A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze ...A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze River Valley during the mei-yu period of 1991. The simulation results showed that by considering the sub-grid scale topography scheme, one can significantly improve the performance of the model for simulating the rainfall distribution and intensity during these three heavy rainfall events, most especially the second and third. It was also discovered that the rainfall was mainly due to convective precipitation. The comparison between experiments, either with and without the sub-grid scale topography scheme, showed that the model using the scheme reproduced the convergence intensity and distribution at the 850 hPa level and the ascending motion and moisture convergence center located at 500 hPa over the Yangtze River valley. However, some deviations still exist in the simulation of the atmospheric moisture content, the convergence distribution and the moisture transportation route, which mainly result in lower simulated precipitation levels. Further analysis of the simulation results demonstrated that the sub-grid topography scheme modified the distribution of the surface energy budget components, especially at the south and southwest edges of the Tibetan Plateau, leading to the development and eastward propagation of the negative geopotential height difference and positive temperature-lapse rate difference at 700 hPa, which possibly led to an improved precipitation simulation over eastern China.展开更多
In this paper, a modified sub-gridding scheme that hybridizes the conventional finite-difference time-domain（FDTD）method and the unconditionally stable locally one-dimensional（LOD） FDTD is developed for analyzing ...In this paper, a modified sub-gridding scheme that hybridizes the conventional finite-difference time-domain（FDTD）method and the unconditionally stable locally one-dimensional（LOD） FDTD is developed for analyzing the periodic metallic nanoparticle arrays. The dispersion of the metal, caused by the evanescent wave propagating along the metal-dielectric interface, is expressed by the Drude model and solved with a generalized auxiliary differential equation（ADE） technique.In the sub-gridding scheme, the ADE–FDTD is applied to the global coarse grids while the ADE–LOD–FDTD is applied to the local fine grids. The time step sizes in the fine-grid region and coarse-grid region can be synchronized, and thus obviating the temporal interpolation of the fields in the time-marching process. Numerical examples about extraordinary optical transmission through the periodic metallic nanoparticle array are provided to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
In this study,we developed a novel optical-flow algorithm for determining the wall shear-stress on the surface of objects.The algorithm solves the thin-oil-film equation using a numerical scheme that recovers local fe...In this study,we developed a novel optical-flow algorithm for determining the wall shear-stress on the surface of objects.The algorithm solves the thin-oil-film equation using a numerical scheme that recovers local features neglected by smoothing filters.A variational formulation with a smoothness constraint was applied to extract the global shear-stress fields.The algorithm was then applied to scalar images generated using direct numerical simulation(DNS)method,which revealed that the errors were smaller than those of conventional methods.The application of the proposed algorithm to recover the wall shear-stress on a low-aspect-ratio wing and on an axisymmetric boattail model taken as examples in this study showed a strong potential for analysing shear-stress fields.Compared to the methods used in previous studies,proposed method reveals more local features of separation line and singular points on object surface.展开更多
The present study proposes a sub-grid scale model for the one-dimensional Burgers turbulence based on the neuralnetwork and deep learning method.The filtered data of the direct numerical simulation is used to establis...The present study proposes a sub-grid scale model for the one-dimensional Burgers turbulence based on the neuralnetwork and deep learning method.The filtered data of the direct numerical simulation is used to establish thetraining data set,the validation data set,and the test data set.The artificial neural network(ANN)methodand Back Propagation method are employed to train parameters in the ANN.The developed ANN is applied toconstruct the sub-grid scale model for the large eddy simulation of the Burgers turbulence in the one-dimensionalspace.The proposed model well predicts the time correlation and the space correlation of the Burgers turbulence.展开更多
In this paper,two sub-grid scale(SGS)models are introduced into the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM),i.e.,the dynamics SGS model and the dynamical system SGS model,and applied to numerically solving three-dimensional hig...In this paper,two sub-grid scale(SGS)models are introduced into the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM),i.e.,the dynamics SGS model and the dynamical system SGS model,and applied to numerically solving three-dimensional high Re turbulent cavity flows.Results are compared with those obtained from the Smagorinsky model and direct numerical simulation for the same cases.It is shown that the method with LBM dynamics SGS model has advantages of fast computation speed,suitable to simulate high Re turbulent flows.In addition,it can capture detailed fine structures of turbulent flow fields.The method with LBM dynamical system SGS model dose not contain any adjustable parameters,and can be used in simulations of various complicated turbulent flows to obtain correct information of sub-grid flow field,such as the backscatter of energy transportation between large and small scales.A new average method of eliminating the inherent unphysical oscillation of LBM is also given in the paper.展开更多
The accuracy of large eddy simulation(LES)is highly dependent on the performance of sub-grid scale(SGS)model.In the present paper,a dynamic cubic nonlinear sub-grid scale model(DCNM)proposed by Huang et al.is implemen...The accuracy of large eddy simulation(LES)is highly dependent on the performance of sub-grid scale(SGS)model.In the present paper,a dynamic cubic nonlinear sub-grid scale model(DCNM)proposed by Huang et al.is implemented for the simulation of unsteady cavitating flow around a 3-D Clark-Y hydrofoil in OpenFOAM.Its performance in predicting the evolution of cloud cavitation is discussed in detail.The simulation with a linear model,the dynamic Smagorinsky model(DSM),is also conducted as a comparison.The results with DCNM show a better agreement with the available experimental observation.The comparison between DCNM and DSM further suggests that the DCNM is able to predict the backscatter more precisely,which is an important feature in LES.The characteristics of DCNM is analyzed to account for its advantages in the prediction of unsteady cloud cavitation as well.The results reveal that it is the nonlinear terms of DCNM that makes DCNM capture sub-grid scale vortices better and more suitable for studying the transient behaviors of cloud cavitation than DSM.展开更多
An LES/FDF model was developed by the authors to investigate the SGS effect on the particle motion in the gas-particle two-phase plane wake flow.The simulation results of dispersion rate for different particles were c...An LES/FDF model was developed by the authors to investigate the SGS effect on the particle motion in the gas-particle two-phase plane wake flow.The simulation results of dispersion rate for different particles were compared with the results without using the FDF model.It was shown that the large eddy structure is the dominant factor influencing the particle diffu-sion in space for small particles(small Stokes-number particles),but for intermediate or large diameter particles,the influence of the sub-grid scale eddies on the dispersion rate is in the same order as that of the large eddies.The sub-grid scale eddies increase the particle dispersion rate in most time,but sometimes they decrease the dispersion rate.The sub-grid scale particle dispersion rate is decided not only by the intensity of sub-grid scale eddies and the Stokes number of the particles,but also by the large eddy structure of the flow field.For the particles in isotropic turbulence,the dispersion rate decreases as the particle diameter increases.展开更多
The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method is used effectively to solve electromagnetic(EM)scattering and radiation problems using a 3D sub-gridding algorithm.For accuracy and stability of the FDTD method,the compu...The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method is used effectively to solve electromagnetic(EM)scattering and radiation problems using a 3D sub-gridding algorithm.For accuracy and stability of the FDTD method,the computational domain of EM problems with locally fine structures or electrically small objects is discretized with finer grids.This sub-gridding algorithm for different regions of the computational domain was implemented to increase the accuracy and reduce the computational time and memory requirements compared to those of the traditional FDTD method.In the sub-gridding algorithm,the FDTD computational domain is divided into separate regions:coarse grid and fine grid regions.Since the cell sizes and time steps are different in the coarse and fine grid regions,interpolations in both time and space are used to evaluate the electric and magnetic fields on the boundaries between different regions.The accuracy of the developed 3D sub-gridding algorithm has been verified for radiation and scattering problems,including multiple fine grid regions.Excellent performance is obtained even for higher and different contrast ratios in fine grid regions.展开更多
In this paper,we present an efficient computational methodology for diffusion and convection-diffusion problems in highly heterogeneous media as well as convection-dominated diffusion problem.It is well known that the...In this paper,we present an efficient computational methodology for diffusion and convection-diffusion problems in highly heterogeneous media as well as convection-dominated diffusion problem.It is well known that the numerical computation for these problems requires a significant amount of computermemory and time.Nevertheless,the solutions to these problems typically contain a coarse component,which is usually the quantity of interest and can be represented with a small number of degrees of freedom.There are many methods that aim at the computation of the coarse component without resolving the full details of the solution.Our proposed method falls into the framework of interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method,which is proved to be an effective and accurate class of methods for numerical solutions of partial differential equations.A distinctive feature of our method is that the solution space contains two components,namely a coarse space that gives a polynomial approximation to the coarse component in the traditional way and a multiscale space which contains sub-grid structures of the solution and is essential to the computation of the coarse component.In addition,stability of the method is proved.The numerical results indicate that the method can accurately capture the coarse behavior of the solution for problems in highly heterogeneous media as well as boundary and internal layers for convection-dominated problems.展开更多
Sub-grid effective drag,filtered and residual stresses in the meso-scale of gas-particle fluidized flows are intrinsically affected by underlying micro-scale conditions as well as non-local effects related to macro-sc...Sub-grid effective drag,filtered and residual stresses in the meso-scale of gas-particle fluidized flows are intrinsically affected by underlying micro-scale conditions as well as non-local effects related to macro-scale conditions.In this work we applied microscopic two-fluid modeling to experiment with particle Froude number in order to evaluate the impact of this micro-scale condition over the concerning meso-scale derived sub-grid parameters.We performed highly resolved simulations in periodic domains for particle Froude numbers from 12.21 to 799.22,for a wide range of macro-scale conditions.Results were filtered and classified by ranges of meso-scale markers for the various particle Froude numbers.The particle Froude number was found to considerably affect the structural refinement of the heterogeneous flow fields thereby directly impacting effective drag,filtered and residual stresses.All of those parameters showed systematic behaviors in relation to particle Froude number,thereby providing sound data for new sub-grid modeling propositions.展开更多
本文根据压水堆(Pressurized Water Reactor,PWR)堆芯燃料组件间定向横流与湍流交混等流动换热特性,提出了一种基于Sub栅元尺度的压水堆堆芯子通道计算分析方法,通过细致划分Sub栅元控制体,建立高分辨率三维动量源模型,自主开发了基于...本文根据压水堆(Pressurized Water Reactor,PWR)堆芯燃料组件间定向横流与湍流交混等流动换热特性,提出了一种基于Sub栅元尺度的压水堆堆芯子通道计算分析方法,通过细致划分Sub栅元控制体,建立高分辨率三维动量源模型,自主开发了基于此方法的压水堆堆芯精细栅元子通道分析程序CUNLUN。选取OECD/NEA MATiS-H和EPRI NESTOR国际基准题进行数值模拟验证。在MATiS-H国际基准题中,4个不同位置的轴向速度平均相对误差为9.07%,该程序可以准确评估压水堆堆芯的热工水力特性。在NESTOR国际基准题中,32个对比点内有24个点的计算精度提升69.08%,表明高分辨率三维动量源模型可以有效提高CUNLUN代码的计算精度。本代码能为压水堆堆芯热工水力分析提供有效的设计和研究手段,对反应堆堆芯热工水力分析程序的开发提供借鉴与参考。展开更多
为解决基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)在陆上交流电网故障时出现的盈余功率问题,首先计算验证了能量预警值的合理性,并设计了自适应动作能量值,...为解决基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)在陆上交流电网故障时出现的盈余功率问题,首先计算验证了能量预警值的合理性,并设计了自适应动作能量值,解决距离和控制转换时延造成子模块过电压的问题;然后分析网侧变流器(grid-side converter,GSC)在低压穿越期间的动态输出特性,提出了基于直流电压变化率反馈的海上换流站精准降压控制用以进行风机减载;最终通过整定协同控制的逻辑与控制参数,提出了一种基于风机精准减载与子模块电容能量协同控制的低电压故障穿越策略,解决故障期间系统能量裕度利用率低与耗能装置投资大的问题。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型验证方法有效性,并与现有方法比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法可显著减少甚至避免耗能装置的投入,且具有自适应性,可在不同故障工况下尽可能利用MMC-HVDC系统的能量裕度,尤其在故障程度较轻的工况下,能在故障消除时保留部分能量裕度,有效应对电压二次跌落,提高系统低压穿越能力。展开更多
中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所自2017年开始推进中亚区域快速更新多尺度分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA的研发工作,并在多源资料联合同化技术、参数化方案优化和动力框架调整方面取得了一定的研究成果。在回顾RMAPS-CA业务研发历程的基础上...中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所自2017年开始推进中亚区域快速更新多尺度分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA的研发工作,并在多源资料联合同化技术、参数化方案优化和动力框架调整方面取得了一定的研究成果。在回顾RMAPS-CA业务研发历程的基础上,重点对雷达反射率同化、高空次网格地形重力波拖曳与近地层阻塞拖曳分离的次网格物理过程、混合地形追随坐标动力框架以及基于贝叶斯模式平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)方法订正预报产品等方面所取得的研究成果进行综述。针对中亚地区常规观测稀疏且沙漠下垫面范围广等特点,从卫星地面通道同化等方面提出了加强中亚区域数值天气预报业务研发及应用的建议。展开更多
The Vortex Particle Method(VPM)is a meshless Lagrangian vortex method.Its low numerical dissipation is exceptionally suitable for wake simulation.Nevertheless,the inadequate numerical stability of VPM prevents its wid...The Vortex Particle Method(VPM)is a meshless Lagrangian vortex method.Its low numerical dissipation is exceptionally suitable for wake simulation.Nevertheless,the inadequate numerical stability of VPM prevents its widespread application in high Reynolds number flow and shear turbulence.To better simulate these flows,this paper proposes the stability-enhanced VPM based on a Reformulated VPM(RVPM)constrained by conservation of angular momentum,integrating a relaxation scheme to suppress the divergence of the vorticity field,and further coupling the Sub-Grid Scale(SGS)model to account for the turbulence dissipation caused by vortex advection and vortex stretching.The validity of the RVPM is confirmed by simulating an isolated vortex ring's evolution.The results also demonstrate that the relaxation scheme of vorticity enhances the numerical stability of the VPM by mitigating the divergence of the vorticity field.The leapfrogging vortex rings simulation demonstrates that the RVPM with the present SGS model can more precisely feature the leapfrog and fusion of vortex rings and has improved numerical stability in high Reynolds number flows.The round turbulent jet simulation confirms that the stability-enhanced VPM can stably simulate shear turbulence and accurately resolve fluctuating components and Reynolds stresses in the turbulence.展开更多
直驱风电机组控制系统与弱交流线路间因动态相互作用易引发次同步振荡。为此,提出了一种基于双锁相环补偿电流的次同步振荡抑制策略。通过推导系统的传递函数模型,分析了风机控制系统与交流线路间相互作用对并网系统稳定性的影响,揭示...直驱风电机组控制系统与弱交流线路间因动态相互作用易引发次同步振荡。为此,提出了一种基于双锁相环补偿电流的次同步振荡抑制策略。通过推导系统的传递函数模型,分析了风机控制系统与交流线路间相互作用对并网系统稳定性的影响,揭示了系统的次同步振荡机理;在传统附加次同步阻尼控制(sub-synchronous damping controller,SSDC)的基础上,考虑锁相环相角扰动,通过双锁相环在风机网侧变流器(gride side converter,GSC)电压外环控制系统中引入补偿电流,以削弱风机GSC与交流线路间引发次同步振荡的相互作用,从而抑制次同步振荡。仿真结果验证了所提方法在电网强度变化与风速变化工况下的抑制效果。展开更多
文摘A P - σ regional climate model using a parameterization scheme to account for the thermal effects of the sub-grid scale orography was used to simulate the three heavy rainfall events that occurred within the Yangtze River Valley during the mei-yu period of 1991. The simulation results showed that by considering the sub-grid scale topography scheme, one can significantly improve the performance of the model for simulating the rainfall distribution and intensity during these three heavy rainfall events, most especially the second and third. It was also discovered that the rainfall was mainly due to convective precipitation. The comparison between experiments, either with and without the sub-grid scale topography scheme, showed that the model using the scheme reproduced the convergence intensity and distribution at the 850 hPa level and the ascending motion and moisture convergence center located at 500 hPa over the Yangtze River valley. However, some deviations still exist in the simulation of the atmospheric moisture content, the convergence distribution and the moisture transportation route, which mainly result in lower simulated precipitation levels. Further analysis of the simulation results demonstrated that the sub-grid topography scheme modified the distribution of the surface energy budget components, especially at the south and southwest edges of the Tibetan Plateau, leading to the development and eastward propagation of the negative geopotential height difference and positive temperature-lapse rate difference at 700 hPa, which possibly led to an improved precipitation simulation over eastern China.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61471105 and 61331007)
文摘In this paper, a modified sub-gridding scheme that hybridizes the conventional finite-difference time-domain（FDTD）method and the unconditionally stable locally one-dimensional（LOD） FDTD is developed for analyzing the periodic metallic nanoparticle arrays. The dispersion of the metal, caused by the evanescent wave propagating along the metal-dielectric interface, is expressed by the Drude model and solved with a generalized auxiliary differential equation（ADE） technique.In the sub-gridding scheme, the ADE–FDTD is applied to the global coarse grids while the ADE–LOD–FDTD is applied to the local fine grids. The time step sizes in the fine-grid region and coarse-grid region can be synchronized, and thus obviating the temporal interpolation of the fields in the time-marching process. Numerical examples about extraordinary optical transmission through the periodic metallic nanoparticle array are provided to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
文摘In this study,we developed a novel optical-flow algorithm for determining the wall shear-stress on the surface of objects.The algorithm solves the thin-oil-film equation using a numerical scheme that recovers local features neglected by smoothing filters.A variational formulation with a smoothness constraint was applied to extract the global shear-stress fields.The algorithm was then applied to scalar images generated using direct numerical simulation(DNS)method,which revealed that the errors were smaller than those of conventional methods.The application of the proposed algorithm to recover the wall shear-stress on a low-aspect-ratio wing and on an axisymmetric boattail model taken as examples in this study showed a strong potential for analysing shear-stress fields.Compared to the methods used in previous studies,proposed method reveals more local features of separation line and singular points on object surface.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3303500).
文摘The present study proposes a sub-grid scale model for the one-dimensional Burgers turbulence based on the neuralnetwork and deep learning method.The filtered data of the direct numerical simulation is used to establish thetraining data set,the validation data set,and the test data set.The artificial neural network(ANN)methodand Back Propagation method are employed to train parameters in the ANN.The developed ANN is applied toconstruct the sub-grid scale model for the large eddy simulation of the Burgers turbulence in the one-dimensionalspace.The proposed model well predicts the time correlation and the space correlation of the Burgers turbulence.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10532030)
文摘In this paper,two sub-grid scale(SGS)models are introduced into the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM),i.e.,the dynamics SGS model and the dynamical system SGS model,and applied to numerically solving three-dimensional high Re turbulent cavity flows.Results are compared with those obtained from the Smagorinsky model and direct numerical simulation for the same cases.It is shown that the method with LBM dynamics SGS model has advantages of fast computation speed,suitable to simulate high Re turbulent flows.In addition,it can capture detailed fine structures of turbulent flow fields.The method with LBM dynamical system SGS model dose not contain any adjustable parameters,and can be used in simulations of various complicated turbulent flows to obtain correct information of sub-grid flow field,such as the backscatter of energy transportation between large and small scales.A new average method of eliminating the inherent unphysical oscillation of LBM is also given in the paper.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51822903,11772239).
文摘The accuracy of large eddy simulation(LES)is highly dependent on the performance of sub-grid scale(SGS)model.In the present paper,a dynamic cubic nonlinear sub-grid scale model(DCNM)proposed by Huang et al.is implemented for the simulation of unsteady cavitating flow around a 3-D Clark-Y hydrofoil in OpenFOAM.Its performance in predicting the evolution of cloud cavitation is discussed in detail.The simulation with a linear model,the dynamic Smagorinsky model(DSM),is also conducted as a comparison.The results with DCNM show a better agreement with the available experimental observation.The comparison between DCNM and DSM further suggests that the DCNM is able to predict the backscatter more precisely,which is an important feature in LES.The characteristics of DCNM is analyzed to account for its advantages in the prediction of unsteady cloud cavitation as well.The results reveal that it is the nonlinear terms of DCNM that makes DCNM capture sub-grid scale vortices better and more suitable for studying the transient behaviors of cloud cavitation than DSM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10502044,10772162)the Defense-based research project(Grant No.A1420080144)the Major projects on control and rectification of water body pollution(Grant No.2009ZX07424-001)
文摘An LES/FDF model was developed by the authors to investigate the SGS effect on the particle motion in the gas-particle two-phase plane wake flow.The simulation results of dispersion rate for different particles were compared with the results without using the FDF model.It was shown that the large eddy structure is the dominant factor influencing the particle diffu-sion in space for small particles(small Stokes-number particles),but for intermediate or large diameter particles,the influence of the sub-grid scale eddies on the dispersion rate is in the same order as that of the large eddies.The sub-grid scale eddies increase the particle dispersion rate in most time,but sometimes they decrease the dispersion rate.The sub-grid scale particle dispersion rate is decided not only by the intensity of sub-grid scale eddies and the Stokes number of the particles,but also by the large eddy structure of the flow field.For the particles in isotropic turbulence,the dispersion rate decreases as the particle diameter increases.
文摘The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method is used effectively to solve electromagnetic(EM)scattering and radiation problems using a 3D sub-gridding algorithm.For accuracy and stability of the FDTD method,the computational domain of EM problems with locally fine structures or electrically small objects is discretized with finer grids.This sub-gridding algorithm for different regions of the computational domain was implemented to increase the accuracy and reduce the computational time and memory requirements compared to those of the traditional FDTD method.In the sub-gridding algorithm,the FDTD computational domain is divided into separate regions:coarse grid and fine grid regions.Since the cell sizes and time steps are different in the coarse and fine grid regions,interpolations in both time and space are used to evaluate the electric and magnetic fields on the boundaries between different regions.The accuracy of the developed 3D sub-gridding algorithm has been verified for radiation and scattering problems,including multiple fine grid regions.Excellent performance is obtained even for higher and different contrast ratios in fine grid regions.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong SAR(Project No.CUHK401010).
文摘In this paper,we present an efficient computational methodology for diffusion and convection-diffusion problems in highly heterogeneous media as well as convection-dominated diffusion problem.It is well known that the numerical computation for these problems requires a significant amount of computermemory and time.Nevertheless,the solutions to these problems typically contain a coarse component,which is usually the quantity of interest and can be represented with a small number of degrees of freedom.There are many methods that aim at the computation of the coarse component without resolving the full details of the solution.Our proposed method falls into the framework of interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method,which is proved to be an effective and accurate class of methods for numerical solutions of partial differential equations.A distinctive feature of our method is that the solution space contains two components,namely a coarse space that gives a polynomial approximation to the coarse component in the traditional way and a multiscale space which contains sub-grid structures of the solution and is essential to the computation of the coarse component.In addition,stability of the method is proved.The numerical results indicate that the method can accurately capture the coarse behavior of the solution for problems in highly heterogeneous media as well as boundary and internal layers for convection-dominated problems.
基金supported by The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq),both from Brazil.
文摘Sub-grid effective drag,filtered and residual stresses in the meso-scale of gas-particle fluidized flows are intrinsically affected by underlying micro-scale conditions as well as non-local effects related to macro-scale conditions.In this work we applied microscopic two-fluid modeling to experiment with particle Froude number in order to evaluate the impact of this micro-scale condition over the concerning meso-scale derived sub-grid parameters.We performed highly resolved simulations in periodic domains for particle Froude numbers from 12.21 to 799.22,for a wide range of macro-scale conditions.Results were filtered and classified by ranges of meso-scale markers for the various particle Froude numbers.The particle Froude number was found to considerably affect the structural refinement of the heterogeneous flow fields thereby directly impacting effective drag,filtered and residual stresses.All of those parameters showed systematic behaviors in relation to particle Froude number,thereby providing sound data for new sub-grid modeling propositions.
文摘本文根据压水堆(Pressurized Water Reactor,PWR)堆芯燃料组件间定向横流与湍流交混等流动换热特性,提出了一种基于Sub栅元尺度的压水堆堆芯子通道计算分析方法,通过细致划分Sub栅元控制体,建立高分辨率三维动量源模型,自主开发了基于此方法的压水堆堆芯精细栅元子通道分析程序CUNLUN。选取OECD/NEA MATiS-H和EPRI NESTOR国际基准题进行数值模拟验证。在MATiS-H国际基准题中,4个不同位置的轴向速度平均相对误差为9.07%,该程序可以准确评估压水堆堆芯的热工水力特性。在NESTOR国际基准题中,32个对比点内有24个点的计算精度提升69.08%,表明高分辨率三维动量源模型可以有效提高CUNLUN代码的计算精度。本代码能为压水堆堆芯热工水力分析提供有效的设计和研究手段,对反应堆堆芯热工水力分析程序的开发提供借鉴与参考。
文摘为解决基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)在陆上交流电网故障时出现的盈余功率问题,首先计算验证了能量预警值的合理性,并设计了自适应动作能量值,解决距离和控制转换时延造成子模块过电压的问题;然后分析网侧变流器(grid-side converter,GSC)在低压穿越期间的动态输出特性,提出了基于直流电压变化率反馈的海上换流站精准降压控制用以进行风机减载;最终通过整定协同控制的逻辑与控制参数,提出了一种基于风机精准减载与子模块电容能量协同控制的低电压故障穿越策略,解决故障期间系统能量裕度利用率低与耗能装置投资大的问题。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型验证方法有效性,并与现有方法比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法可显著减少甚至避免耗能装置的投入,且具有自适应性,可在不同故障工况下尽可能利用MMC-HVDC系统的能量裕度,尤其在故障程度较轻的工况下,能在故障消除时保留部分能量裕度,有效应对电压二次跌落,提高系统低压穿越能力。
文摘中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所自2017年开始推进中亚区域快速更新多尺度分析和预报系统RMAPS-CA的研发工作,并在多源资料联合同化技术、参数化方案优化和动力框架调整方面取得了一定的研究成果。在回顾RMAPS-CA业务研发历程的基础上,重点对雷达反射率同化、高空次网格地形重力波拖曳与近地层阻塞拖曳分离的次网格物理过程、混合地形追随坐标动力框架以及基于贝叶斯模式平均(Bayesian Model Averaging,BMA)方法订正预报产品等方面所取得的研究成果进行综述。针对中亚地区常规观测稀疏且沙漠下垫面范围广等特点,从卫星地面通道同化等方面提出了加强中亚区域数值天气预报业务研发及应用的建议。
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12402272)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024JC-YBQN-0024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.D5000240030)。
文摘The Vortex Particle Method(VPM)is a meshless Lagrangian vortex method.Its low numerical dissipation is exceptionally suitable for wake simulation.Nevertheless,the inadequate numerical stability of VPM prevents its widespread application in high Reynolds number flow and shear turbulence.To better simulate these flows,this paper proposes the stability-enhanced VPM based on a Reformulated VPM(RVPM)constrained by conservation of angular momentum,integrating a relaxation scheme to suppress the divergence of the vorticity field,and further coupling the Sub-Grid Scale(SGS)model to account for the turbulence dissipation caused by vortex advection and vortex stretching.The validity of the RVPM is confirmed by simulating an isolated vortex ring's evolution.The results also demonstrate that the relaxation scheme of vorticity enhances the numerical stability of the VPM by mitigating the divergence of the vorticity field.The leapfrogging vortex rings simulation demonstrates that the RVPM with the present SGS model can more precisely feature the leapfrog and fusion of vortex rings and has improved numerical stability in high Reynolds number flows.The round turbulent jet simulation confirms that the stability-enhanced VPM can stably simulate shear turbulence and accurately resolve fluctuating components and Reynolds stresses in the turbulence.
文摘直驱风电机组控制系统与弱交流线路间因动态相互作用易引发次同步振荡。为此,提出了一种基于双锁相环补偿电流的次同步振荡抑制策略。通过推导系统的传递函数模型,分析了风机控制系统与交流线路间相互作用对并网系统稳定性的影响,揭示了系统的次同步振荡机理;在传统附加次同步阻尼控制(sub-synchronous damping controller,SSDC)的基础上,考虑锁相环相角扰动,通过双锁相环在风机网侧变流器(gride side converter,GSC)电压外环控制系统中引入补偿电流,以削弱风机GSC与交流线路间引发次同步振荡的相互作用,从而抑制次同步振荡。仿真结果验证了所提方法在电网强度变化与风速变化工况下的抑制效果。
