AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diag...AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with HCC between June 2008 and April 2009 in our department were enrolled to this study. One hundred and thirty-five (96.5%) patients had liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 73 (54.07%) of them being HBV DNA positive; the other etiologies of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver disease (1.4%), hepatitis C (1.4%) or cryptogenic (0.7%). All subjects were fully aware of their diagnosis and provided informed consent. HRQoL was assessed before treatment using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics and disease-specific characteristics of the patients. One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t tests were used to compare the overall FACT-Hep scores and clinically distinct TNM stages. Scores for all FACT-Hep items were analyzed by frequency analyses. The mean scores obtained from the FACT-Hep in different Child-Pugh classes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean FACT-Hep scores were reduced significantly from TNM StageⅠto Stage Ⅱ, Stage ⅢA, Stage ⅢB group (687 ± 39.69 vs 547 ± 42.57 vs 387 ± 51.24 vs 177 ± 71.44, P = 0.001). Regarding the physical and emotional well-being subscales, scores decreased gradually from Stage Ⅰ to Stage ⅢB (P = 0.002 vs Stage Ⅰ; P = 0.032 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.033 vs Stage ⅢA). Mean FACT-Hep scores varied by Child-Pugh class, especially in the subscales of physical well-being, functional well-being and the hepatobiliary cancer (P = 0.001 vs Stage I; P = 0.036 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.032 vs Stage ⅢA). For the social and family well-being subscale, only Stage ⅢB scores were significantly lower as compared with Stage Ⅰ scores (P = 0.035). For the subscales of functional well-being and hepatobiliary cancer, there were significant differences for Stages ⅡΙ, ⅢA and ⅢB (P = 0.002vs StageⅠ). CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients with HCC worsens gradually with progression of TNM stages. The most impaired subscales of HRQoL, as measured by FACT-Hep, were physical and emotional well-being.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the medical outcome study human immunodeficiency virus(MOS-HIV)health survey among people living with HIV or acquired immune deficiency synd...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the medical outcome study human immunodeficiency virus(MOS-HIV)health survey among people living with HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in Iran is our main goal in this study.METHODS: The MOS-HIV questionnaire was translated into Persian using backward translation and the Persian version was filled by 100 HIV infected patients. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total questionnaire and for each dimension. Convergent, discriminant and construct validity were performed. Comparisons were performed between the subscales of the questionnaire in Iran and some other countries with t-test.RESULTS: The overall Cronbach's alpha in this study was 0.90 and the range of this coefficient was from 0.71 to 0.86 across the subscales with two exceptions, general health perception and role functioning, which were at 0.65 and 0.61. Convergent and discriminant validity were excellent in all domains. The two factor confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit based on standardized estimates of factor loading, incremental and absolute fit indices.CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the MOS-HIV had good reliability and validity in measuring health related quality of life in people living with HIV in Iran. Furthermore, quality of life for HIV infected patients was very low in comparing with the people in some other countries.展开更多
Blended oils have many uses when compared with single oils,due to presence of high Omega9 levels.They help in brain development and reduce the risk of heart diseases.This investigation of blended oils was chosen takin...Blended oils have many uses when compared with single oils,due to presence of high Omega9 levels.They help in brain development and reduce the risk of heart diseases.This investigation of blended oils was chosen taking into consideration the regular use of coconut oil(CO),palm oil(PAO),peanut oil(PO),and groundnut oil(GO),and using these blends three popular South Indian snacks were prepared.The oil blending was in the proportion of 50:50 using four different oils.This study includes the physicochemical properties of blended oils such as their p H,colour,nutritional assessment,and changes in the parameters of mixed oils.Additionally,these oil mixes were utilized for preparing different types of gram flour snacks including potato fries,pakoda,and karasev.The shelf life of the snacks was studied,considering the changes in their synthetic and tangible attributes.The changes seen in the oil separated from the fried items were very close to that of the control.Tangible assessment of the prepared fritters showed that they were synthetically safe to eat for up to two weeks.Six oil blends(CO:PO,CO:PAO,CO:GO,PO:GO,PO:PAO,and GO:PAO)were prepared successfully.Among the blended oils,coconut oil with peanut oil showed the highest spread ability,while groundnut oil with palm oil showed the lowest spread ability.The coconut and groundnut oil blend showed the highest ratio(58.8%)of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.Polyunsaturated linoleic acid(18:2;24.3%),α-linoleic acid(18:2;5%),oleic acid(18:1;25%),capric acid(2.8%),lauric acid(1.8%),myristic acid(1.6%),palmitic acid(16:0;14.5%),and steric acid(18:0;9.2%)were seen in the coconut and groundnut oil blend.The palm and peanut oil blend showed the least ratio(51.4%)for unsaturated and saturated oils,with oleic acid(21%),lauric acid(1.9%),andα-linoleic acid(2%).Among all the blended oils,coconut oil mixed with groundnut oil showed the highest level of acceptability for gram flour products.The content of free fatty acids was very high in the combination of palm and peanut oil.The three gram flour products prepared using blends of coconut oil and groundnut oil showed good appearance(8%),flavour of the product prepared with combinations of groundnut(refined)oil has high acceptability,good texture(8%),high acceptability(8%)in taste and overall acceptability of sensory evaluation.These blends in the future may develop good quality oils giving a high shelf life to food products.展开更多
妇女长寿的秘密在于生育少,这个看似寻常的观点在本文却有一番学术探讨。在详细考证和研究了英国贵族的生、死和婚姻情况后,有人提出:the secret of a long life appears to be: have fewer children.不仅少生能长寿,晚育也同样能长寿:...妇女长寿的秘密在于生育少,这个看似寻常的观点在本文却有一番学术探讨。在详细考证和研究了英国贵族的生、死和婚姻情况后,有人提出:the secret of a long life appears to be: have fewer children.不仅少生能长寿,晚育也同样能长寿:…women who had their first child later in life lived longer that those who began reproducing early.当然,这个考证和发现尚有待进一步的发掘,文章末尾的一个观点则可视作一重要补充:For genealogy(系谱)studies we cannot distinguish the effects of genetic similarity(遗传类似)from those of common environment, so it remains to be seen whether the observed patterns are due to nature or nurture(营养品).】展开更多
Microbiology,born to study life forms invisible to the naked eye,owes its origin to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,who in the 1670s first observed bacteria and other microbes using microscopes of his design.From its inceptio...Microbiology,born to study life forms invisible to the naked eye,owes its origin to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,who in the 1670s first observed bacteria and other microbes using microscopes of his design.From its inception,microbiology has been an interdisciplinary science,deeply reliant on advances in instrumentation and methodology.A pivotal milestone was reached in the late 19th century when Robert Koch established the germtheory of disease by conclusively linking specific microbes to specific illnesses.展开更多
The deep space and deep sea are imperative frontiers to explore the origin of life,comprehend the Earth,and protect the natural environment.Gases released by the metabolic processes of life leave their marks in the oc...The deep space and deep sea are imperative frontiers to explore the origin of life,comprehend the Earth,and protect the natural environment.Gases released by the metabolic processes of life leave their marks in the ocean dissolved gases and the atmospheric chemical balance.The study of the life evolution on Earth indicates that extraterrestrial oceans and habitable atmospheric environments on exoplanets are the most important elements for traces of extraterrestrial life.In most cutting-edge explorations,the gas molecule is probably one of the most important objects to expand the boundaries of our cognition.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Fluorescent dyes have revolutionized the way we study life science and conduct medical diagnostics.Compared with visible wavelengths,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence has gained significant attention due to it...CONSPECTUS:Fluorescent dyes have revolutionized the way we study life science and conduct medical diagnostics.Compared with visible wavelengths,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence has gained significant attention due to its unique properties,such as deep tissue penetration,reduced autofluorescence,and improved signal-to-noise ratios,making it highly desirable for a wide range of in vivo applications including noninvasive sensing,cancer research,and drug delivery.In fluorescence sensing,the absorption of light by a fluorophore and its subsequent transition to an excited state are critical steps.Once in the excited state,the molecule may undergo various relaxation processes including internal conversion,vibrational relaxation,and radiative/nonradiative decay.These processes directly impact the fluorophore’s emission wavelength,brightness,photostability,and other properties.Therefore,rational modulation of molecular excited states is vital for achieving effective fluorescence sensing.However,NIR fluorophores with a small S0−S1 energy gap,as governed by the energy gap law,exhibit much faster nonradiative deactivation pathway compared to dyes in the visible region.This fast relaxation process makes them more susceptible to interference from molecular aggregation behavior,environmental factors,and so on.Thus,there is often a trade-off effect between achieving a tunable red-shift wavelength and a desirable performance in light-up imaging and quantitative sensing.Overcoming these challenges requires careful engineering of molecular structures and modulation of excited states to achieve the desired balance between extending emission wavelength and performance in NIR bioimaging.In this Account,we present our recent progress in manipulating molecular excited states for the rational design of NIR fluorescent probes.Specifically,we focus on engineering novel molecular building blocks,exploring photophysical mechanisms,and regulating assembly behavior(to inhibit or amplify excited state intramolecular motion in aggregates),aiming to resolve long-standing issues in lighting-up mapping,quantitative sensing,and so on.First,we introduce the monochromophore-based“reliable ratiometric”strategy with additional emission,enabling NIR fluorescence quantification of hypoxia and biomolecules.Second,we demonstrate how to reverse the excited state rotation driving energy,achieving completely overturning the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)fluorophores’quenching mode into the light-up mode.Third,we discuss the relationship between the NIR chromophore aggregation behavior and excited state relaxation.Through inhibiting or amplifying excited state intramolecular motion,it could well improve imaging fidelity and theranostic outcomes.Finally,we explore future perspectives and challenges of modulation of molecular excited states in dynamic NIR fluorescent bioimaging.It is hoped that this Account provides a deepening of research on molecular excited states and guidance for the development of novel high-performance NIR probes for physiological/pharmacological studies and clinical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from the E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. E03008Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project Fund 2010-2011, No. 2010L052B
文摘AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with HCC between June 2008 and April 2009 in our department were enrolled to this study. One hundred and thirty-five (96.5%) patients had liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 73 (54.07%) of them being HBV DNA positive; the other etiologies of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver disease (1.4%), hepatitis C (1.4%) or cryptogenic (0.7%). All subjects were fully aware of their diagnosis and provided informed consent. HRQoL was assessed before treatment using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics and disease-specific characteristics of the patients. One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t tests were used to compare the overall FACT-Hep scores and clinically distinct TNM stages. Scores for all FACT-Hep items were analyzed by frequency analyses. The mean scores obtained from the FACT-Hep in different Child-Pugh classes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean FACT-Hep scores were reduced significantly from TNM StageⅠto Stage Ⅱ, Stage ⅢA, Stage ⅢB group (687 ± 39.69 vs 547 ± 42.57 vs 387 ± 51.24 vs 177 ± 71.44, P = 0.001). Regarding the physical and emotional well-being subscales, scores decreased gradually from Stage Ⅰ to Stage ⅢB (P = 0.002 vs Stage Ⅰ; P = 0.032 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.033 vs Stage ⅢA). Mean FACT-Hep scores varied by Child-Pugh class, especially in the subscales of physical well-being, functional well-being and the hepatobiliary cancer (P = 0.001 vs Stage I; P = 0.036 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.032 vs Stage ⅢA). For the social and family well-being subscale, only Stage ⅢB scores were significantly lower as compared with Stage Ⅰ scores (P = 0.035). For the subscales of functional well-being and hepatobiliary cancer, there were significant differences for Stages ⅡΙ, ⅢA and ⅢB (P = 0.002vs StageⅠ). CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients with HCC worsens gradually with progression of TNM stages. The most impaired subscales of HRQoL, as measured by FACT-Hep, were physical and emotional well-being.
基金Supported by the grant from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Research Council(No.88-4665)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the medical outcome study human immunodeficiency virus(MOS-HIV)health survey among people living with HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in Iran is our main goal in this study.METHODS: The MOS-HIV questionnaire was translated into Persian using backward translation and the Persian version was filled by 100 HIV infected patients. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total questionnaire and for each dimension. Convergent, discriminant and construct validity were performed. Comparisons were performed between the subscales of the questionnaire in Iran and some other countries with t-test.RESULTS: The overall Cronbach's alpha in this study was 0.90 and the range of this coefficient was from 0.71 to 0.86 across the subscales with two exceptions, general health perception and role functioning, which were at 0.65 and 0.61. Convergent and discriminant validity were excellent in all domains. The two factor confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit based on standardized estimates of factor loading, incremental and absolute fit indices.CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the MOS-HIV had good reliability and validity in measuring health related quality of life in people living with HIV in Iran. Furthermore, quality of life for HIV infected patients was very low in comparing with the people in some other countries.
文摘Blended oils have many uses when compared with single oils,due to presence of high Omega9 levels.They help in brain development and reduce the risk of heart diseases.This investigation of blended oils was chosen taking into consideration the regular use of coconut oil(CO),palm oil(PAO),peanut oil(PO),and groundnut oil(GO),and using these blends three popular South Indian snacks were prepared.The oil blending was in the proportion of 50:50 using four different oils.This study includes the physicochemical properties of blended oils such as their p H,colour,nutritional assessment,and changes in the parameters of mixed oils.Additionally,these oil mixes were utilized for preparing different types of gram flour snacks including potato fries,pakoda,and karasev.The shelf life of the snacks was studied,considering the changes in their synthetic and tangible attributes.The changes seen in the oil separated from the fried items were very close to that of the control.Tangible assessment of the prepared fritters showed that they were synthetically safe to eat for up to two weeks.Six oil blends(CO:PO,CO:PAO,CO:GO,PO:GO,PO:PAO,and GO:PAO)were prepared successfully.Among the blended oils,coconut oil with peanut oil showed the highest spread ability,while groundnut oil with palm oil showed the lowest spread ability.The coconut and groundnut oil blend showed the highest ratio(58.8%)of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.Polyunsaturated linoleic acid(18:2;24.3%),α-linoleic acid(18:2;5%),oleic acid(18:1;25%),capric acid(2.8%),lauric acid(1.8%),myristic acid(1.6%),palmitic acid(16:0;14.5%),and steric acid(18:0;9.2%)were seen in the coconut and groundnut oil blend.The palm and peanut oil blend showed the least ratio(51.4%)for unsaturated and saturated oils,with oleic acid(21%),lauric acid(1.9%),andα-linoleic acid(2%).Among all the blended oils,coconut oil mixed with groundnut oil showed the highest level of acceptability for gram flour products.The content of free fatty acids was very high in the combination of palm and peanut oil.The three gram flour products prepared using blends of coconut oil and groundnut oil showed good appearance(8%),flavour of the product prepared with combinations of groundnut(refined)oil has high acceptability,good texture(8%),high acceptability(8%)in taste and overall acceptability of sensory evaluation.These blends in the future may develop good quality oils giving a high shelf life to food products.
文摘妇女长寿的秘密在于生育少,这个看似寻常的观点在本文却有一番学术探讨。在详细考证和研究了英国贵族的生、死和婚姻情况后,有人提出:the secret of a long life appears to be: have fewer children.不仅少生能长寿,晚育也同样能长寿:…women who had their first child later in life lived longer that those who began reproducing early.当然,这个考证和发现尚有待进一步的发掘,文章末尾的一个观点则可视作一重要补充:For genealogy(系谱)studies we cannot distinguish the effects of genetic similarity(遗传类似)from those of common environment, so it remains to be seen whether the observed patterns are due to nature or nurture(营养品).】
基金supported by theBeijing Natural Science Founda-tion(grant number IS23089 to Y.V.F.)the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(grant number 52091541 to Y.V.F.).
文摘Microbiology,born to study life forms invisible to the naked eye,owes its origin to Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,who in the 1670s first observed bacteria and other microbes using microscopes of his design.From its inception,microbiology has been an interdisciplinary science,deeply reliant on advances in instrumentation and methodology.A pivotal milestone was reached in the late 19th century when Robert Koch established the germtheory of disease by conclusively linking specific microbes to specific illnesses.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0201000 and 2023YFF0714700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62375262).
文摘The deep space and deep sea are imperative frontiers to explore the origin of life,comprehend the Earth,and protect the natural environment.Gases released by the metabolic processes of life leave their marks in the ocean dissolved gases and the atmospheric chemical balance.The study of the life evolution on Earth indicates that extraterrestrial oceans and habitable atmospheric environments on exoplanets are the most important elements for traces of extraterrestrial life.In most cutting-edge explorations,the gas molecule is probably one of the most important objects to expand the boundaries of our cognition.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFA0910000)NSFC/China(22225805,21878087,and 22378122)+4 种基金Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,grant 2021 Sci&Tech 03-28)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant 2018SHZDZX03)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program(22QC1400400)Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B16017)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1416600).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Fluorescent dyes have revolutionized the way we study life science and conduct medical diagnostics.Compared with visible wavelengths,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence has gained significant attention due to its unique properties,such as deep tissue penetration,reduced autofluorescence,and improved signal-to-noise ratios,making it highly desirable for a wide range of in vivo applications including noninvasive sensing,cancer research,and drug delivery.In fluorescence sensing,the absorption of light by a fluorophore and its subsequent transition to an excited state are critical steps.Once in the excited state,the molecule may undergo various relaxation processes including internal conversion,vibrational relaxation,and radiative/nonradiative decay.These processes directly impact the fluorophore’s emission wavelength,brightness,photostability,and other properties.Therefore,rational modulation of molecular excited states is vital for achieving effective fluorescence sensing.However,NIR fluorophores with a small S0−S1 energy gap,as governed by the energy gap law,exhibit much faster nonradiative deactivation pathway compared to dyes in the visible region.This fast relaxation process makes them more susceptible to interference from molecular aggregation behavior,environmental factors,and so on.Thus,there is often a trade-off effect between achieving a tunable red-shift wavelength and a desirable performance in light-up imaging and quantitative sensing.Overcoming these challenges requires careful engineering of molecular structures and modulation of excited states to achieve the desired balance between extending emission wavelength and performance in NIR bioimaging.In this Account,we present our recent progress in manipulating molecular excited states for the rational design of NIR fluorescent probes.Specifically,we focus on engineering novel molecular building blocks,exploring photophysical mechanisms,and regulating assembly behavior(to inhibit or amplify excited state intramolecular motion in aggregates),aiming to resolve long-standing issues in lighting-up mapping,quantitative sensing,and so on.First,we introduce the monochromophore-based“reliable ratiometric”strategy with additional emission,enabling NIR fluorescence quantification of hypoxia and biomolecules.Second,we demonstrate how to reverse the excited state rotation driving energy,achieving completely overturning the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)fluorophores’quenching mode into the light-up mode.Third,we discuss the relationship between the NIR chromophore aggregation behavior and excited state relaxation.Through inhibiting or amplifying excited state intramolecular motion,it could well improve imaging fidelity and theranostic outcomes.Finally,we explore future perspectives and challenges of modulation of molecular excited states in dynamic NIR fluorescent bioimaging.It is hoped that this Account provides a deepening of research on molecular excited states and guidance for the development of novel high-performance NIR probes for physiological/pharmacological studies and clinical applications.
