM.展开更多
AIM：To investigate the predictive factors for shortterm effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections on central subfield foveal thickness（CSFT）in patients with macular edema（ME）secondary to central retinal vein...AIM：To investigate the predictive factors for shortterm effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections on central subfield foveal thickness（CSFT）in patients with macular edema（ME）secondary to central retinal vein occlusion（CRVO）.·METHODS：This was a retrospective study in 60 eyes treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections for ME due to CRVO.Follow-up was three months.The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（ETDRS）score and CSFT measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）were used to observe the changes in best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）.Baseline BCVA,CSFT,age,CRVO duration and the presence of cystoid macular edema（CME）or subretinal fluid（SRF）were analyzed as potential predictive factors of the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections.·R ESULTS：BCVA improved from 0.9 log MAR at baseline to 0.6 log MAR at 3mo,which was associated with a significant reduction in CSFT from 721μm to 392μm 3mo after injection.About 50%of CME cases and more than90%of SRF cases responded to treatment with a complete resolution at 3mo.Age（=0.036）and low baseline CSFT（=0.037）were associated with a good 3-month prognosis.Patients〉60 years old achieved better CME resolution（=0.031）and lower CSFT at 3mo（305μm 474μm,=0.003）.·CONCLUSION：Intravitreal bevacizumab significantly improved visual acuity and CSFT in patients with CRVO after 3mo.Older age and lower baseline CSFT were good predictors of short-term CSFT outcomes.The retinal thickness response to bevacizumab might depend on the resolution of CME rather than SRF.展开更多
The volume of hippocampal subfields is closely related with early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.Due to the anatomical complexity of hippocampal subfields,automatic segmentation merely on the content of MR image...The volume of hippocampal subfields is closely related with early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.Due to the anatomical complexity of hippocampal subfields,automatic segmentation merely on the content of MR images is extremely difficult.We presented a method which combines multi-atlas image segmentation with extreme learning machine based bias detection and correction technique to achieve a fully automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields.Symmetric diffeomorphic registration driven by symmetric mutual information energy was implemented in atlas registration,which allows multi-modal image registration and accelerates execution time.An exponential function based label fusion strategy was proposed for the normalized similarity measure case in segmentation combination,which yields better combination accuracy.The test results show that this method is effective,especially for the larger subfields with an overlap of more than 80%,which is competitive with the current methods and is of potential clinical significance.展开更多
Linear recurring sequences over finite fields play an important role in coding theory and cryptography. It is known that subfield subcodes of linear codes yield some good codes. In this paper, we study linear recurrin...Linear recurring sequences over finite fields play an important role in coding theory and cryptography. It is known that subfield subcodes of linear codes yield some good codes. In this paper, we study linear recurring sequences and subfield subcodes. Let Mqm(f(x)) denote the set of all linear recurring sequences over Fqm with characteristic polynomial f(x) over Fqm . Denote the restriction of Mqm(f(x)) to sequences over Fq and the set after applying trace function to each sequence in Mqm(f(x)) by Mqm(f(x)) | Fq and Tr( Mqm(f(x))), respectively. It is shown that these two sets are both complete sets of linear recurring sequences over Fq with some characteristic polynomials over Fq. In this paper, we firstly determine the characteristic polynomials for these two sets. Then, using these results, we determine the generator polynomials of subfield subcodes and trace codes of cyclic codes over Fqm .展开更多
Let F_(p)^(m) be a finite field with p^(m) elements,where p is an odd prime and m is a positive integer.Recently,[17]and[35]determined the weight distributions of subfield codes with the form C f={((T r(a f(x)+b x)+c)...Let F_(p)^(m) be a finite field with p^(m) elements,where p is an odd prime and m is a positive integer.Recently,[17]and[35]determined the weight distributions of subfield codes with the form C f={((T r(a f(x)+b x)+c)_(x∈F_(p)^(m)),T r(a)):a,b∈F_(p)^(m),c∈F_(p)}for f(x)=x^(2) and f(x)=x p k+1,respectively,where Tr(⋅)is the trace function from F_(p)^(m) to F_(p),and k is a nonnegative integer.In this paper,we further investigate the subfield code C f for f(x)being a known perfect nonlinear function over F_(p)^(m) and generalize some results in[17,35].The weight distributions of the constructed codes are determined by applying the theory of quadratic forms and the properties of perfect nonlinear functions over finite fields.In addition,the parameters of the duals of these codes are also determined.Several examples show that some of our codes and their duals have the best known parameters according to the code tables in[16].The duals of some proposed codes are optimal according to the Sphere Packing bound if p≥5.展开更多
目的利用水通道蛋白磁共振分子成像(aquaporin magnetic resonance molecular imaging,AQP-MRMI)技术对海马亚区进行定量分析,探讨AQP-MRMI技术在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法本研究共纳入59...目的利用水通道蛋白磁共振分子成像(aquaporin magnetic resonance molecular imaging,AQP-MRMI)技术对海马亚区进行定量分析,探讨AQP-MRMI技术在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法本研究共纳入59名受试者,包括AD组16名、轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)组22名和正常对照(normal control,NC)组21名。分析三组间海马亚区水通道蛋白表观扩散系数(aquaporin apparent diffusion coefficient,AQP-ADC)值差异是否具有统计学意义,并与认知评分进行相关性分析。绘制AQP-ADC值受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析其诊断效能。结果对比NC组,MCI组仅表现为左侧海马角(cornu ammonis,CA)1的AQP-ADC值升高(P<0.05),AD组则表现为双侧齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)-CA4、双侧CA1-3、左侧下托、双侧海马旁回及左侧内嗅皮层的AQP-ADC值升高(P<0.05);对比MCI组,AD组表现为双侧DG-CA4、双侧CA1-3、右侧下托及右侧海马旁回AQP-ADC值升高(P<0.05)。除右侧下托外,各海马亚区的AQP-ADC值均与简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)评分呈负相关,其中左侧DG-CA4(r=-0.607,P<0.001)、左侧CA1-3(r=-0.633,P<0.001)与MMSE评分表现出较显著的相关性。通过ROC曲线的分析发现,多个海马亚区感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)的AQP-ADC值可用于鉴别NC与AD、MCI,其中以左侧DG-CA4及左侧CA1-3的AQP-ADC值在NC与AD组间的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最大(AUC=0.905、0.940),并且具有较高的敏感度和特异度。结论本研究中多个海马亚区的AQP-ADC值与认知功能存在一定相关性,特别是左侧DG-CA4及左侧CA1-3亚区有助于评估认知障碍的严重程度,在鉴别AD与认知正常老年人上具有较优越的诊断效能,可以作为检测AD的生物标志物。左侧海马CA1亚区AQP-ADC值或许有望成为AD早期的潜在生物标记物。AQP-MRMI作为新兴水通道蛋白分子成像技术,可以在一定程度上反映AD的病理生理变化,在分子水平上为AD的诊断、治疗和预后评估提供更多的信息。展开更多
基金Supported by the Bethune Charitable Foundation,No.Z04JKM2022E035the Liyang City's 2023 Annual research and development Plan Follows Nanjing Project,No.LC2024001.
文摘BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that hippocampal damage serves as a marker of early cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);however,the association between hippocampal subregion volume changes and cognitive decline in different dimensions remains unclear.AIM To investigate changes in hippocampal subregion volumes in patients with T2DM and their relationship with cognitive function impairment.METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM and 32 healthy controls were recruited.All participants underwent a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scan and a series of clinical assessments.Hippocampal subfield volumes were determined using FreeSurfer 7.4.1.A two-sample t-test was used to evaluate group differences.Partial correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between hippocampal subregion volumes and cognitive function.aP<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS Compared with controls,the volume of right hippocampus-amygdala transition area(t=-3.053,P=0.003)in patients with T2DM was significantly reduced,which was negatively correlated with the required time of the Trail Making Test(TMT)-A(r=-0.331,P=0.028)and TMT-B(r=-0.402,P=0.007)and positively correlated with the scores of Symbol Digit Modalities Test(r=0.381,P=0.011),Auditory Verbal Learning Test(AVLT)-N7(r=0.309,P=0.041),and Digital Span Test(r=0.300,P=0.048).The volume of the right molecular layer(t=-2.998,P=0.004)was also significantly reduced,which was positively associated with the scores of AVLT-N7(r=0.311,P=0.045).In addition,the left hippocampal fissure volume(t=3.617,P=0.002)was significantly increased in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION Declines in cognitive performance,especially memory and executive function,are linked to changes in the volumes of the right hippocampus-amygdala transition area and right molecular layer in patients with T2DM.
文摘AIM：To investigate the predictive factors for shortterm effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections on central subfield foveal thickness（CSFT）in patients with macular edema（ME）secondary to central retinal vein occlusion（CRVO）.·METHODS：This was a retrospective study in 60 eyes treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections for ME due to CRVO.Follow-up was three months.The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（ETDRS）score and CSFT measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT）were used to observe the changes in best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）.Baseline BCVA,CSFT,age,CRVO duration and the presence of cystoid macular edema（CME）or subretinal fluid（SRF）were analyzed as potential predictive factors of the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections.·R ESULTS：BCVA improved from 0.9 log MAR at baseline to 0.6 log MAR at 3mo,which was associated with a significant reduction in CSFT from 721μm to 392μm 3mo after injection.About 50%of CME cases and more than90%of SRF cases responded to treatment with a complete resolution at 3mo.Age（=0.036）and low baseline CSFT（=0.037）were associated with a good 3-month prognosis.Patients〉60 years old achieved better CME resolution（=0.031）and lower CSFT at 3mo（305μm 474μm,=0.003）.·CONCLUSION：Intravitreal bevacizumab significantly improved visual acuity and CSFT in patients with CRVO after 3mo.Older age and lower baseline CSFT were good predictors of short-term CSFT outcomes.The retinal thickness response to bevacizumab might depend on the resolution of CME rather than SRF.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60971133,61271112)
文摘The volume of hippocampal subfields is closely related with early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.Due to the anatomical complexity of hippocampal subfields,automatic segmentation merely on the content of MR images is extremely difficult.We presented a method which combines multi-atlas image segmentation with extreme learning machine based bias detection and correction technique to achieve a fully automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields.Symmetric diffeomorphic registration driven by symmetric mutual information energy was implemented in atlas registration,which allows multi-modal image registration and accelerates execution time.An exponential function based label fusion strategy was proposed for the normalized similarity measure case in segmentation combination,which yields better combination accuracy.The test results show that this method is effective,especially for the larger subfields with an overlap of more than 80%,which is competitive with the current methods and is of potential clinical significance.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Grant No.2013CB834204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61171082 and 10990011)
文摘Linear recurring sequences over finite fields play an important role in coding theory and cryptography. It is known that subfield subcodes of linear codes yield some good codes. In this paper, we study linear recurring sequences and subfield subcodes. Let Mqm(f(x)) denote the set of all linear recurring sequences over Fqm with characteristic polynomial f(x) over Fqm . Denote the restriction of Mqm(f(x)) to sequences over Fq and the set after applying trace function to each sequence in Mqm(f(x)) by Mqm(f(x)) | Fq and Tr( Mqm(f(x))), respectively. It is shown that these two sets are both complete sets of linear recurring sequences over Fq with some characteristic polynomials over Fq. In this paper, we firstly determine the characteristic polynomials for these two sets. Then, using these results, we determine the generator polynomials of subfield subcodes and trace codes of cyclic codes over Fqm .
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants 11971156 and 12001175.
文摘Let F_(p)^(m) be a finite field with p^(m) elements,where p is an odd prime and m is a positive integer.Recently,[17]and[35]determined the weight distributions of subfield codes with the form C f={((T r(a f(x)+b x)+c)_(x∈F_(p)^(m)),T r(a)):a,b∈F_(p)^(m),c∈F_(p)}for f(x)=x^(2) and f(x)=x p k+1,respectively,where Tr(⋅)is the trace function from F_(p)^(m) to F_(p),and k is a nonnegative integer.In this paper,we further investigate the subfield code C f for f(x)being a known perfect nonlinear function over F_(p)^(m) and generalize some results in[17,35].The weight distributions of the constructed codes are determined by applying the theory of quadratic forms and the properties of perfect nonlinear functions over finite fields.In addition,the parameters of the duals of these codes are also determined.Several examples show that some of our codes and their duals have the best known parameters according to the code tables in[16].The duals of some proposed codes are optimal according to the Sphere Packing bound if p≥5.
文摘目的利用水通道蛋白磁共振分子成像(aquaporin magnetic resonance molecular imaging,AQP-MRMI)技术对海马亚区进行定量分析,探讨AQP-MRMI技术在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)诊断中的应用价值。材料与方法本研究共纳入59名受试者,包括AD组16名、轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)组22名和正常对照(normal control,NC)组21名。分析三组间海马亚区水通道蛋白表观扩散系数(aquaporin apparent diffusion coefficient,AQP-ADC)值差异是否具有统计学意义,并与认知评分进行相关性分析。绘制AQP-ADC值受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析其诊断效能。结果对比NC组,MCI组仅表现为左侧海马角(cornu ammonis,CA)1的AQP-ADC值升高(P<0.05),AD组则表现为双侧齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)-CA4、双侧CA1-3、左侧下托、双侧海马旁回及左侧内嗅皮层的AQP-ADC值升高(P<0.05);对比MCI组,AD组表现为双侧DG-CA4、双侧CA1-3、右侧下托及右侧海马旁回AQP-ADC值升高(P<0.05)。除右侧下托外,各海马亚区的AQP-ADC值均与简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)评分呈负相关,其中左侧DG-CA4(r=-0.607,P<0.001)、左侧CA1-3(r=-0.633,P<0.001)与MMSE评分表现出较显著的相关性。通过ROC曲线的分析发现,多个海马亚区感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)的AQP-ADC值可用于鉴别NC与AD、MCI,其中以左侧DG-CA4及左侧CA1-3的AQP-ADC值在NC与AD组间的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最大(AUC=0.905、0.940),并且具有较高的敏感度和特异度。结论本研究中多个海马亚区的AQP-ADC值与认知功能存在一定相关性,特别是左侧DG-CA4及左侧CA1-3亚区有助于评估认知障碍的严重程度,在鉴别AD与认知正常老年人上具有较优越的诊断效能,可以作为检测AD的生物标志物。左侧海马CA1亚区AQP-ADC值或许有望成为AD早期的潜在生物标记物。AQP-MRMI作为新兴水通道蛋白分子成像技术,可以在一定程度上反映AD的病理生理变化,在分子水平上为AD的诊断、治疗和预后评估提供更多的信息。
