BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the sixth most common cancer and fourthleading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,imposes a significant burden in Vietnam due to endemic hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepat...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the sixth most common cancer and fourthleading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,imposes a significant burden in Vietnam due to endemic hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections.Accurate prognostication is crucial for optimizing treatment and outcomes.Numerous staging systems exist,including the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC),Hong Kong Liver Cancer(HKLC),cancer of the liver Italian Program(CLIP),Italian Liver Cancer(ITA.LI.CA),Japan Integrated Staging(JIS),Tokyo Score,and model to estimate survival in ambulatory HCC patients(MESIAH).However,their comparative performance in Vietnamese patients remains underexplored.AIM To compare the prognostic accuracy of seven HCC staging systems in predicting survival and identify the optimal model.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 987 patients with HCC diagnosed at Nhan dan Gia Dinh Hospital,Vietnam,from January 2016 to December 2023.Patients were staged using BCLC,HKLC,CLIP,ITA.LI.CA,JIS,Tokyo score,and MESIAH.Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods,and prognostic performance was evaluated via the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Harrell’s concordance index,and calibration plots.RESULTS The HKLC and BCLC systems demonstrated the highest discriminatory ability,with area under the ROC curves of 0.834 and 0.830,respectively,at 12 months and 0.859 for both systems at 36 months.CLIP and ITA.LI.CA exhibited superior calibration,particularly at 36 months.The JIS system consistently showed the poorest discriminatory performance.Subgroup analyses revealed that HKLC maintained strong performance across different viral etiologies(HBV,HCV,non-B-non-C)and treatment modalities(transarterial chemoembolization,surgery,ablation).CONCLUSION The HKLC and BCLC systems showed superior prognostic performance for Vietnamese patients with HCC,supporting HKLC adoption in clinical practice.展开更多
According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the form...According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.展开更多
Two common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG) gene, rs1801282 and rs3856806, may be important candidate gene loci affecting the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. This case-co...Two common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG) gene, rs1801282 and rs3856806, may be important candidate gene loci affecting the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. This case-control study sought to identify the relationship between these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population. A total of 910 ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China as a case group, of whom 895 completed the study. The 883 healthy controls were recruited from the Health Check Center of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. All participants or family members provided informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University, China on February 20, 2012(approval No. 2012-38-1). The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559). Plasma genomic DNA was extracted from all participants and analyzed for rs1801282 and rs3856806 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the association between ischemic stroke and a particular genotype. Results demonstrated that the G allele frequency of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group(P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the G allele had a 1.844 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.286–2.645, P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the rs3856806 T allele had a 1.366 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.077–1.733, P = 0.010). The distribution frequencies of the PPARG gene haplotypes rs1801282-rs3856806 in the control and case groups were determined. The frequency of distribution in the G-T haplotype case group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The risk of ischemic stroke increased to 2.953 times in individuals carrying the G-T haplotype(OR = 2.953, 95% CI: 2.082–4.190, P < 0.001). The rs1801282 G allele and rs3856806 T allele had a multiplicative interaction(OR = 3.404, 95% CI: 1.631–7.102, P < 0.001) and additive interaction(RERI = 41.705, 95% CI: 14.586–68.824, AP = 0.860;95% CI: 0.779–0.940;S = 8.170, 95% CI: 3.772–17.697) on ischemic stroke risk, showing a synergistic effect. Of all ischemic stroke cases, 86% were attributed to the interaction of the G allele of rs1801282 and the T allele of rs3856806. The effect of the PPARG rs1801282 G allele on ischemic stroke risk was enhanced in the presence of the rs3856806 T allele(OR = 8.001 vs. 1.844). The effect of the rs3856806 T allele on ischemic stroke risk was also enhanced in the presence of the rs1801282 G allele(OR = 2.546 vs. 1.366). Our results confirmed that the G allele of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus and the T allele of the rs3856806 locus may be independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in the Han population of northern China, with a synergistic effect between the two alleles.展开更多
The paper summarizes results of the China Energy Modeling Forum's(CEMF)first study.Carbon emissions peaking scenarios,consistent with China's Paris commitment,have been simulated with seven national and indust...The paper summarizes results of the China Energy Modeling Forum's(CEMF)first study.Carbon emissions peaking scenarios,consistent with China's Paris commitment,have been simulated with seven national and industry-level energy models and compared.The CO2 emission trends in the considered scenarios peak from 2015 to 2030 at the level of 9e11 Gt.Sector-level analysis suggests that total emissions pathways before 2030 will be determined mainly by dynamics of emissions in the electric power industry and transportation sector.Both sectors will experience significant increase in demand,but have low-carbon alternative options for development.Based on a side-by-side comparison of modeling input and results,conclusions have been drawn regarding the sources of emissions projections differences,which include data,views on economic perspectives,or models'structure and theoretical framework.Some suggestions have been made regarding energy models'development priorities for further research.展开更多
On May 26,40 teachers and students from the graduating class of the Buddhist Academy of Xizang in Lhasa embarked on a teaching practice and national condition study tour in Zhejiang and Shanghai.
Rapid population aging has led to an increased focus on age-related conditions such as sarcopenia.causing loss of muscle mass and strength^([1,2]). Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes,including falls, funct...Rapid population aging has led to an increased focus on age-related conditions such as sarcopenia.causing loss of muscle mass and strength^([1,2]). Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes,including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality, which can lower the quality of life and shorten lifespan^([1,2]).展开更多
AIM:IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs).Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up s...AIM:IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs).Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up study. METHODS:Eight hundred and seventy-three IBD patients were enrolled (ulcerative colitis/UC/:619,m/f:317/302, mean age at presentation:38.3 years,average disease duration:11.2 years;Crohn's disease/CD/:254,m/f:125/129, mean age at presentation:32.5 years,average disease duration:9.2 years).Intestinal,extraintestinal signs and laboratory tests were monitored regularly.Any alteration suggesting an EIMs was investigated by a specialist. RESULTS:A total of 21.3% of patients with IBD had EIM (UC:15.0%,CD:36.6%).Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of EIM.Prevalence of EIMs was higher in women and in CD,ocular complications and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were more frequent in UC.In UC there was an increased tendency of EIM in patients with a more extensive disease.Joint complications were more frequent in CD (22.4% vsUC 10.2%,P<0.01).In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint complications (OR:3.63).In CD the frequency of type-1 peripheral arthritis was increased in patients with penetrating disease (P=0.028).PSC was present in 1.6% in UC and 0.8% in CD.Dermatological complications were present in 3.8% in UC and 10.2% in CD,the rate of ocular complications was around 3% in both diseases.Rare complications were glomerulonephritis,autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and celiac disease. CONCLUSION:Prevalence of EIM in Hungarian IBD patients is in concordance with data from Western countries.The high number of EIM supports a role for complex follow-up in these patients.展开更多
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortal...Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortality, high false positive rates can create economic and psychological burdens.展开更多
Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcom...Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.展开更多
In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and ...In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.展开更多
There are presently no in-depth published neuropsychological studies of West Nile Virus (WNV) encephalitis patients that have been well-correlated with high resolution structural MRI. In this study a middleaged male w...There are presently no in-depth published neuropsychological studies of West Nile Virus (WNV) encephalitis patients that have been well-correlated with high resolution structural MRI. In this study a middleaged male who developed West Nile Virus encephalitis five years previously was examined three times over a two year period. We examined him with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales—Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV/WMS-IV) and Advanced Clinical Solutions battery supplemented by tests of attention, executive, motor and sensory functions. Neuroradiological imaging revealed hypodensities within the left hippocampus in the axial and coronal planes with T2-FLAIR MRI. The man was previously high functioning and although he had prior history of well-controlled epilepsy it seems unlikely that the epilepsy could fully account for the neuropathological changes. The patient had previously completed a demanding six year double science degree program before he became ill with WNV and he had been a successful manager and director of a research company. Delayed auditory memory scores were at least two standard deviation units below age expected levels and semantic fluency and Booklet Category Tests of executive function were also in the impaired range. Moreover the illness onset profile of muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, memory complaints as well as inability to carry out research projects involving planning on the job were highly consistent with WNV encephalitis. If the memory and executive function deficits had been premorbid manifestations of epilepsy it is unlikely he would have attained the levels he did educationally and occupationally. This left hippocampal lesion is characteristic of other encephalitic viral infections such as herpes simplex virus. To our knowledge this is the first lateralized WNV encephalitis medial temporal lobe patient in the published literature.展开更多
Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their perform...Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the difference in gut microbiota between population with damp-heat constitution(DHC)and balanced constitution(BC).METHODS:A multi-centered cross-sectional casecontrol study was conducted,which...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the difference in gut microbiota between population with damp-heat constitution(DHC)and balanced constitution(BC).METHODS:A multi-centered cross-sectional casecontrol study was conducted,which included 249 participants with damp-heat constitution or balanced constitution.Baseline information of participants was collected,and stool samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis.Principal coordinate analysis,linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis,receiver operating characteristic,random forest model,and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states methods were used to reveal the relationship between gut microbiota and the damp-heat constitution.RESULTS:Compared to those in the BC group,the richness and diversity of the microbiota,specifically those of several short-chain fatty acid producing genera such as Barnesiella,Coprobacter,and Butyricimonas,were significantly decreased in the DHC group.Regarding biological functions,flavonoid biosynthesis,propanoate metabolism,and nucleotide sugar metabolism were suppressed,while arachidonic acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism were enriched in the DHC group.Finally,a classifier based on the microbiota was constructed to discriminate between the DHC and BC populations.CONCLUSION:The gut microbiota of the DHC population exhibits significantly reduced diversity and is closely related to inflammation,metabolic disorders,and liver steatosis,which is consistent with clinical observations,thus serving as a potential diagnostic tool for traditional Chinese medicine constitution discrimination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bowel preparation is a critical step in colonoscopy and endoscopic surgery.Adequate and effective bowel cleansing significantly improves lesion detection rates while reducing operative risks and complicatio...BACKGROUND Bowel preparation is a critical step in colonoscopy and endoscopic surgery.Adequate and effective bowel cleansing significantly improves lesion detection rates while reducing operative risks and complications.AIM To investigate the current state of inadequate bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy,identify the contributing factors,and develop interventions.METHODS This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study.A convenience sampling method was used to select 484 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Capital Medical University,from October 2023 to October 2024.General patient data,disease-related variables,and the Boston bowel preparation scale were collected.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation.RESULTS Among the 484 patients,the rate of inadequate bowel preparation was 25.8%(125/484).Influential factors for poor bowel preparation included history of colorectal surgery[odds ratio(OR)=5.814],low-residue diet 1 day prior(OR=0.145),time interval from last dose to start of examination(OR=1.447),total exercise time after medication(OR=0.992),and total number of bowel movements after medication(OR=0.900)(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study highlights several modifiable and non-modifiable factors influencing bowel preparation,such as surgical history and behavioral adherence.The findings support implementing dietary adjustments,optimized laxative timing,physical activity guidance,and tailored strategies for high-risk patients to improve bowel cleansing and enhance the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy.展开更多
Rice grain yield is primarily determined by three key agronomic traits:panicle number,grain number per panicle,and grain weight(GW).However,the inherent tradeoffs among these yield components remain a persistent chall...Rice grain yield is primarily determined by three key agronomic traits:panicle number,grain number per panicle,and grain weight(GW).However,the inherent tradeoffs among these yield components remain a persistent challenge in rice breeding programs.Notably,compared with GW,brown rice weight(BRW)provides a more direct metric associated with actual grain yield potential.In this study,we conducted a two-year replicated genome-wide association study to elucidate the genetic architecture of BRW and identify new loci regulating GW.Among seven consistently detected loci across experimental replicates,four were not co-localized with previously reported genes associated with BRW or GW traits.BRW1.1,one of the four newly identified loci,was found to encode a novel RNA-binding protein.Functional characterization revealed that BRW1.1 acts as a negative regulator of BRW,potentially through modulating mRNA translation processes.Intriguingly,through integrated analysis of mutant phenotypes and haplotype variations,we demonstrated that BRW1.1 mediates the physiological tradeoff between GW and panicle number.This study not only delineates the genetic determinants of BRW but also identifies BRW1.1 as a promising molecular target for breaking the yield component tradeoff in precision rice breeding.展开更多
Introduction Since the 21st century,the biomedical field has gained increasing attention.The biomedical field mainly encompasses biology,materials science,pharmacology,and drug delivery,etc.These areas hold significan...Introduction Since the 21st century,the biomedical field has gained increasing attention.The biomedical field mainly encompasses biology,materials science,pharmacology,and drug delivery,etc.These areas hold significant importance for human society in terms of health protection,disease diagnosis and treatment,via medical technology innovation and drug development.Consequently,scientists place great emphasis on research in this domain.It must be noted that the research process in biomedicine mainly includes topic selection,experimentation,analysis,and summary.Among these,topic selection is a critical step that affects the entire process.This topic selection not only clarifies the direction and objectives of the study but also provides a clear framework for subsequent research,thereby ensuring scientific rigor and effectiveness while laying a solid foundation for the result analysis.Thus,how to approach topic selection is a crucial issue that requires careful consideration.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Jour...Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Journal of Nursing Sciences[1].This is a letter written by a nurse with 10 years of clinical work experience and a personal interest in team dynamics.I appreciate the authors'recommendations on mitigating workplace silence among nurses to enhance clinical work development,and I believe their proposals could be expanded further.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a global public health issue.In 2021,537 million adults were diagnosed with T2D,corresponding to 10.5%of adults aged 20 and older.^(1)T2D increases the risks for morbidity,disability,and prematu...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a global public health issue.In 2021,537 million adults were diagnosed with T2D,corresponding to 10.5%of adults aged 20 and older.^(1)T2D increases the risks for morbidity,disability,and premature mortality,which increased by 3%between 2000 and 2019.2 Evidence is strong that maintaining a healthy diet,engaging in regular physical activity(PA),and preventing obesity can prevent or delay the incidence of T2D.展开更多
The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to iden...The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to identify novel AC genes/loci through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)using more than 5.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,12 genes related to AC,including the major gene Wx and 11 minor genes,were detected using the EMMAX method.A novel gene,LR,encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat(LRR)receptor(NLR)family protein,was selected for functional study.When LR was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9,the AC decreased significantly.Furthermore,the AC in varieties was significantly higher with Haplotype A compared to Haplotypes B and C of LR.Notably,two natural variations,SNP-385(Thr-Hap.A vs Ala-Haps.B and C)and SNP-758(Ser-Hap.A vs Asn-Haps.B and C),in the coding region of LR might play critical roles in regulating AC and serve as potential targets for cultivating rice with diverse amylose contents.展开更多
Melon(Cucumis melo L.)is a globally important fruit crop appreciated for its sweet taste,unique aroma,and nutritional value(Kaleem et al.,2024).Aroma,shaped by volatile organic compounds(VOCs),is a key trait influenci...Melon(Cucumis melo L.)is a globally important fruit crop appreciated for its sweet taste,unique aroma,and nutritional value(Kaleem et al.,2024).Aroma,shaped by volatile organic compounds(VOCs),is a key trait influencing consumer preference.These VOCs are mainly derived from amino acids,fatty acids,and terpenoid pathways(Chen et al.,2023).Esters contribute to fruity and sweet notes,whereas terpenes and C_(9) aldehydes/alcohols impart floral and melon-like aromas,respectively(Mayobre et al.,2024).展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the sixth most common cancer and fourthleading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,imposes a significant burden in Vietnam due to endemic hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections.Accurate prognostication is crucial for optimizing treatment and outcomes.Numerous staging systems exist,including the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC),Hong Kong Liver Cancer(HKLC),cancer of the liver Italian Program(CLIP),Italian Liver Cancer(ITA.LI.CA),Japan Integrated Staging(JIS),Tokyo Score,and model to estimate survival in ambulatory HCC patients(MESIAH).However,their comparative performance in Vietnamese patients remains underexplored.AIM To compare the prognostic accuracy of seven HCC staging systems in predicting survival and identify the optimal model.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 987 patients with HCC diagnosed at Nhan dan Gia Dinh Hospital,Vietnam,from January 2016 to December 2023.Patients were staged using BCLC,HKLC,CLIP,ITA.LI.CA,JIS,Tokyo score,and MESIAH.Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods,and prognostic performance was evaluated via the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Harrell’s concordance index,and calibration plots.RESULTS The HKLC and BCLC systems demonstrated the highest discriminatory ability,with area under the ROC curves of 0.834 and 0.830,respectively,at 12 months and 0.859 for both systems at 36 months.CLIP and ITA.LI.CA exhibited superior calibration,particularly at 36 months.The JIS system consistently showed the poorest discriminatory performance.Subgroup analyses revealed that HKLC maintained strong performance across different viral etiologies(HBV,HCV,non-B-non-C)and treatment modalities(transarterial chemoembolization,surgery,ablation).CONCLUSION The HKLC and BCLC systems showed superior prognostic performance for Vietnamese patients with HCC,supporting HKLC adoption in clinical practice.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (2023J2034).
文摘According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81070913(to ZYH)
文摘Two common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG) gene, rs1801282 and rs3856806, may be important candidate gene loci affecting the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. This case-control study sought to identify the relationship between these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population. A total of 910 ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China as a case group, of whom 895 completed the study. The 883 healthy controls were recruited from the Health Check Center of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. All participants or family members provided informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University, China on February 20, 2012(approval No. 2012-38-1). The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559). Plasma genomic DNA was extracted from all participants and analyzed for rs1801282 and rs3856806 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the association between ischemic stroke and a particular genotype. Results demonstrated that the G allele frequency of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group(P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the G allele had a 1.844 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.286–2.645, P < 0.001). Individuals carrying the rs3856806 T allele had a 1.366 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.077–1.733, P = 0.010). The distribution frequencies of the PPARG gene haplotypes rs1801282-rs3856806 in the control and case groups were determined. The frequency of distribution in the G-T haplotype case group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The risk of ischemic stroke increased to 2.953 times in individuals carrying the G-T haplotype(OR = 2.953, 95% CI: 2.082–4.190, P < 0.001). The rs1801282 G allele and rs3856806 T allele had a multiplicative interaction(OR = 3.404, 95% CI: 1.631–7.102, P < 0.001) and additive interaction(RERI = 41.705, 95% CI: 14.586–68.824, AP = 0.860;95% CI: 0.779–0.940;S = 8.170, 95% CI: 3.772–17.697) on ischemic stroke risk, showing a synergistic effect. Of all ischemic stroke cases, 86% were attributed to the interaction of the G allele of rs1801282 and the T allele of rs3856806. The effect of the PPARG rs1801282 G allele on ischemic stroke risk was enhanced in the presence of the rs3856806 T allele(OR = 8.001 vs. 1.844). The effect of the rs3856806 T allele on ischemic stroke risk was also enhanced in the presence of the rs1801282 G allele(OR = 2.546 vs. 1.366). Our results confirmed that the G allele of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus and the T allele of the rs3856806 locus may be independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in the Han population of northern China, with a synergistic effect between the two alleles.
文摘The paper summarizes results of the China Energy Modeling Forum's(CEMF)first study.Carbon emissions peaking scenarios,consistent with China's Paris commitment,have been simulated with seven national and industry-level energy models and compared.The CO2 emission trends in the considered scenarios peak from 2015 to 2030 at the level of 9e11 Gt.Sector-level analysis suggests that total emissions pathways before 2030 will be determined mainly by dynamics of emissions in the electric power industry and transportation sector.Both sectors will experience significant increase in demand,but have low-carbon alternative options for development.Based on a side-by-side comparison of modeling input and results,conclusions have been drawn regarding the sources of emissions projections differences,which include data,views on economic perspectives,or models'structure and theoretical framework.Some suggestions have been made regarding energy models'development priorities for further research.
文摘On May 26,40 teachers and students from the graduating class of the Buddhist Academy of Xizang in Lhasa embarked on a teaching practice and national condition study tour in Zhejiang and Shanghai.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education Chunhui Program Collaborative Scientific Research Projects(Grant No.:HZKY20220286)Henan Province Foreign Experts Introduction Program(Grant No.:HNGD2022021)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.:23230042151)the Foundation of the National Key Program of Research and Development of China(Grant No.:2016YFC0900803)。
文摘Rapid population aging has led to an increased focus on age-related conditions such as sarcopenia.causing loss of muscle mass and strength^([1,2]). Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes,including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality, which can lower the quality of life and shorten lifespan^([1,2]).
文摘AIM:IBD is a systemic disease associated with a large number of extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs).Our aim was to determine the prevalence of EIMs in a large IBD cohort in Veszprem Province in a 25-year follow-up study. METHODS:Eight hundred and seventy-three IBD patients were enrolled (ulcerative colitis/UC/:619,m/f:317/302, mean age at presentation:38.3 years,average disease duration:11.2 years;Crohn's disease/CD/:254,m/f:125/129, mean age at presentation:32.5 years,average disease duration:9.2 years).Intestinal,extraintestinal signs and laboratory tests were monitored regularly.Any alteration suggesting an EIMs was investigated by a specialist. RESULTS:A total of 21.3% of patients with IBD had EIM (UC:15.0%,CD:36.6%).Age at presentation did not affect the likelihood of EIM.Prevalence of EIMs was higher in women and in CD,ocular complications and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were more frequent in UC.In UC there was an increased tendency of EIM in patients with a more extensive disease.Joint complications were more frequent in CD (22.4% vsUC 10.2%,P<0.01).In UC positive family history increased the risk of joint complications (OR:3.63).In CD the frequency of type-1 peripheral arthritis was increased in patients with penetrating disease (P=0.028).PSC was present in 1.6% in UC and 0.8% in CD.Dermatological complications were present in 3.8% in UC and 10.2% in CD,the rate of ocular complications was around 3% in both diseases.Rare complications were glomerulonephritis,autoimmune hemolytic anaemia and celiac disease. CONCLUSION:Prevalence of EIM in Hungarian IBD patients is in concordance with data from Western countries.The high number of EIM supports a role for complex follow-up in these patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82204127 and 72204172)。
文摘Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortality, high false positive rates can create economic and psychological burdens.
文摘Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
文摘In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.
文摘There are presently no in-depth published neuropsychological studies of West Nile Virus (WNV) encephalitis patients that have been well-correlated with high resolution structural MRI. In this study a middleaged male who developed West Nile Virus encephalitis five years previously was examined three times over a two year period. We examined him with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales—Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV/WMS-IV) and Advanced Clinical Solutions battery supplemented by tests of attention, executive, motor and sensory functions. Neuroradiological imaging revealed hypodensities within the left hippocampus in the axial and coronal planes with T2-FLAIR MRI. The man was previously high functioning and although he had prior history of well-controlled epilepsy it seems unlikely that the epilepsy could fully account for the neuropathological changes. The patient had previously completed a demanding six year double science degree program before he became ill with WNV and he had been a successful manager and director of a research company. Delayed auditory memory scores were at least two standard deviation units below age expected levels and semantic fluency and Booklet Category Tests of executive function were also in the impaired range. Moreover the illness onset profile of muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, memory complaints as well as inability to carry out research projects involving planning on the job were highly consistent with WNV encephalitis. If the memory and executive function deficits had been premorbid manifestations of epilepsy it is unlikely he would have attained the levels he did educationally and occupationally. This left hippocampal lesion is characteristic of other encephalitic viral infections such as herpes simplex virus. To our knowledge this is the first lateralized WNV encephalitis medial temporal lobe patient in the published literature.
文摘Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.
基金National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant for the Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences:Mechanism of Regulating Phlegm-Dampness Constitution to Prevent Metabolic Diseases based on Gut Microbiota-host DNA Methylation(No.YZ-202151)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the difference in gut microbiota between population with damp-heat constitution(DHC)and balanced constitution(BC).METHODS:A multi-centered cross-sectional casecontrol study was conducted,which included 249 participants with damp-heat constitution or balanced constitution.Baseline information of participants was collected,and stool samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis.Principal coordinate analysis,linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis,receiver operating characteristic,random forest model,and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states methods were used to reveal the relationship between gut microbiota and the damp-heat constitution.RESULTS:Compared to those in the BC group,the richness and diversity of the microbiota,specifically those of several short-chain fatty acid producing genera such as Barnesiella,Coprobacter,and Butyricimonas,were significantly decreased in the DHC group.Regarding biological functions,flavonoid biosynthesis,propanoate metabolism,and nucleotide sugar metabolism were suppressed,while arachidonic acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism were enriched in the DHC group.Finally,a classifier based on the microbiota was constructed to discriminate between the DHC and BC populations.CONCLUSION:The gut microbiota of the DHC population exhibits significantly reduced diversity and is closely related to inflammation,metabolic disorders,and liver steatosis,which is consistent with clinical observations,thus serving as a potential diagnostic tool for traditional Chinese medicine constitution discrimination.
基金Supported by the Beijing Key Clinical Specialty Project.
文摘BACKGROUND Bowel preparation is a critical step in colonoscopy and endoscopic surgery.Adequate and effective bowel cleansing significantly improves lesion detection rates while reducing operative risks and complications.AIM To investigate the current state of inadequate bowel preparation in patients undergoing colonoscopy,identify the contributing factors,and develop interventions.METHODS This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study.A convenience sampling method was used to select 484 patients who underwent colonoscopy at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital,Capital Medical University,from October 2023 to October 2024.General patient data,disease-related variables,and the Boston bowel preparation scale were collected.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation.RESULTS Among the 484 patients,the rate of inadequate bowel preparation was 25.8%(125/484).Influential factors for poor bowel preparation included history of colorectal surgery[odds ratio(OR)=5.814],low-residue diet 1 day prior(OR=0.145),time interval from last dose to start of examination(OR=1.447),total exercise time after medication(OR=0.992),and total number of bowel movements after medication(OR=0.900)(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study highlights several modifiable and non-modifiable factors influencing bowel preparation,such as surgical history and behavioral adherence.The findings support implementing dietary adjustments,optimized laxative timing,physical activity guidance,and tailored strategies for high-risk patients to improve bowel cleansing and enhance the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32000377,32172037,and 32472211)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project,China(Grant No.2023ZD04068)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.KJQN202103)the open funds of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization,China(Grant No.ZW202401)the Cyrus Tang Innovation Center for Crop Seed Industry,China.
文摘Rice grain yield is primarily determined by three key agronomic traits:panicle number,grain number per panicle,and grain weight(GW).However,the inherent tradeoffs among these yield components remain a persistent challenge in rice breeding programs.Notably,compared with GW,brown rice weight(BRW)provides a more direct metric associated with actual grain yield potential.In this study,we conducted a two-year replicated genome-wide association study to elucidate the genetic architecture of BRW and identify new loci regulating GW.Among seven consistently detected loci across experimental replicates,four were not co-localized with previously reported genes associated with BRW or GW traits.BRW1.1,one of the four newly identified loci,was found to encode a novel RNA-binding protein.Functional characterization revealed that BRW1.1 acts as a negative regulator of BRW,potentially through modulating mRNA translation processes.Intriguingly,through integrated analysis of mutant phenotypes and haplotype variations,we demonstrated that BRW1.1 mediates the physiological tradeoff between GW and panicle number.This study not only delineates the genetic determinants of BRW but also identifies BRW1.1 as a promising molecular target for breaking the yield component tradeoff in precision rice breeding.
文摘Introduction Since the 21st century,the biomedical field has gained increasing attention.The biomedical field mainly encompasses biology,materials science,pharmacology,and drug delivery,etc.These areas hold significant importance for human society in terms of health protection,disease diagnosis and treatment,via medical technology innovation and drug development.Consequently,scientists place great emphasis on research in this domain.It must be noted that the research process in biomedicine mainly includes topic selection,experimentation,analysis,and summary.Among these,topic selection is a critical step that affects the entire process.This topic selection not only clarifies the direction and objectives of the study but also provides a clear framework for subsequent research,thereby ensuring scientific rigor and effectiveness while laying a solid foundation for the result analysis.Thus,how to approach topic selection is a crucial issue that requires careful consideration.
文摘Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Journal of Nursing Sciences[1].This is a letter written by a nurse with 10 years of clinical work experience and a personal interest in team dynamics.I appreciate the authors'recommendations on mitigating workplace silence among nurses to enhance clinical work development,and I believe their proposals could be expanded further.
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a global public health issue.In 2021,537 million adults were diagnosed with T2D,corresponding to 10.5%of adults aged 20 and older.^(1)T2D increases the risks for morbidity,disability,and premature mortality,which increased by 3%between 2000 and 2019.2 Evidence is strong that maintaining a healthy diet,engaging in regular physical activity(PA),and preventing obesity can prevent or delay the incidence of T2D.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.2021JJLH0041)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.LY23C130006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472207)Nanfan Special Project,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant Nos.YBXM2436 and YBXM2326)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund,China(Grant No.ZDYF2022XDNY256)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.KJRC2023B24).
文摘The genetic mechanism determining amylose content(AC)and its impact on eating and cooking quality(ECQ)of rice is highly complex.To elucidate the genetic basis of AC in rice,the Ting’s core collection was used to identify novel AC genes/loci through genome-wide association analysis(GWAS)using more than 5.0 million single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).In this study,12 genes related to AC,including the major gene Wx and 11 minor genes,were detected using the EMMAX method.A novel gene,LR,encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat(LRR)receptor(NLR)family protein,was selected for functional study.When LR was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9,the AC decreased significantly.Furthermore,the AC in varieties was significantly higher with Haplotype A compared to Haplotypes B and C of LR.Notably,two natural variations,SNP-385(Thr-Hap.A vs Ala-Haps.B and C)and SNP-758(Ser-Hap.A vs Asn-Haps.B and C),in the coding region of LR might play critical roles in regulating AC and serve as potential targets for cultivating rice with diverse amylose contents.
基金supported by Project of Renovation Capacity Building for the Young Sci-Tech Talents Sponsored by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.xjnkq-2021011)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2025XDNY089)+2 种基金Project of Fund for Stable Support to Agricultural Sci-Tech Renovation(Grant No.xjnkywdzc-2023001-35)Guangxi Agricultural Science and Technology Project,China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MORA(CARS-25)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2662024JC004)。
文摘Melon(Cucumis melo L.)is a globally important fruit crop appreciated for its sweet taste,unique aroma,and nutritional value(Kaleem et al.,2024).Aroma,shaped by volatile organic compounds(VOCs),is a key trait influencing consumer preference.These VOCs are mainly derived from amino acids,fatty acids,and terpenoid pathways(Chen et al.,2023).Esters contribute to fruity and sweet notes,whereas terpenes and C_(9) aldehydes/alcohols impart floral and melon-like aromas,respectively(Mayobre et al.,2024).
