Biochar addition(BA)has been considered a promising strategy for mitigating soil greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.However,it is essential to assess whether the benefits are retained under different water and fertilizer st...Biochar addition(BA)has been considered a promising strategy for mitigating soil greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.However,it is essential to assess whether the benefits are retained under different water and fertilizer strategies(WFSs),particularly under the biogas slurry strategy(BSS),and the specific effects of different BA ratios on GHG emissions must also be assessed.This study examined the effects of two WFSs on soil GHGs emissions and bacterial subcommunities under different BA ratios and investigated their potential mechanisms using soil column experiments.Under the conventional chemical fertilizer strategy(CFS),BA reduced CO_(2)emissions by 29.19–36.51%,but simultaneously increased CH_(4)emissions by 21.62–135.08%and N2O emissions by 48.16–51.31%.Transitioning from CFS to BSS led to a 14.89%reduction in CO_(2)emissions and a 71.83%reduction in N2O emissions,whereas the CH_(4)emissions increased by 101.72%.Concurrently,BA concentrations of 4%and 6%intensified the modulatory effect of BSS on these GHGs,whereas a 2%BA concentration had an opposing regulatory effect.Both BSS and BA were also found to enhance the abundance of rare bacterial sub-communities within the soil.Furthermore,this study revealed that BSS reshaped the GHG emission pathway regulated by BA through bacterial sub-communities,emphasizing the"priority effect"of these communities in controlling GHG emissions.This study has also highlighted the integral role of carbon and nitrogen turnover processes within bacterial sub-communities for the regulation of GHGs emissions.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that the effectiveness of BA in reducing soil GHGs emissions depends on the WFS.展开更多
Multispecies solid-state fermentation is a traditional processing technique for the traditional Chinese food,such as cereal vinegar,Baijiu,etc.Generally,few abundant and many rare microbes were involved in such proces...Multispecies solid-state fermentation is a traditional processing technique for the traditional Chinese food,such as cereal vinegar,Baijiu,etc.Generally,few abundant and many rare microbes were involved in such processes,and the necessity and roles of the latter are less studied.Here the co-occurrence patterns of abundant and rare bacterial community and abiotic factors infuencing their community assembly were investigated in acetic acid fermentation following starter inoculation,using Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar as a model system.Abundant taxa that contribute to the function of accumulating acid exhibited a ubiquitous distribution while the distribution of rare taxa along the fermentation process unraveled.The species composition of the rare taxa signifcantly altered,but abundant taxa were maintained after inoculation.Moreover,the diversity of rare taxa changed more signifcantly than that of abundant taxa.Both abundant and rare sub-communities,which were contributed more with species turnover than species richness,were demonstrated to be driven by pH,acetic acid,ammonium nitrogen,and ethanol.Stochastic processes regulated the assembly of both sub-communities,but more prominent on rare sub-communities.Co-occurrence network was more governed by rare sub-communities,and the co-variations between microbial communities were predominantly positive,implying that rare taxa played more important role in the fermentation stability and network robustness.Furthermore,seven network connectors were identifed,and three of them belonged to rare taxa.These microbes of diferent modules were enriched at particular phases of fermentation.These results demonstrate the ecological signifcance of rare bacteria and provide new insights into understanding the abiotic factors infuence microbial structure in traditional fermented foods.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.Y2025YC35)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202417)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52379055)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20233056the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T171018&2024M763602).
文摘Biochar addition(BA)has been considered a promising strategy for mitigating soil greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.However,it is essential to assess whether the benefits are retained under different water and fertilizer strategies(WFSs),particularly under the biogas slurry strategy(BSS),and the specific effects of different BA ratios on GHG emissions must also be assessed.This study examined the effects of two WFSs on soil GHGs emissions and bacterial subcommunities under different BA ratios and investigated their potential mechanisms using soil column experiments.Under the conventional chemical fertilizer strategy(CFS),BA reduced CO_(2)emissions by 29.19–36.51%,but simultaneously increased CH_(4)emissions by 21.62–135.08%and N2O emissions by 48.16–51.31%.Transitioning from CFS to BSS led to a 14.89%reduction in CO_(2)emissions and a 71.83%reduction in N2O emissions,whereas the CH_(4)emissions increased by 101.72%.Concurrently,BA concentrations of 4%and 6%intensified the modulatory effect of BSS on these GHGs,whereas a 2%BA concentration had an opposing regulatory effect.Both BSS and BA were also found to enhance the abundance of rare bacterial sub-communities within the soil.Furthermore,this study revealed that BSS reshaped the GHG emission pathway regulated by BA through bacterial sub-communities,emphasizing the"priority effect"of these communities in controlling GHG emissions.This study has also highlighted the integral role of carbon and nitrogen turnover processes within bacterial sub-communities for the regulation of GHGs emissions.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that the effectiveness of BA in reducing soil GHGs emissions depends on the WFS.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1603800 and 2018YFC1603802)Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.31771967)We thank Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar Industry Co,Ltd,for the samples provided.
文摘Multispecies solid-state fermentation is a traditional processing technique for the traditional Chinese food,such as cereal vinegar,Baijiu,etc.Generally,few abundant and many rare microbes were involved in such processes,and the necessity and roles of the latter are less studied.Here the co-occurrence patterns of abundant and rare bacterial community and abiotic factors infuencing their community assembly were investigated in acetic acid fermentation following starter inoculation,using Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar as a model system.Abundant taxa that contribute to the function of accumulating acid exhibited a ubiquitous distribution while the distribution of rare taxa along the fermentation process unraveled.The species composition of the rare taxa signifcantly altered,but abundant taxa were maintained after inoculation.Moreover,the diversity of rare taxa changed more signifcantly than that of abundant taxa.Both abundant and rare sub-communities,which were contributed more with species turnover than species richness,were demonstrated to be driven by pH,acetic acid,ammonium nitrogen,and ethanol.Stochastic processes regulated the assembly of both sub-communities,but more prominent on rare sub-communities.Co-occurrence network was more governed by rare sub-communities,and the co-variations between microbial communities were predominantly positive,implying that rare taxa played more important role in the fermentation stability and network robustness.Furthermore,seven network connectors were identifed,and three of them belonged to rare taxa.These microbes of diferent modules were enriched at particular phases of fermentation.These results demonstrate the ecological signifcance of rare bacteria and provide new insights into understanding the abiotic factors infuence microbial structure in traditional fermented foods.
