THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between c...THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation,grain boundary(GB)proximity,and pore characteristics(size/location).This study compares single-crystal nickel models along[100],[110],and[111]orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0,1,and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations.Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4%higher elastic modulus and 22.2%greater hardness in[111]-oriented single crystals compared to[100].Pore-GB synergistic effects are found to dominate the deformation behavior:2.5 nm subsurface pores reduce hardness by 25.2%through stress concentration and dislocation annihilation at GBs,whereas surface pores enable mechanical recovery via accelerated dislocation generation post-collapse.Additionally,size-dependent deformation regimes were identified,with 1 nm pores inducing negligible perturbation due to rapid atomic rearrangement,in contrast with persistent softening in 2.5 nm pores.These findings establish atomic-scale design principles for defect engineering in nickel-based aerospace components,demonstrating how crystallographic orientation,pore configuration,and GB interactions collectively govern nanoindentation behavior.展开更多
In this study,we perform particle-resolved simulations of settling spheroidal particles,considering oblate and prolate spheroids and spheres,and investigate the shape effect on the particle dynamics in suspensions wit...In this study,we perform particle-resolved simulations of settling spheroidal particles,considering oblate and prolate spheroids and spheres,and investigate the shape effect on the particle dynamics in suspensions with volume fraction 1%and 5%.We first examine the single-point statistics of the translational and rotational motion of the settling particles.The horizontal velocity has a symmetrical distribution with standard deviation dependent on the particle shape.The greater horizontal velocity fluctuations of the non-spherical particles,compared to that of spheres,are attributed to the horizontal drift of settling spheroids with oblique orientations induced by the fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions.The fluctuation of particle vertical velocity,instead,is skewed under the effect of wake-induced hydrodynamic interactions.Further,we explore the particle pair statistics,which demonstrate the formation of column-like particle micro-structures for the lowest volume fraction considered.This clustering is more pronounced for spheroidal particles than spheres,due to the stronger attractions among vertically-aligned settling spheroids.Moreover,the particle pair statistics are directly related to the collision rate among the dispersed particles.The local accumulation of oblate/prolate spheroids serves as the major mechanism to promote the particle-particle collisions in dilute suspensions.展开更多
Lead(Pb)is a typical low-melting-point ductile metal and serves as an important model material in the study of dynamic responses.Under shock-wave loading,its dynamic mechanical behavior comprises two key phenomena:pla...Lead(Pb)is a typical low-melting-point ductile metal and serves as an important model material in the study of dynamic responses.Under shock-wave loading,its dynamic mechanical behavior comprises two key phenomena:plastic deformation and shock-induced phase transitions.The underlying mechanisms of these processes are still poorly understood.Revealing these mechanisms remains challenging for experimental approaches.Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations are an alternative theoretical tool for studying dynamic responses,as they capture atomic-scale mechanisms such as defect evolution and deformation pathways.However,due to the limited accuracy of empirical interatomic potentials,the reliability of previous NEMD studies has been questioned.Using our newly developed machine learning potential for Pb-Sn alloys,we revisited the microstructural evolution in response to shock loading under various shock orientations.The results reveal that shock loading along the[001]orientation of Pb exhibits a fast,reversible,and massive phase transition and stacking-fault evolution.The behavior of Pb differs from previous studies by the absence of twinning during plastic deformation.Loading along the[011]orientation leads to slow,irreversible plastic deformation,and a localized FCC-BCC phase transition in the Pitsch orientation relationship.This study provides crucial theoretical insights into the dynamic mechanical response of Pb,offering a theoretical input for understanding the microstructure-performance relationship under extreme conditions.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)devices demonstrate great promising potential for reservoir computing(RC)systems,but their lack of tunable dynamic characteristics limits their application in multi-temporal sca...Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)devices demonstrate great promising potential for reservoir computing(RC)systems,but their lack of tunable dynamic characteristics limits their application in multi-temporal scale tasks.In this study,we report an OECT-based neuromorphic device with tunable relaxation time(τ)by introducing an additional vertical back-gate electrode into a planar structure.The dual-gate design enablesτreconfiguration from 93 to 541 ms.The tunable relaxation behaviors can be attributed to the combined effects of planar-gate induced electrochemical doping and back-gateinduced electrostatic coupling,as verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.Furthermore,we used theτ-tunable OECT devices as physical reservoirs in the RC system for intelligent driving trajectory prediction,achieving a significant improvement in prediction accuracy from below 69%to 99%.The results demonstrate that theτ-tunable OECT shows a promising candidate for multi-temporal scale neuromorphic computing applications.展开更多
The outbreak of infectious diseases is the result of a combination of various factors,including season,the movement of individuals,non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)and the effectiveness and availability of vaccin...The outbreak of infectious diseases is the result of a combination of various factors,including season,the movement of individuals,non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)and the effectiveness and availability of vaccines.Taking these key elements into consideration,an almost periodic SVEIR warning model in the patch environment is here proposed.First,in terms of reproduction numbers,our results imply that if the effective reproduction numbers are R_(e)<1,then the disease dies out;if R_(e)>1,then the disease spreads and leads to local outbreaks.Second,the relationships between R_(e)and C_(s1),C_(a1)(see Section 2)are given by numerical simulations.The numerical results show that even if all people are vaccinated,NPIs are still needed because of the potentially low efficacy of vaccines.Furthermore,the numerical results suggest that NPIs and the strengthening of the effective rate of vaccination are essential in order to achieve herd immunity.Theories involving this model effectively explain the transmission mechanism of most infectious diseases,and provide a valuable theoretical basis for analyzing new infectious diseases in the future.Moreover,this model is helpful for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the formulation of public health safety policies.展开更多
In this study,the dynamic characteristics and microstructures of lacustrine soft clays were studied.Dynamic character tests were conducted on undisturbed,remolded,and saturated lacustrine soft clays,using a dynamic tr...In this study,the dynamic characteristics and microstructures of lacustrine soft clays were studied.Dynamic character tests were conducted on undisturbed,remolded,and saturated lacustrine soft clays,using a dynamic triaxial tester.A scanning electron microscope(SEM)was employed to assess the soil samples after dynamic testing.The results indicate that the dynamic characteristics of lacustrine soft clay were significantly affected by confining pressure and water content.A quantitative relationship was established among confining pressures,water content,and the dynamic shear modulus ratio.The dynamic characteristic parameters of undisturbed,remolded and saturated soil are obviously different,and the original structure can enhance the shear strength of soil.By comparing the results with those from other studies,we found that the dynamic characters of soft clays were considerably varied in different regions,and lacustrine soft clays had a larger dynamic shear modulus ratio and a smaller damping ratio when the dynamic shear strain was large.Using IPP software to process the microstructural images,we found that the soil was dominated by small pores and medium particles,and the roundness of pores and particles had an apparently positive correlation with the maximum diameter.Moreover,the pores and particles of the soil showed fractal characteristics and directionality,and the fractal dimensions and probability entropy were strongly correlated with the macrostructural parameters.Finally,we developed a prediction model for macrostructural and microstructural parameters.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients face significant psychological challenges alongside physical symptoms,necessitating a comprehensive understanding of how psychological vulnerability and adaptation patterns evolve thro...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients face significant psychological challenges alongside physical symptoms,necessitating a comprehensive understanding of how psychological vulnerability and adaptation patterns evolve throughout the disease course.This review examined 95 studies(2000-2025)from PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI databases including longitudinal cohorts,randomized controlled trials,and mixed-methods research,to characterize the complex interplay between biological,psychological,and social factors affecting RA patients’mental health.Findings revealed three distinct vulnerability trajectories(45%persistently low,30%fluctuating improvement,25%persistently high)and four adaptation stages,with critical intervention periods occurring 3-6 months postdiagnosis and during disease flares.Multiple factors significantly influence psychological outcomes,including gender(females showing 1.8-fold increased risk),age(younger patients experiencing 42%higher vulnerability),pain intensity,inflammatory markers,and neuroendocrine dysregulation(48%showing cortisol rhythm disruption).Early psychological intervention(within 3 months of diagnosis)demonstrated robust benefits,reducing depression incidence by 42%with effects persisting 24-36 months,while different modalities showed complementary advantages:Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression(Cohen’s d=0.68),mindfulness for pain acceptance(38%improvement),and peer support for meaning reconstruction(25.6%increase).These findings underscore the importance of integrating routine psychological assessment into standard RA care,developing stage-appropriate interventions,and advancing research toward personalized biopsychosocial approaches that address the dynamic psychological dimensions of the disease.展开更多
In this manuscript,we consider a non-autonomous dynamical system.Using the Carathéodory structure,we define a BS dimension on an arbitrary subset and obtain a Bowen’s equation that illustrates the relation of th...In this manuscript,we consider a non-autonomous dynamical system.Using the Carathéodory structure,we define a BS dimension on an arbitrary subset and obtain a Bowen’s equation that illustrates the relation of the BS dimension to the Pesin-Pitskel topological pressure given by Nazarian[24].Moreover,we establish a variational principle and an inverse variational principle for the BS dimension of non-autonomous dynamical systems.Finally,we also get an analogue of Billingsley’s theorem for the BS dimension of non-autonomous dynamical systems.展开更多
Rydberg-atom-based superheterodyne receivers integrate self-calibration,high sensitivity,a wide operational frequency range,and phase/frequency resolved detection capabilities,demonstrating broad application prospects...Rydberg-atom-based superheterodyne receivers integrate self-calibration,high sensitivity,a wide operational frequency range,and phase/frequency resolved detection capabilities,demonstrating broad application prospects as nextgeneration microwave receivers.Linear gain and linear dynamic range(LDR)are critical metrics for assessing receiver sensitivity and demodulation fidelity,respectively.We numerically solve the four-level master equation and then employ particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to co-optimize linear gain and LDR in atomic superheterodyne receivers based on balanced homodyne detection.Further,we systematically account for dominant dephasing mechanisms in the simulation,encompassing spontaneous decay,transit dephasing,collision dephasing,laser linewidth dephasing,and Doppler averaging.Homodyne readout utilizes both the real and imaginary parts of polarizability for sensing.In the case of the photon shot noise limit,its signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)expression resembles that of direct optical-intensity readout.However,the inherent coherent subtraction operation in homodyne detection significantly suppresses common-mode noise,while appropriately increasing the reference beam power enhances the gain in practical experiments.Indeed,this co-optimization problem,characterized by a high-dimensional variable space,two objectives,and non-convexity,is well-suited for solution by PSO.In addition,probe and coupling detuning contribute equivalently to polarizability and compensate for each other owing to Doppler averaging,thereby reducing the optimization variable space by one.By adopting a product form of linear gain and LDR as the fitness function,the PSO achieves rapid convergence.Here,the effectiveness of the PSO results is verified via the total harmonic distortion(THD).The relative error-based LDR calculation method we proposed efficiently measures receiver response linearity with consuming fewer computational resources.This research is expected to offer valuable insights into enhancing the performance of Rydberg-atom-based superheterodyne receivers.展开更多
The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environmen...The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environment and con-tribute to global climate change.However,there remain considerable research gaps in the accurate measurement of NCGs emissions from agricultural fields,hindering the development of effective emission reduction strategies.We improved an open-top dynamic chambers(OTDCs)system and evaluated the performance by comparing the measured and given fluxes of the NCGs.The results showed that the measured fluxes of NO,N_(2)O and NH_(3)were 1%,2%and 7%lower than the given fluxes,respectively.For the determination of NH_(3) concentration,we employed a stripping coil-ion chromatograph(SC-IC)analytical technique,which demonstrated an absorption efficiency for atmospheric NH_(3) exceeding 96.1%across sampling durations of 6 to 60 min.In the summer maize season,we utilized the OTDCs system to measure the exchange fluxes of NO,NH_(3),and N_(2)O from the soil in the North China Plain.Substantial emissions of NO,NH_(3) and N_(2)O were recorded following fertilization,with peaks of 107,309,1239 ng N/(m^(2)·s),respectively.Notably,significant NCGs emissions were observed following sus-tained heavy rainfall one month after fertilization,particularly with NH_(3) peak being 4.5 times higher than that observed immediately after fertilization.Our results demonstrate that the OTDCs system accurately reflects the emission characteristics of soil NCGs and meets the requirements for long-term and continuous flux observation.展开更多
As the core determinant of lithium-ion battery performance,electrode materials play a crucial role in defining the battery's capacity,cycling stability,and durability.During charging and discharging,electrode mate...As the core determinant of lithium-ion battery performance,electrode materials play a crucial role in defining the battery's capacity,cycling stability,and durability.During charging and discharging,electrode materials undergo complex ion intercalation and deintercalation processes,accompanied by defect formation and structural evolution.However,the microscopic mechanisms underlying processes such as cation disordering,lattice oxygen loss,and stage structure formation are still not fully understood.To address these challenges,we have developed the Electrode Dynamic Ion Intercalation/Deintercalation Simulator(EDIS),a software platform designed to simulate the dynamic processes of ion intercalation and deintercalation in electrode materials.Leveraging high-precision machine learning potentials,EDIS can efficiently model structural evolution and lithium-ion diffusion behavior under various states of charge and discharge,achieving accuracy approaching that of quantum mechanical methods in relevant chemical spaces.The software supports quantitative analysis of how variations in lithium-ion concentration and distribution affect lithium-ion transport properties,enables evaluation of the impact of structural defects,and allows for tracking of both structural evolution and transport characteristics during continuous cycling.EDIS is versatile and can be extended to sodium-ion batteries and related systems.By enabling in-depth analysis of these microscopic processes,EDIS provides a robust theoretical tool for mechanistic studies and the rational design of high-performance electrode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
To address the issues of frequent identity switches(IDs)and degraded identification accuracy in multi object tracking(MOT)under complex occlusion scenarios,this study proposes an occlusion-robust tracking framework ba...To address the issues of frequent identity switches(IDs)and degraded identification accuracy in multi object tracking(MOT)under complex occlusion scenarios,this study proposes an occlusion-robust tracking framework based on face-pedestrian joint feature modeling.By constructing a joint tracking model centered on“intra-class independent tracking+cross-category dynamic binding”,designing a multi-modal matching metric with spatio-temporal and appearance constraints,and innovatively introducing a cross-category feature mutual verification mechanism and a dual matching strategy,this work effectively resolves performance degradation in traditional single-category tracking methods caused by short-term occlusion,cross-camera tracking,and crowded environments.Experiments on the Chokepoint_Face_Pedestrian_Track test set demonstrate that in complex scenes,the proposed method improves Face-Pedestrian Matching F1 area under the curve(F1 AUC)by approximately 4 to 43 percentage points compared to several traditional methods.The joint tracking model achieves overall performance metrics of IDF1:85.1825%and MOTA:86.5956%,representing improvements of 0.91 and 0.06 percentage points,respectively,over the baseline model.Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of key modules such as the Intersection over Area(IoA)/Intersection over Union(IoU)joint metric and dynamic threshold adjustment,validating the significant role of the cross-category identity matching mechanism in enhancing tracking stability.Our_model shows a 16.7%frame per second(FPS)drop vs.fairness of detection and re-identification in multiple object tracking(FairMOT),with its cross-category binding module adding aboute 10%overhead,yet maintains near-real-time performance for essential face-pedestrian tracking at small resolutions.展开更多
Lateral movement represents the most covert and critical phase of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),and its detection still faces two primary challenges:sample scarcity and“cold start”of new entities.To address thes...Lateral movement represents the most covert and critical phase of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),and its detection still faces two primary challenges:sample scarcity and“cold start”of new entities.To address these challenges,we propose an Uncertainty-Driven Graph Embedding-Enhanced Lateral Movement Detection framework(UGEA-LMD).First,the framework employs event-level incremental encoding on a continuous-time graph to capture fine-grained behavioral evolution,enabling newly appearing nodes to retain temporal contextual awareness even in the absence of historical interactions and thereby fundamentally mitigating the cold-start problem.Second,in the embedding space,we model the dependency structure among feature dimensions using a Gaussian copula to quantify the uncertainty distribution,and generate augmented samples with consistent structural and semantic properties through adaptive sampling,thus expanding the representation space of sparse samples and enhancing the model’s generalization under sparse sample conditions.Unlike static graph methods that cannot model temporal dependencies or data augmentation techniques that depend on predefined structures,UGEA-LMD offers both superior temporaldynamic modeling and structural generalization.Experimental results on the large-scale LANL log dataset demonstrate that,under the transductive setting,UGEA-LMD achieves an AUC of 0.9254;even when 10%of nodes or edges are withheld during training,UGEA-LMD significantly outperforms baseline methods on metrics such as recall and AUC,confirming its robustness and generalization capability in sparse-sample and cold-start scenarios.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.展开更多
This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior...This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.展开更多
Reliable traffic flow prediction is crucial for mitigating urban congestion.This paper proposes Attentionbased spatiotemporal Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network(AIDGCN),a novel architecture integrating In...Reliable traffic flow prediction is crucial for mitigating urban congestion.This paper proposes Attentionbased spatiotemporal Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network(AIDGCN),a novel architecture integrating Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolution Network(IDGCN)with Temporal Multi-Head Trend-Aware Attention.Its core innovation lies in IDGCN,which uniquely splits sequences into symmetric intervals for interactive feature sharing via dynamic graphs,and a novel attention mechanism incorporating convolutional operations to capture essential local traffic trends—addressing a critical gap in standard attention for continuous data.For 15-and 60-min forecasting on METR-LA,AIDGCN achieves MAEs of 0.75%and 0.39%,and RMSEs of 1.32%and 0.14%,respectively.In the 60-min long-term forecasting of the PEMS-BAY dataset,the AIDGCN out-performs the MRA-BGCN method by 6.28%,4.93%,and 7.17%in terms of MAE,RMSE,and MAPE,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our pro-posed model over state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
The airflow mechanics in adult nasal airways,whether healthy or abnormal,are extensively studied and investigated,but the flow mechanics in child nasal airways remain underexplored.This study investigates the airflow ...The airflow mechanics in adult nasal airways,whether healthy or abnormal,are extensively studied and investigated,but the flow mechanics in child nasal airways remain underexplored.This study investigates the airflow mechanics in the child’s nasal upper airway with adenoid hypertrophy,with an adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio(AN of 0.9),under cyclic inhalation and exhalation.An inlet respiratory cycle with three different flow rates(3.2 L/min calm breathing,8.6 L/min normal breathing,and 19.3 L/min intensive breathing)was simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics approach.To better capture the interaction between airflow and the flexible airway tissue,fluid-structure interaction analysis was performed at the normal breathing rate.Comparing the airflow dynamics during inhalation and exhalation,the pressure drops,nasal resistance,and wall shear stress show significant differences in the nasopharyngeal region for all different flow rates.This observation suggests that the inertial effect associated with the transient flow is important during exhalation and inhalation.Furthermore,the considerable temporal variation in flow rate distribution across a specific cross-section of the nasal airway highlights the critical role of transient data in virtual surgery planning and data for clinical decisions.展开更多
Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely orien...Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical factor in the etiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. Alt...Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical factor in the etiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. Although these conditions differ in clinical presentation, they share fundamental pathological features that may stem from abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired autophagic clearance, which contribute to redox imbalance and oxidative stress in neurons. This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fusion and fission to meet the substantial energy demands of neural cells. Dysregulation of these processes, as observed in certain neurodevelopmental disorders, causes accumulation of damaged mitochondria, exacerbating oxidative damage and impairing neuronal function. The phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pathway is crucial for mitophagy, the process of selectively removing malfunctioning mitochondria. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial fusion proteins have been identified in autism spectrum disorders, linking disruptions in the fusion-fission equilibrium to neurodevelopmental impairments. Additionally, animal models of Rett syndrome have shown pronounced defects in mitophagy, reinforcing the notion that mitochondrial quality control is indispensable for neuronal health. Clinical studies have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders. In autism spectrum disorders, elevated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial DNA deletions indicate compromised mitochondrial function. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has also been associated with cognitive deficits linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cell models derived from patients with Rett syndrome have shown impaired mitochondrial dynamics and heightened vulnerability to oxidative injury, suggesting the role of defective mitochondrial homeostasis in these disorders. From a translational standpoint, multiple therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial pathways show promise. Interventions aimed at preserving normal fusion-fission cycles or enhancing mitophagy can reduce oxidative damage by limiting the accumulation of defective mitochondria. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial permeability and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, an essential regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, may also ameliorate cellular energy deficits. Identifying early biomarkers of mitochondrial impairment is crucial for precision medicine, since it can help clinicians tailor interventions to individual patient profiles and improve prognoses. Furthermore, integrating mitochondria-focused strategies with established therapies, such as antioxidants or behavioral interventions, may enhance treatment efficacy and yield better clinical outcomes. Leveraging these pathways could open avenues for regenerative strategies, given the influence of mitochondria on neuronal repair and plasticity. In conclusion, this review indicates mitochondrial homeostasis as a unifying therapeutic axis within neurodevelopmental pathophysiology. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic clearance converge on oxidative stress, and researchers should prioritize validating these interventions in clinical settings to advance precision medicine and enhance outcomes for individuals affected by neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12462006)Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering Joint Innovation Fund(No.BQJJ202414).
文摘THE mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of pure nickel under nanoindentation were systematically investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,with a particular focus on the novel interplay between crystallographic orientation,grain boundary(GB)proximity,and pore characteristics(size/location).This study compares single-crystal nickel models along[100],[110],and[111]orientations with equiaxed polycrystalline models containing 0,1,and 2.5 nm pores in surface and subsurface configurations.Our results reveal that crystallographic anisotropy manifests as a 24.4%higher elastic modulus and 22.2%greater hardness in[111]-oriented single crystals compared to[100].Pore-GB synergistic effects are found to dominate the deformation behavior:2.5 nm subsurface pores reduce hardness by 25.2%through stress concentration and dislocation annihilation at GBs,whereas surface pores enable mechanical recovery via accelerated dislocation generation post-collapse.Additionally,size-dependent deformation regimes were identified,with 1 nm pores inducing negligible perturbation due to rapid atomic rearrangement,in contrast with persistent softening in 2.5 nm pores.These findings establish atomic-scale design principles for defect engineering in nickel-based aerospace components,demonstrating how crystallographic orientation,pore configuration,and GB interactions collectively govern nanoindentation behavior.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92252104,12388101,and 12472224).
文摘In this study,we perform particle-resolved simulations of settling spheroidal particles,considering oblate and prolate spheroids and spheres,and investigate the shape effect on the particle dynamics in suspensions with volume fraction 1%and 5%.We first examine the single-point statistics of the translational and rotational motion of the settling particles.The horizontal velocity has a symmetrical distribution with standard deviation dependent on the particle shape.The greater horizontal velocity fluctuations of the non-spherical particles,compared to that of spheres,are attributed to the horizontal drift of settling spheroids with oblique orientations induced by the fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions.The fluctuation of particle vertical velocity,instead,is skewed under the effect of wake-induced hydrodynamic interactions.Further,we explore the particle pair statistics,which demonstrate the formation of column-like particle micro-structures for the lowest volume fraction considered.This clustering is more pronounced for spheroidal particles than spheres,due to the stronger attractions among vertically-aligned settling spheroids.Moreover,the particle pair statistics are directly related to the collision rate among the dispersed particles.The local accumulation of oblate/prolate spheroids serves as the major mechanism to promote the particle-particle collisions in dilute suspensions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1004300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12404004)。
文摘Lead(Pb)is a typical low-melting-point ductile metal and serves as an important model material in the study of dynamic responses.Under shock-wave loading,its dynamic mechanical behavior comprises two key phenomena:plastic deformation and shock-induced phase transitions.The underlying mechanisms of these processes are still poorly understood.Revealing these mechanisms remains challenging for experimental approaches.Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations are an alternative theoretical tool for studying dynamic responses,as they capture atomic-scale mechanisms such as defect evolution and deformation pathways.However,due to the limited accuracy of empirical interatomic potentials,the reliability of previous NEMD studies has been questioned.Using our newly developed machine learning potential for Pb-Sn alloys,we revisited the microstructural evolution in response to shock loading under various shock orientations.The results reveal that shock loading along the[001]orientation of Pb exhibits a fast,reversible,and massive phase transition and stacking-fault evolution.The behavior of Pb differs from previous studies by the absence of twinning during plastic deformation.Loading along the[011]orientation leads to slow,irreversible plastic deformation,and a localized FCC-BCC phase transition in the Pitsch orientation relationship.This study provides crucial theoretical insights into the dynamic mechanical response of Pb,offering a theoretical input for understanding the microstructure-performance relationship under extreme conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB3608300in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants 62404050,U2341218,62574056,62204052。
文摘Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)devices demonstrate great promising potential for reservoir computing(RC)systems,but their lack of tunable dynamic characteristics limits their application in multi-temporal scale tasks.In this study,we report an OECT-based neuromorphic device with tunable relaxation time(τ)by introducing an additional vertical back-gate electrode into a planar structure.The dual-gate design enablesτreconfiguration from 93 to 541 ms.The tunable relaxation behaviors can be attributed to the combined effects of planar-gate induced electrochemical doping and back-gateinduced electrostatic coupling,as verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.Furthermore,we used theτ-tunable OECT devices as physical reservoirs in the RC system for intelligent driving trajectory prediction,achieving a significant improvement in prediction accuracy from below 69%to 99%.The results demonstrate that theτ-tunable OECT shows a promising candidate for multi-temporal scale neuromorphic computing applications.
基金supported by the NSFC(11501269)and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA1041).
文摘The outbreak of infectious diseases is the result of a combination of various factors,including season,the movement of individuals,non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)and the effectiveness and availability of vaccines.Taking these key elements into consideration,an almost periodic SVEIR warning model in the patch environment is here proposed.First,in terms of reproduction numbers,our results imply that if the effective reproduction numbers are R_(e)<1,then the disease dies out;if R_(e)>1,then the disease spreads and leads to local outbreaks.Second,the relationships between R_(e)and C_(s1),C_(a1)(see Section 2)are given by numerical simulations.The numerical results show that even if all people are vaccinated,NPIs are still needed because of the potentially low efficacy of vaccines.Furthermore,the numerical results suggest that NPIs and the strengthening of the effective rate of vaccination are essential in order to achieve herd immunity.Theories involving this model effectively explain the transmission mechanism of most infectious diseases,and provide a valuable theoretical basis for analyzing new infectious diseases in the future.Moreover,this model is helpful for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and the formulation of public health safety policies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52278340Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2023202028。
文摘In this study,the dynamic characteristics and microstructures of lacustrine soft clays were studied.Dynamic character tests were conducted on undisturbed,remolded,and saturated lacustrine soft clays,using a dynamic triaxial tester.A scanning electron microscope(SEM)was employed to assess the soil samples after dynamic testing.The results indicate that the dynamic characteristics of lacustrine soft clay were significantly affected by confining pressure and water content.A quantitative relationship was established among confining pressures,water content,and the dynamic shear modulus ratio.The dynamic characteristic parameters of undisturbed,remolded and saturated soil are obviously different,and the original structure can enhance the shear strength of soil.By comparing the results with those from other studies,we found that the dynamic characters of soft clays were considerably varied in different regions,and lacustrine soft clays had a larger dynamic shear modulus ratio and a smaller damping ratio when the dynamic shear strain was large.Using IPP software to process the microstructural images,we found that the soil was dominated by small pores and medium particles,and the roundness of pores and particles had an apparently positive correlation with the maximum diameter.Moreover,the pores and particles of the soil showed fractal characteristics and directionality,and the fractal dimensions and probability entropy were strongly correlated with the macrostructural parameters.Finally,we developed a prediction model for macrostructural and microstructural parameters.
基金Supported by Chongqing Health Commission and Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023MSXM182。
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients face significant psychological challenges alongside physical symptoms,necessitating a comprehensive understanding of how psychological vulnerability and adaptation patterns evolve throughout the disease course.This review examined 95 studies(2000-2025)from PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI databases including longitudinal cohorts,randomized controlled trials,and mixed-methods research,to characterize the complex interplay between biological,psychological,and social factors affecting RA patients’mental health.Findings revealed three distinct vulnerability trajectories(45%persistently low,30%fluctuating improvement,25%persistently high)and four adaptation stages,with critical intervention periods occurring 3-6 months postdiagnosis and during disease flares.Multiple factors significantly influence psychological outcomes,including gender(females showing 1.8-fold increased risk),age(younger patients experiencing 42%higher vulnerability),pain intensity,inflammatory markers,and neuroendocrine dysregulation(48%showing cortisol rhythm disruption).Early psychological intervention(within 3 months of diagnosis)demonstrated robust benefits,reducing depression incidence by 42%with effects persisting 24-36 months,while different modalities showed complementary advantages:Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression(Cohen’s d=0.68),mindfulness for pain acceptance(38%improvement),and peer support for meaning reconstruction(25.6%increase).These findings underscore the importance of integrating routine psychological assessment into standard RA care,developing stage-appropriate interventions,and advancing research toward personalized biopsychosocial approaches that address the dynamic psychological dimensions of the disease.
基金supported by the NSFC(12461012)and the NSF of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX1246).
文摘In this manuscript,we consider a non-autonomous dynamical system.Using the Carathéodory structure,we define a BS dimension on an arbitrary subset and obtain a Bowen’s equation that illustrates the relation of the BS dimension to the Pesin-Pitskel topological pressure given by Nazarian[24].Moreover,we establish a variational principle and an inverse variational principle for the BS dimension of non-autonomous dynamical systems.Finally,we also get an analogue of Billingsley’s theorem for the BS dimension of non-autonomous dynamical systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62331024 and 62571549)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2802804)。
文摘Rydberg-atom-based superheterodyne receivers integrate self-calibration,high sensitivity,a wide operational frequency range,and phase/frequency resolved detection capabilities,demonstrating broad application prospects as nextgeneration microwave receivers.Linear gain and linear dynamic range(LDR)are critical metrics for assessing receiver sensitivity and demodulation fidelity,respectively.We numerically solve the four-level master equation and then employ particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm to co-optimize linear gain and LDR in atomic superheterodyne receivers based on balanced homodyne detection.Further,we systematically account for dominant dephasing mechanisms in the simulation,encompassing spontaneous decay,transit dephasing,collision dephasing,laser linewidth dephasing,and Doppler averaging.Homodyne readout utilizes both the real and imaginary parts of polarizability for sensing.In the case of the photon shot noise limit,its signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)expression resembles that of direct optical-intensity readout.However,the inherent coherent subtraction operation in homodyne detection significantly suppresses common-mode noise,while appropriately increasing the reference beam power enhances the gain in practical experiments.Indeed,this co-optimization problem,characterized by a high-dimensional variable space,two objectives,and non-convexity,is well-suited for solution by PSO.In addition,probe and coupling detuning contribute equivalently to polarizability and compensate for each other owing to Doppler averaging,thereby reducing the optimization variable space by one.By adopting a product form of linear gain and LDR as the fitness function,the PSO achieves rapid convergence.Here,the effectiveness of the PSO results is verified via the total harmonic distortion(THD).The relative error-based LDR calculation method we proposed efficiently measures receiver response linearity with consuming fewer computational resources.This research is expected to offer valuable insights into enhancing the performance of Rydberg-atom-based superheterodyne receivers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program(No.2022YFC3701103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42130714 and 41931287).
文摘The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environment and con-tribute to global climate change.However,there remain considerable research gaps in the accurate measurement of NCGs emissions from agricultural fields,hindering the development of effective emission reduction strategies.We improved an open-top dynamic chambers(OTDCs)system and evaluated the performance by comparing the measured and given fluxes of the NCGs.The results showed that the measured fluxes of NO,N_(2)O and NH_(3)were 1%,2%and 7%lower than the given fluxes,respectively.For the determination of NH_(3) concentration,we employed a stripping coil-ion chromatograph(SC-IC)analytical technique,which demonstrated an absorption efficiency for atmospheric NH_(3) exceeding 96.1%across sampling durations of 6 to 60 min.In the summer maize season,we utilized the OTDCs system to measure the exchange fluxes of NO,NH_(3),and N_(2)O from the soil in the North China Plain.Substantial emissions of NO,NH_(3) and N_(2)O were recorded following fertilization,with peaks of 107,309,1239 ng N/(m^(2)·s),respectively.Notably,significant NCGs emissions were observed following sus-tained heavy rainfall one month after fertilization,particularly with NH_(3) peak being 4.5 times higher than that observed immediately after fertilization.Our results demonstrate that the OTDCs system accurately reflects the emission characteristics of soil NCGs and meets the requirements for long-term and continuous flux observation.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB1040300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52172258)。
文摘As the core determinant of lithium-ion battery performance,electrode materials play a crucial role in defining the battery's capacity,cycling stability,and durability.During charging and discharging,electrode materials undergo complex ion intercalation and deintercalation processes,accompanied by defect formation and structural evolution.However,the microscopic mechanisms underlying processes such as cation disordering,lattice oxygen loss,and stage structure formation are still not fully understood.To address these challenges,we have developed the Electrode Dynamic Ion Intercalation/Deintercalation Simulator(EDIS),a software platform designed to simulate the dynamic processes of ion intercalation and deintercalation in electrode materials.Leveraging high-precision machine learning potentials,EDIS can efficiently model structural evolution and lithium-ion diffusion behavior under various states of charge and discharge,achieving accuracy approaching that of quantum mechanical methods in relevant chemical spaces.The software supports quantitative analysis of how variations in lithium-ion concentration and distribution affect lithium-ion transport properties,enables evaluation of the impact of structural defects,and allows for tracking of both structural evolution and transport characteristics during continuous cycling.EDIS is versatile and can be extended to sodium-ion batteries and related systems.By enabling in-depth analysis of these microscopic processes,EDIS provides a robust theoretical tool for mechanistic studies and the rational design of high-performance electrode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the confidential research grant No.a8317。
文摘To address the issues of frequent identity switches(IDs)and degraded identification accuracy in multi object tracking(MOT)under complex occlusion scenarios,this study proposes an occlusion-robust tracking framework based on face-pedestrian joint feature modeling.By constructing a joint tracking model centered on“intra-class independent tracking+cross-category dynamic binding”,designing a multi-modal matching metric with spatio-temporal and appearance constraints,and innovatively introducing a cross-category feature mutual verification mechanism and a dual matching strategy,this work effectively resolves performance degradation in traditional single-category tracking methods caused by short-term occlusion,cross-camera tracking,and crowded environments.Experiments on the Chokepoint_Face_Pedestrian_Track test set demonstrate that in complex scenes,the proposed method improves Face-Pedestrian Matching F1 area under the curve(F1 AUC)by approximately 4 to 43 percentage points compared to several traditional methods.The joint tracking model achieves overall performance metrics of IDF1:85.1825%and MOTA:86.5956%,representing improvements of 0.91 and 0.06 percentage points,respectively,over the baseline model.Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of key modules such as the Intersection over Area(IoA)/Intersection over Union(IoU)joint metric and dynamic threshold adjustment,validating the significant role of the cross-category identity matching mechanism in enhancing tracking stability.Our_model shows a 16.7%frame per second(FPS)drop vs.fairness of detection and re-identification in multiple object tracking(FairMOT),with its cross-category binding module adding aboute 10%overhead,yet maintains near-real-time performance for essential face-pedestrian tracking at small resolutions.
基金supported by the Zhongyuan University of Technology Discipline Backbone Teacher Support Program Project(No.GG202417)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan under Grant 251111212000.
文摘Lateral movement represents the most covert and critical phase of Advanced Persistent Threats(APTs),and its detection still faces two primary challenges:sample scarcity and“cold start”of new entities.To address these challenges,we propose an Uncertainty-Driven Graph Embedding-Enhanced Lateral Movement Detection framework(UGEA-LMD).First,the framework employs event-level incremental encoding on a continuous-time graph to capture fine-grained behavioral evolution,enabling newly appearing nodes to retain temporal contextual awareness even in the absence of historical interactions and thereby fundamentally mitigating the cold-start problem.Second,in the embedding space,we model the dependency structure among feature dimensions using a Gaussian copula to quantify the uncertainty distribution,and generate augmented samples with consistent structural and semantic properties through adaptive sampling,thus expanding the representation space of sparse samples and enhancing the model’s generalization under sparse sample conditions.Unlike static graph methods that cannot model temporal dependencies or data augmentation techniques that depend on predefined structures,UGEA-LMD offers both superior temporaldynamic modeling and structural generalization.Experimental results on the large-scale LANL log dataset demonstrate that,under the transductive setting,UGEA-LMD achieves an AUC of 0.9254;even when 10%of nodes or edges are withheld during training,UGEA-LMD significantly outperforms baseline methods on metrics such as recall and AUC,confirming its robustness and generalization capability in sparse-sample and cold-start scenarios.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123 and 52473248)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme2024-2-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.
文摘This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.
文摘Reliable traffic flow prediction is crucial for mitigating urban congestion.This paper proposes Attentionbased spatiotemporal Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network(AIDGCN),a novel architecture integrating Interactive Dynamic Graph Convolution Network(IDGCN)with Temporal Multi-Head Trend-Aware Attention.Its core innovation lies in IDGCN,which uniquely splits sequences into symmetric intervals for interactive feature sharing via dynamic graphs,and a novel attention mechanism incorporating convolutional operations to capture essential local traffic trends—addressing a critical gap in standard attention for continuous data.For 15-and 60-min forecasting on METR-LA,AIDGCN achieves MAEs of 0.75%and 0.39%,and RMSEs of 1.32%and 0.14%,respectively.In the 60-min long-term forecasting of the PEMS-BAY dataset,the AIDGCN out-performs the MRA-BGCN method by 6.28%,4.93%,and 7.17%in terms of MAE,RMSE,and MAPE,respectively.Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our pro-posed model over state-of-the-art methods.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0707601).
文摘The airflow mechanics in adult nasal airways,whether healthy or abnormal,are extensively studied and investigated,but the flow mechanics in child nasal airways remain underexplored.This study investigates the airflow mechanics in the child’s nasal upper airway with adenoid hypertrophy,with an adenoid nasopharyngeal ratio(AN of 0.9),under cyclic inhalation and exhalation.An inlet respiratory cycle with three different flow rates(3.2 L/min calm breathing,8.6 L/min normal breathing,and 19.3 L/min intensive breathing)was simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics approach.To better capture the interaction between airflow and the flexible airway tissue,fluid-structure interaction analysis was performed at the normal breathing rate.Comparing the airflow dynamics during inhalation and exhalation,the pressure drops,nasal resistance,and wall shear stress show significant differences in the nasopharyngeal region for all different flow rates.This observation suggests that the inertial effect associated with the transient flow is important during exhalation and inhalation.Furthermore,the considerable temporal variation in flow rate distribution across a specific cross-section of the nasal airway highlights the critical role of transient data in virtual surgery planning and data for clinical decisions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11574244 for G.Y.G.)the XJTU Research Fund for AI Science (Grant No.2025YXYC011 for G.Y.G.)the Hong Kong Global STEM Professorship Scheme (for X.C.Z.)。
文摘Compared to the well-studied two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectricity,the appearance of 2D antiferroelectricity is much rarer,where local dipoles from the nonequivalent sublattices within 2D monolayers are oppositely oriented.Using NbOCl_(2) monolayer with competing ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases as a 2D material platform,we demonstrate the emergence of intrinsic antiferroelectricity in NbOCl_(2) monolayer under experimentally accessible shear strain,along with new functionality associated with electric field-induced AFE-to-FE phase transition.Specifically,the complex configuration space accommodating FE and AFE phases,polarization switching kinetics,and finite temperature thermodynamic properties of 2D NbOCl_(2) are all accurately predicted by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations based on deep learning interatomic potential model.Moreover,room temperature stable antiferroelectricity with low polarization switching barrier and one-dimensional collinear polarization arrangement is predicted in shear-deformed NbOCl_(2) monolayer.The transition from AFE to FE phase in 2D NbOCl_(2) can be triggered by a low critical electric field,leading to a double polarization–electric(P–E)loop with small hysteresis.A new type of optoelectronic device composed of AFE-NbOCl_(2) is proposed,enabling electric“writing”and nonlinear optical“reading”logical operation with fast operation speed and low power consumption.
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical factor in the etiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. Although these conditions differ in clinical presentation, they share fundamental pathological features that may stem from abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired autophagic clearance, which contribute to redox imbalance and oxidative stress in neurons. This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fusion and fission to meet the substantial energy demands of neural cells. Dysregulation of these processes, as observed in certain neurodevelopmental disorders, causes accumulation of damaged mitochondria, exacerbating oxidative damage and impairing neuronal function. The phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pathway is crucial for mitophagy, the process of selectively removing malfunctioning mitochondria. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial fusion proteins have been identified in autism spectrum disorders, linking disruptions in the fusion-fission equilibrium to neurodevelopmental impairments. Additionally, animal models of Rett syndrome have shown pronounced defects in mitophagy, reinforcing the notion that mitochondrial quality control is indispensable for neuronal health. Clinical studies have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders. In autism spectrum disorders, elevated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial DNA deletions indicate compromised mitochondrial function. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has also been associated with cognitive deficits linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cell models derived from patients with Rett syndrome have shown impaired mitochondrial dynamics and heightened vulnerability to oxidative injury, suggesting the role of defective mitochondrial homeostasis in these disorders. From a translational standpoint, multiple therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial pathways show promise. Interventions aimed at preserving normal fusion-fission cycles or enhancing mitophagy can reduce oxidative damage by limiting the accumulation of defective mitochondria. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial permeability and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, an essential regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, may also ameliorate cellular energy deficits. Identifying early biomarkers of mitochondrial impairment is crucial for precision medicine, since it can help clinicians tailor interventions to individual patient profiles and improve prognoses. Furthermore, integrating mitochondria-focused strategies with established therapies, such as antioxidants or behavioral interventions, may enhance treatment efficacy and yield better clinical outcomes. Leveraging these pathways could open avenues for regenerative strategies, given the influence of mitochondria on neuronal repair and plasticity. In conclusion, this review indicates mitochondrial homeostasis as a unifying therapeutic axis within neurodevelopmental pathophysiology. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic clearance converge on oxidative stress, and researchers should prioritize validating these interventions in clinical settings to advance precision medicine and enhance outcomes for individuals affected by neurodevelopmental disorders.
