Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcom...Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.展开更多
Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale,a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-indus...Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale,a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-industrial trials were conducted.Vanadium in raw ore mainly exists in sericite,roscoelite,and limonite,predominantly in the forms of V(Ⅲ)and V(Ⅳ).Under the conditions of a feed rate of 30 kg/h,an air flow rate of 28.0 m^(3)/h,an O_(2) flow rate of 4.0 m^(3)/h,and a temperature of 900℃ in both the suspension furnace and fluidized reactor,the vanadium-bearing mica underwent dehydroxylation and transformed into illite-montmorillonite.These changes disrupted the crystal structure of mica,facilitating vanadium extraction.Compared to direct acid leaching,curing-leaching demonstrates better performance in vanadium extraction.Under the conditions of curing temperature of 130℃,acid dosage of 40 wt.%,curing time of 6 h,and leaching time of 3 h,a V_(2)O_(5) leaching efficiency of 83.92% was achieved.展开更多
Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits i...Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days.The VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of CAD.The analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in sludge.Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent reaction.Biome combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for BTPAD.Furthermore,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.展开更多
Objective Lipid oxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and may be contribute to the development of Ischemic stroke(IS).However,the lipid profiles associated with IS have been poorly studied.We co...Objective Lipid oxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and may be contribute to the development of Ischemic stroke(IS).However,the lipid profiles associated with IS have been poorly studied.We conducted a pilot study to identify potential IS-related lipid molecules and pathways using lipidomic profiling.Methods Serum lipidomic profiling was performed using LC-MS in 20 patients with IS and 20 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Univariate and multivariate analyses were simultaneously performed to identify the differential lipids.Multiple testing was controlled for using a false discovery rate(FDR)approach.Enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst software.Results Based on the 294 lipids assayed,principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)models were used to distinguish patients with IS from healthy controls.Fifty-six differential lipids were identified with an FDR-adjusted P less than 0.05 and variable influences in projection(VIP)greater than 1.0.These lipids were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism(FDR-adjusted P=0.009,impact score=0.216).Conclusions Serum lipid profiles differed significantly between patients with IS and healthy controls.Thus,glycerophospholipid metabolism may be involved in the development of IS.These results provide initial evidence that lipid molecules and their related metabolites may serve as new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IS.展开更多
Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This co...Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This condition is thought to affect approximately 2%of the Western population,with diagnosis peaking in early adulthood[2].Vitamin D,a fat-soluble vitamin,is essential for phospho-calcium metabolism,calcium homeostasis,and bone health.展开更多
Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsist...Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.展开更多
This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural commu...This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.展开更多
In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audi...In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.展开更多
Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrat...Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.展开更多
The orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation is a novel modulation scheme that can effectively cope with the high Doppler expansion caused by high mobility.Since it modulates data on delay-Doppler(DD)domain and...The orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation is a novel modulation scheme that can effectively cope with the high Doppler expansion caused by high mobility.Since it modulates data on delay-Doppler(DD)domain and makes full use of the sparse characteristics of DD domain,it has been widely studied to design efficient channel estimation and signal detection schemes.In this paper,we design a novel superimposed pilot pattern with transition band,which replaces the traditional embedded pilot(EP)guard zero-symbols,and perform a two-stage channel estimation.In the first stage,we fully utilize the dispersion characteristics of OTFS signal in DD domain,and use threshold decision to make coarse channel estimation.In the second stage,we use the results of the coarse estimation for iterative signal detection and accurate channel estimation.During the second stage,we make full use of the sparsity of the channel in DD domain,remodel the received signal into the form of sparse channel vector multiplied by channel coefficient matrix,and introduce Doppler index segmentation factor(DISF)to subdivide the Doppler index to solve the problem of fractional Doppler.Simulations reveal that,the scheme proposed in this paper has higher spectral efficiency compared with traditional EP scheme and lower peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)compared with traditional superimposed pilot scheme.展开更多
In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the...In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.展开更多
Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth...Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.展开更多
China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This s...China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.展开更多
This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industr...This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industry,the course content has been updated to incorporate AI techniques such as large language models and deep learning.The reform enriches educational resources and introduces innovative instructional approaches.In addition,high-quality practical teaching cases have been developed,and immersive,hands-on learning experiences have been designed based on industrial platforms and real-world applications.These initiatives aim to enhance the practical skills and innovative thinking of professional degree graduate students,fostering high-caliber talent that aligns with industry demands.A survey of 90 graduate students revealed high levels of satisfaction regarding course content,teaching methodology,and skill development.The reform has proven effective in cultivating interdisciplinary professionals with solid foundations in software engineering and AI-driven innovation.展开更多
Against the backdrop of accelerated development of new forms of trade,the question of whether rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)can help to reduce carbon emissions among Chinese enterprises is of great s...Against the backdrop of accelerated development of new forms of trade,the question of whether rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)can help to reduce carbon emissions among Chinese enterprises is of great significance for seizing new opportunities in foreign trade,and advancing firms’green and low-carbon transformation.This study treats the creation of CBEC pilot zones as a quasi-natural experiment,employing panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies matched with city-level information from 2006 to 2021.We construct a multi-period difference-in-differences model to identify the impact of CBEC pilot zone policy on corporate carbon emissions.Our findings indicate the construction of these pilot zones significantly reduces firms’carbon emissions intensity,and the results are robust across multiple tests.We show the pilot zone initiative contributes to emission reductions by enhancing the adoption of digital infrastructure,promoting green technological innovation,and increasing environmental awareness among enterprises.Quantile regressions reveal pilot zones exert a more pronounced carbon-reduction effect on firms characterized by high carbon emissions intensity and advanced levels of digital transformation.Moreover,the policy effect is especially significant in heavily polluting industries,and regions with weaker governmental environmental regulations or lower public environmental concerns.This study makes an innovative contribution to the literature by empirically verifying the environmental governance effect of establishing CBEC pilot zones,and offers practical guidance for governments in formulating cross-border e-commerce policies and for enterprises pursuing low carbon development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance ...Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.展开更多
Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enh...Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.展开更多
Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective fact...Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective factors on frailty transition by constructing a Protection Index(PI)to guide targeted interventions.Methods Data were extracted from the 4th Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China,including baseline(2017)and follow-up(2019)surveys.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI),whereas the PI measured protective factors.Frailty transitions over 2 years were analyzed prospectively.Pearson’s correlation examined the relationship between FI and PI,and logistic regression assessed the effects of PI on frailty transitions.Results This study included 9,093 older adults.FI values increased with age and were higher in women,whereas PI values decreased with age and were higher in men.Over 2 years,56.2%of the participants showed a stable frailty status,14.2%improved,and 29.6%worsened.Negative transitions were more common than positive transitions,with transitions occurring most frequently between adjacent states.The PI was moderately negatively correlated with the FI(r=−0.349,P<0.001).A higher PI was associated with a lower risk of negative transitions among robust and prefrail individuals(OR=0.989,0.981,both P<0.05),but showed no significant effect among those with existing frailty.Conclusion Negative frailty transitions were more common with advancing age.Enhancing PI may help prevent negative frailty transitions among robust and pre-frail older adults,underscoring the value of early interventions.展开更多
The development of wheat cultivars with improved nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture.Genetic dissection and identification of causative genes underlying nu...The development of wheat cultivars with improved nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture.Genetic dissection and identification of causative genes underlying nutrient use efficiency represent a key strategy toward this goal.We conducted an extensive genome-wide association study(GWAS)using a panel of 431 wheat cultivars,identifying 1,659 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(LOD>5)through genotyping-by-sequencing.This analysis revealed 534 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with 12 nutrient use efficiency traits across five distinct environments,among which 14 QTLs were consistently detected in at least three environments.Notably,meta-QTL analysis,showed that QTL80(72.12–74.24 Mb,chr2A),QTL387(32.88–33.56 Mb,chr6A),and QTL500(535.53–540.80 Mb,chr7B)exhibit clear co-localization with MQTL-2A-2,MQTL-6A-1,and MQTL-7B-2,respectively.This overlap highlights their robustness across diverse environmental conditions.Within these regions,critical candidate genes-including members of the bZIP transcription factor family and a potassium transporter gene-were identified in relation to nutrient use efficiency.Furthermore,a novel locus,QTL234,was discovered,harboring key candidate genes such as dof zinc finger protein,Ankyrin repeat family protein,and cytochrome P450.To validate the SNP within QTL234 associated with nitrogen harvest index(NHI),we developed a dCAPS marker for AX-109095537.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution SNP-based GWAS in rapidly pinpointing promising candidate genes.They also establish a foundation for large-scale QTL fine mapping,candidate gene validation,and the development of functional markers essential for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
文摘Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1909704)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.N2301026,N2301017).
文摘Addressing the environmental issues of traditional vanadium extraction methods from vanadium-bearing shale,a highly efficient and clean suspension oxidation roasting-curing-leaching process was proposed and semi-industrial trials were conducted.Vanadium in raw ore mainly exists in sericite,roscoelite,and limonite,predominantly in the forms of V(Ⅲ)and V(Ⅳ).Under the conditions of a feed rate of 30 kg/h,an air flow rate of 28.0 m^(3)/h,an O_(2) flow rate of 4.0 m^(3)/h,and a temperature of 900℃ in both the suspension furnace and fluidized reactor,the vanadium-bearing mica underwent dehydroxylation and transformed into illite-montmorillonite.These changes disrupted the crystal structure of mica,facilitating vanadium extraction.Compared to direct acid leaching,curing-leaching demonstrates better performance in vanadium extraction.Under the conditions of curing temperature of 130℃,acid dosage of 40 wt.%,curing time of 6 h,and leaching time of 3 h,a V_(2)O_(5) leaching efficiency of 83.92% was achieved.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (Nos.2020YFC1908702 and 2021YFC3200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52192684 and 52192680).
文摘Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt,China,generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system,which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion(CAD).Therefore,this paper is on a pilot scale,a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion(BTPAD)for low organic sludge(volatile solids(VS)of 4%)was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days.The VS degradation rate and CH_(4) yield of BTPAD increased by 19.93%and 53.33%,respectively,compared to those of CAD.The analysis of organic compositions in sludge revealed that BTPAD mainly improved the hydrolysis of proteins in sludge.Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that the short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment was enriched in Clostridiales,Coprothermobacter and Gelria,was capable of hydrolyzing acidified proteins,and provided more volatile fatty acid(VFA)for the subsequent reaction.Biome combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis showed that the number of bacteria with high methanogenic capacity in BTPAD was much higher than that in CAD during the medium temperature digestion stage,indicating that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could provide better methanogenic conditions for BTPAD.Furthermore,the greenhouse gas emission footprint analysis showed that short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment could reduce the carbon emission of sludge anaerobic digestion system by 19.18%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81903384and 82173596)Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (No. SKY2023041 and SKY2023180)+3 种基金the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program (Nos.2022YFSH0054 and 2023GLLH0387)the Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(ND2023B06)the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program (2025JC-YBMS-1020)Undergraduate Extracurricular Academic Research Funding of Soochow University (KY2023442B)
文摘Objective Lipid oxidation is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and may be contribute to the development of Ischemic stroke(IS).However,the lipid profiles associated with IS have been poorly studied.We conducted a pilot study to identify potential IS-related lipid molecules and pathways using lipidomic profiling.Methods Serum lipidomic profiling was performed using LC-MS in 20 patients with IS and 20 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Univariate and multivariate analyses were simultaneously performed to identify the differential lipids.Multiple testing was controlled for using a false discovery rate(FDR)approach.Enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst software.Results Based on the 294 lipids assayed,principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)models were used to distinguish patients with IS from healthy controls.Fifty-six differential lipids were identified with an FDR-adjusted P less than 0.05 and variable influences in projection(VIP)greater than 1.0.These lipids were significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism(FDR-adjusted P=0.009,impact score=0.216).Conclusions Serum lipid profiles differed significantly between patients with IS and healthy controls.Thus,glycerophospholipid metabolism may be involved in the development of IS.These results provide initial evidence that lipid molecules and their related metabolites may serve as new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82573974 and 82373475)to Z.Y.
文摘Dear Editor,Psoriasis,a chronic inflammatory cutaneous condition,is characterized by the development of red plaques with silvery scales,significantly affecting patients'quality of life and mental health[1].This condition is thought to affect approximately 2%of the Western population,with diagnosis peaking in early adulthood[2].Vitamin D,a fat-soluble vitamin,is essential for phospho-calcium metabolism,calcium homeostasis,and bone health.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662).
文摘Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
基金supported by“Dalian Maritime University Teaching Reform Research Fund 2022 Annual Project”(Fund No.XJG2022-96).
文摘This paper proposes an interdisciplinary talent training model that combines foreign language education with area studies.The model aims to cultivate international ocean affairs professionals with cross-cultural communication skills,in-depth regional and country knowledge,and practical expertise in ocean affairs.Additionally,the paper presents specific training pathways and policy recommendations for implementing this model.
文摘In modern society,the globalization of literary works is evident,with exceptional literary pieces from various countries spreading worldwide.Among these,children’s literature,due to the specificity of its target audience,imposes distinct requirements on children’s books,compelling translators to approach the text from a child’s perspective.“The Little Prince”has renowned both within and outside of China,and a careful reading of this work can provide us with much inspiration.To this end,the present study adopts the perspective of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies to conduct an in-depth analysis of the different English and Chinese translations in conjunction with the original French novel.This approach aims to better guide literary research and explores translation methods for children’s literature through the analysis of translation norms and rules.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2022JJ30987)the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (2024JK2107),China。
文摘Objective:The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)continue to rise globally,highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors for early detection and prevention.Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between CRC risk and various serum metabolites as well as inflammatory cytokines;however,due to limitations in study design and potential confounding factors,the causal relationships remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines,serum metabolites,and CRC risk,providing a theoretical basis for the development of novel early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Methods:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)design was applied using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Instrumental variables(IVs)were derived from:1)metabolomics GWAS data of 1400 serum metabolites(n=8299);2)cytokine GWAS data of 91 inflammatory factors(n=14824);and 3)CRC risk data from the FinnGen consortium(6847 cases and 314193 controls).The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method,with sensitivity analyses performed using MR Egger regression and the weighted median method.Effect estimates including odds ratios(OR),95%confidence intervals(CI),and false discovery rates(FDR)were calculated.Results:MR analysis indicated that higher levels of axin-1(AXIN1)(OR=0.84195%CI 0.714 to 0.991)and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L)(OR=0.916,95%CI 0.844 to 0.994)were associated with a reduced risk of CRC.In contrast,higher levels of Delta/Notchlike epidermal growth factor-related receptor(DNER)(OR=1.119,95%CI 1.009 to 1.241)and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)(OR=1.078,95%CI 1.011 to 1.150)were associated with an increased risk of CRC(all P<0.05).Metabolomics association analysis further identified 144 serum metabolites significantly correlated with these four key inflammatory cytokines(FDR<0.05),suggesting that they may regulate CRC risk through inflammatory pathways.Conclusion:Specific inflammatory cytokines and serum metabolites have causal relationships with the risk of CRC.These findings provide insights for further exploration of potential risk factors and the development of effective prevention strategies for CRC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(NNSF)of China under Grant 62001351the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment(6142403220202)the Stability Support Fund for Basic Military Industrial Research Institutes(A240104130).
文摘The orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS)modulation is a novel modulation scheme that can effectively cope with the high Doppler expansion caused by high mobility.Since it modulates data on delay-Doppler(DD)domain and makes full use of the sparse characteristics of DD domain,it has been widely studied to design efficient channel estimation and signal detection schemes.In this paper,we design a novel superimposed pilot pattern with transition band,which replaces the traditional embedded pilot(EP)guard zero-symbols,and perform a two-stage channel estimation.In the first stage,we fully utilize the dispersion characteristics of OTFS signal in DD domain,and use threshold decision to make coarse channel estimation.In the second stage,we use the results of the coarse estimation for iterative signal detection and accurate channel estimation.During the second stage,we make full use of the sparsity of the channel in DD domain,remodel the received signal into the form of sparse channel vector multiplied by channel coefficient matrix,and introduce Doppler index segmentation factor(DISF)to subdivide the Doppler index to solve the problem of fractional Doppler.Simulations reveal that,the scheme proposed in this paper has higher spectral efficiency compared with traditional EP scheme and lower peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)compared with traditional superimposed pilot scheme.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042025kf0052)。
文摘In molybdenum chemistry,the oxidative addition of o-quinone or 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds to molybdenum has been widely used in Mo-catalyzed C—C bond construction.The carbonyl oxidative addition to Mo(0)or Mo(Ⅱ)is the critical elementary reaction of molybdenum catalysis.However,the relevant density functional theory(DFT)studies are relatively scarce,especially regarding the rational selection of functionals.In this work,14 functionals were employed to investigate the Mo-catalyzed carbonyl oxidative addition step.A benchmark study was carried out to evaluate their performance in structure optimization and energy calculation.Analyses of mean absolute error(MAE)and mean squared error(MSE)indicated that the B3LYP-D3(BJ),TPSSh,and ωB97X-D functionals exhibited superior performance in structure optimization.Using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)functional as the reference,the M06,M06-L,and MN15-L functionals exhibited good performance for energy calculation based on the structures optimized using the B3LYP-D3(BJ)functional.In particular,MN15-L provided the best performance with the smallest MAE and MSE.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission(gzwkj2025-163)。
文摘Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.
文摘China ranked first worldwide in the production and export of electric bicycles.As an emerging market for electric bicycles,Malaysia holds significant potential for trade collabor ation with China in this sector.This study presents a compar ative analysis of the national electric bicycle standards in China and Malaysia,offering technical insights from a standardization perspective.These insights aim to support Chinese enterprises in strategically positioning their technologies in the Malaysian market.The findings reveal significant differences in technical parameters,safety requirements,and testing methods,highlighting the need for tailored product adapt ation.
基金supported by Project of Higher Education Teaching Reform Research in Heilongjiang Province(Graduate Education)(Grant No.SJGYY2024030).
文摘This paper investigates the teaching reform of the Program Comprehension and Analysis course in the context of industry-education integration and AI empowerment.To align with the evolving needs of the software industry,the course content has been updated to incorporate AI techniques such as large language models and deep learning.The reform enriches educational resources and introduces innovative instructional approaches.In addition,high-quality practical teaching cases have been developed,and immersive,hands-on learning experiences have been designed based on industrial platforms and real-world applications.These initiatives aim to enhance the practical skills and innovative thinking of professional degree graduate students,fostering high-caliber talent that aligns with industry demands.A survey of 90 graduate students revealed high levels of satisfaction regarding course content,teaching methodology,and skill development.The reform has proven effective in cultivating interdisciplinary professionals with solid foundations in software engineering and AI-driven innovation.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72204202]2025 Annual Research Program of the China Society for Commercial Statistics[Grant No.2025STY10]General Project of Philosophy Society in Jiangsu Province Universities[Grant Nos.2023SJYB0923 and 2025SJYB0708].
文摘Against the backdrop of accelerated development of new forms of trade,the question of whether rapid expansion of cross-border e-commerce(CBEC)can help to reduce carbon emissions among Chinese enterprises is of great significance for seizing new opportunities in foreign trade,and advancing firms’green and low-carbon transformation.This study treats the creation of CBEC pilot zones as a quasi-natural experiment,employing panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies matched with city-level information from 2006 to 2021.We construct a multi-period difference-in-differences model to identify the impact of CBEC pilot zone policy on corporate carbon emissions.Our findings indicate the construction of these pilot zones significantly reduces firms’carbon emissions intensity,and the results are robust across multiple tests.We show the pilot zone initiative contributes to emission reductions by enhancing the adoption of digital infrastructure,promoting green technological innovation,and increasing environmental awareness among enterprises.Quantile regressions reveal pilot zones exert a more pronounced carbon-reduction effect on firms characterized by high carbon emissions intensity and advanced levels of digital transformation.Moreover,the policy effect is especially significant in heavily polluting industries,and regions with weaker governmental environmental regulations or lower public environmental concerns.This study makes an innovative contribution to the literature by empirically verifying the environmental governance effect of establishing CBEC pilot zones,and offers practical guidance for governments in formulating cross-border e-commerce policies and for enterprises pursuing low carbon development.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293692,22502164,92472203,22222903,52271229,22472074,22272069,22361132532,and 22021001)+6 种基金the Industry-University-Research Joint Innovation Project of Fujian Province(2023H6029)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502063)the Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(Grant No.2024-05)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF 2401)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240897the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770016).
文摘Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.
文摘Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Nos.2020YFC2003000 and 2020YFC2003001]the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2023-074 and BJ-2023-018)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission“AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation”Project(Z221100003522015)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021-JKCS-024).
文摘Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective factors on frailty transition by constructing a Protection Index(PI)to guide targeted interventions.Methods Data were extracted from the 4th Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China,including baseline(2017)and follow-up(2019)surveys.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI),whereas the PI measured protective factors.Frailty transitions over 2 years were analyzed prospectively.Pearson’s correlation examined the relationship between FI and PI,and logistic regression assessed the effects of PI on frailty transitions.Results This study included 9,093 older adults.FI values increased with age and were higher in women,whereas PI values decreased with age and were higher in men.Over 2 years,56.2%of the participants showed a stable frailty status,14.2%improved,and 29.6%worsened.Negative transitions were more common than positive transitions,with transitions occurring most frequently between adjacent states.The PI was moderately negatively correlated with the FI(r=−0.349,P<0.001).A higher PI was associated with a lower risk of negative transitions among robust and prefrail individuals(OR=0.989,0.981,both P<0.05),but showed no significant effect among those with existing frailty.Conclusion Negative frailty transitions were more common with advancing age.Enhancing PI may help prevent negative frailty transitions among robust and pre-frail older adults,underscoring the value of early interventions.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900700)。
文摘The development of wheat cultivars with improved nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)use efficiency is essential for sustainable agriculture.Genetic dissection and identification of causative genes underlying nutrient use efficiency represent a key strategy toward this goal.We conducted an extensive genome-wide association study(GWAS)using a panel of 431 wheat cultivars,identifying 1,659 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(LOD>5)through genotyping-by-sequencing.This analysis revealed 534 quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with 12 nutrient use efficiency traits across five distinct environments,among which 14 QTLs were consistently detected in at least three environments.Notably,meta-QTL analysis,showed that QTL80(72.12–74.24 Mb,chr2A),QTL387(32.88–33.56 Mb,chr6A),and QTL500(535.53–540.80 Mb,chr7B)exhibit clear co-localization with MQTL-2A-2,MQTL-6A-1,and MQTL-7B-2,respectively.This overlap highlights their robustness across diverse environmental conditions.Within these regions,critical candidate genes-including members of the bZIP transcription factor family and a potassium transporter gene-were identified in relation to nutrient use efficiency.Furthermore,a novel locus,QTL234,was discovered,harboring key candidate genes such as dof zinc finger protein,Ankyrin repeat family protein,and cytochrome P450.To validate the SNP within QTL234 associated with nitrogen harvest index(NHI),we developed a dCAPS marker for AX-109095537.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution SNP-based GWAS in rapidly pinpointing promising candidate genes.They also establish a foundation for large-scale QTL fine mapping,candidate gene validation,and the development of functional markers essential for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in wheat breeding programs.
