Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance ...Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.展开更多
Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enh...Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.展开更多
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the ...Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the aggressive nature of thedisease and the significant burden it places on globalhealthcare systems. Although primary preventionremains the cornerstone of liver cancer control,improving outcomes for patients already diagnosedis equally critical for mitigating the impact of thedisease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.AIM To analyze the characteri...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.AIM To analyze the characteristics of top 100 cited articles on gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS A bibliometric analysis was conducted.The publications and their features were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection,Science Citation Index-Expanded database.Excel,Web of Science database and SPSS software were used to perform the statistical description and analysis.VOSviewer software and Map-Chart were responsible for the visualizations.RESULTS The top 100 cited articles were published between 1976 and 2022.The guidelines(52%)and clinical trials(37%)are the main article types,and average publication year of the guidelines is much later than that of the clinical trials(2015 vs 1998).Among the clinical trials,diagnostic study(27.0%),cohort study(21.6%),case series(13.5%)and cross-sectional study(10.8%)account for a large proportion.Average citations of different study types and designs of the enrolled studies are of no significant differences.Most of the 100 articles were published by European authors and recorded by the endoscopic journals(65%).Top journals in medicine,such as the Lancet,New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA,also reported studies in this field.The hot spots of involved diseases include neoplasm or cancer-related diseases,inflammatory diseases,obstructive diseases,gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulcer.Endoscopic surgery,endoscopic therapy and stent placement are frequently studied.CONCLUSION Our research contributes to delineating the field and identifying the characteristics of the most highly cited articles.It is noteworthy that there is a significantly smaller number of clinical trials included compared to guidelines,indicating potential areas for future high-quality clinical trials.展开更多
Resilience traits in pig populations allow animals to deal better with infectious disease and suboptimal production environments.The data on daily weight,feed intake and feed behaviors in pigs are collected in test pe...Resilience traits in pig populations allow animals to deal better with infectious disease and suboptimal production environments.The data on daily weight,feed intake and feed behaviors in pigs are collected in test period by automated feeding stations,which facilitate to evaluate the resilience traits.In this study,we adopted the root mean square error(RMSE)of ordinary least squares(OLS)and the negative residuals of quantile regression(QR)to generate four different novel resilience traits using daily records of feed intake and feed duration between 90 and 180 days of age in a population of commercial Duroc pigs.The genome-wide association studies(GWAS)based on single-and two-trait mixed models were carried out on 550 pigs using 48,603 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to identify genomic regions associated with resilience traits in growing pigs.We further focused on the GWAS signals to conduct gene annotation,colocalization with multi-tissue eQTL summary statistics of PigGTEx project and identification of enhancers and promoters using the publicly available data.The genomic heritabilities of four novel resilience traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.41.The pairwise genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.95 and from 0.05 to 0.36,respectively.Twenty-seven SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with these resilience traits.They were distributed on nine chromosomes(SSC1,SSC2,SSC6,SSC7,SSC8,SSC12,SSC14,SSC16 and SSC17).After annotation,39 QTLs and 49 candidate genes were identified.Several of these are functionally relevant candidate genes including OTUD4,TIFA and CARD14,which are involved in the host immune response,disease susceptibility and signal transduction.Eight unique SNPs were found to be causal in both GWAS and eQTL analyses across 15 tissues.Notably,one SNP(rs80794541)was associated with eQTLs identified concurrently across seven tissues/cell types,including the macrophage cell type.Furthermore,four significant SNPs(rs81467127,rs81356029,rs80794541 and rs81305085)were linked to the function of the primed enhancer,active element,and poised promoter in five pig tissues.Using the porcine fibroblast HiC dataset,SNP(rs81356029)on SSC2 regulates the CARNS1 and SSH3,while SNP(rs80794541)on SSC7 regulates the H2AC6.In this study,we generated four novel resilience traits and identified SNPs significantly associated with these resilience traits in a Duroc pig population.GWAS signals were associated with candidate genes involving in the immune traits,and were linked to the crucial regulatory elements as well.Our findings will contribute to elucidating the genetic mechanism that can enhance genome-enabled breeding and inform further research on resilience in domestic pigs.展开更多
Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America....Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.展开更多
Professor Paul Crosthwaite,from the School of Literature,Languages,and Cultures at the University of Edinburgh,is a prominent scholar in the interdisciplinary field of literature and economics.He is a co-editor of the...Professor Paul Crosthwaite,from the School of Literature,Languages,and Cultures at the University of Edinburgh,is a prominent scholar in the interdisciplinary field of literature and economics.He is a co-editor of the Palgrave Studies in Literature,Culture,and Economics series and The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Economics(2022).In recent years,he has significantly influenced the intersection of literature and economics,advocating particularly for a shift towards the Economic Humanities.This interview covers:1.The definition and theoretical origin of the Economic Humanities;2.The internal heterogeneity and critical limitations of the New Economic Criticism,and the theoretical advantages and potential development of the Economic Humanities;3.What research paradigms do Environmental Humanities,Medical Humanities,and Digital Humanities provide for the Economic Humanities;4.How literary researchers can work at the interface of the Economic Humanities research.As a novel interdisciplinary interface between literature and economics,Professor Paul Crosthwaite’s concept of the Economic Humanities not only pioneers methodological tools for interdisciplinary studies of literature and economics but also underscores the interpretative potential and disciplinary benefits of literary viewpoints on economics.This underscores the vital role of literature in human knowledge,meriting attention from the literary research academia.展开更多
Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framin...Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framingham Heart Study(FHS)is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study,starting in 1948.展开更多
Tick studies in Malaysia have experienced a dynamic evolution characterized by periods of growth,stagnation,and the potential for revival.Beginning during the colonial era in the early 1900s,tick studies were primaril...Tick studies in Malaysia have experienced a dynamic evolution characterized by periods of growth,stagnation,and the potential for revival.Beginning during the colonial era in the early 1900s,tick studies were primarily conducted by European scientists and curators,establishing the foundation for tick taxonomy in the region.Pioneering works by George Henry Falknier Nuttall and Cecil Warburton introduced several new tick species,including Haemaphysalis(H.)calva,H.mjoebergi,H.vidua and H.wellingtoni[1].However,some records from this period are now considered doubtful,for instance Amblyomma(A.)breviscutatum,A.clypeolatum and A.integrum.The 1929 description of Ornithodoros batuensis by Stanley Hirst[2]marked the first documentation of a soft tick species in Malaysia,setting the stage for subsequent research endeavours.The Golden Age of tick studies(early 1950s-late 1980s)in Malaysia saw a surge in tick research activities.展开更多
Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digi...Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries.Methods:We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts:the Health and Retirement Study(HRS),the English Longitudinal Study of Aging(ELSA),the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE),the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the Mexican Health and Aging Study(MHAS).These cohorts consisted of nationwide samples from 24 countries.Digital exclusion was defined as the self-reported lack of access to the internet.Depressive symptoms were assessed using comparable scales across all cohorts.We used generalized estimating equation models,fitting a Poisson model,to investigate the association between the digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.We adjusted for the causal directed acyclic graph(DAG)minimal sufficient adjustment set(MSAS),which includes gender,age,retirement status,education,household wealth,social activities,and weekly contact with their children.Results:During the study period(2010–2018),122,242 participants underwent up to 5 rounds of follow-up.Digital exclusion varied greatly across countries,ranging from 21.1%in Denmark to 96.9%in China.The crude model revealed a significant association between digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.This association remained statistically significant in the MSAS-adjusted model across all cohorts:HRS[incidence rate ratio(IRR),1.37;95% confidence interval(CI),1.28 to 1.47],ELSA(IRR,1.32;95%CI,1.23 to 1.41),SHARE(IRR,1.30;95%CI,1.27 to 1.33),CHARLS(IRR,1.62;95%CI,1.38 to 1.91),and MHAS(IRR,1.31;95%CI,1.26 to 1.37);all Ps<0.001.Notably,this association was consistently stronger in individuals living in lower wealth quintile households across all 5 cohorts and among those who do not regularly interact with their children,except for ELSA.Conclusions:Digital exclusion is globally widespread among older adults.Older individuals who are digitally excluded are at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms,particularly those with limited communication with their offspring and individuals living in lower wealth quintile households.Prioritizing the provision of internet access to older populations may help reduce the risks of depression symptoms,especially among vulnerable groups with limited familial support and with lower income.展开更多
The hybridity of words in literary texts and the multiplicity of theoretical discourse fundamentally determine the cross-cultural attributes of literary studies.This feature holds significant value for understanding d...The hybridity of words in literary texts and the multiplicity of theoretical discourse fundamentally determine the cross-cultural attributes of literary studies.This feature holds significant value for understanding different cultural traditions and presenting one’s cultural traits in a mutually contextualized manner.By analyzing the cross-cultural essence of literary studies with a focus on word transformation and critical discourse and also emphasizing that literary studies should fully consider the linguistic elements of literary texts,the theoretical origins of critical terminology,and the cultural stance of the researcher,it becomes possible to understand the important role of literary studies in humanistic academic knowledge production.展开更多
Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsist...Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.展开更多
Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.M...Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.Meanwhile,creativity imparts ceaseless vitality to this civilization,serving as the intrinsic propulsive force that fuels its evolution.The rise of Song Studies marks one of the symbolic events in the transformation in the Chinese ideological and cultural realm.It encapsulates the dialectical unity between continuity and creativity that characterizes Chinese civilization.Song Studies adhere to the traditional classic interpretations,center the core values around“benevolence,”and pursue the way of sages,which reflect the continuity of Chinese civilization.They also embody creativity.This is manifested in the emergence of a new academic spirit that emphasizes the seeking of truth and reason,a new academic ethos that involves questioning classics in the process of their dissemination and interpreting them with one’s own insight,as well as the fusion of philosophical speculation with social practice.Conducting an integrated analysis of the defining characteristics of Chinese civilization and the rise of Song Studies helps us gain a thorough understanding of the dialectical unity between the continuity and creativity of Chinese civilization through the interactions between history and reality.It also enables us to effectively address the relationship between inheritance and transformation,as well as between maintaining core values and pursuing creativity throughout its ongoing development.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold s...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.展开更多
Man-made superheavy elements(SHE)are produced as energetic recoils in complete-fusion reactions and need to be thermalized in a gas-filled chamber for chemical studies.The ever-shorter half-lives and decreasing produc...Man-made superheavy elements(SHE)are produced as energetic recoils in complete-fusion reactions and need to be thermalized in a gas-filled chamber for chemical studies.The ever-shorter half-lives and decreasing production rates of the elements beyond Fl(atomic number Z=114)-the heaviest element chemically studied today-require the development of novel techniques for quantitative thermalization and fast extraction efficiency.The Universal high-density gas stopping Cell(UniCell),currently under construction,was proposed to achieve this.Within this work,we propose an Ion Transfer by Gas Flow(ITGF)device,which serves as a UniCell ejector to interface with a gas chromatography detector array for chemical studies.Detailed parameter optimizations,using gas dynamics and Monte Carlo ion-trajectory simulations,promise fast(within a few ms)and highly efficient(up to 100%)ion extraction across a wide mass range.These ions can then be transmitted quantitatively through the ITGF into the high-pressure environment needed for further chemical studies.展开更多
Exercise is established as a supportive care intervention during and after various cancer treatment modalities.1,2 Documented benefits include improvements in health-related fitness,physical functioning,some symptoms/...Exercise is established as a supportive care intervention during and after various cancer treatment modalities.1,2 Documented benefits include improvements in health-related fitness,physical functioning,some symptoms/side effects,psychosocial functioning,and quality of life.1,2 Exercise has not been established,however,as a treatment for any type of cancer in any clinical oncology setting.2 This special topic of the Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)is dedicated to research on“Exercise as a cancer treatment”.The special topic sought preclinical,observational,or clinical studies examining the effects of exercise after a cancer diagnosis on a cancer outcome(e.g.,cell/tumor growth,tumor response,disease recurrence,progression,death from cancer).It includes 6 original articles and an invited opinion article.展开更多
Plasma electrolytic oxidation is a well-known technique for surface modification of biomedical magnesium alloys,with good corrosion protection and the ability to produce biocompatible and bioactive coatings.In this st...Plasma electrolytic oxidation is a well-known technique for surface modification of biomedical magnesium alloys,with good corrosion protection and the ability to produce biocompatible and bioactive coatings.In this study,calcium-phosphate coatings were produced on WE43 magnesium alloy for use,as orthopedic implants.Coating formation was prepared using different oxidation parameters with various duty ratios(DR)of 15,25 and 50%and current ratios(R)-2 or 1.6.Application of R with excess cathodic current(R>1)in processes with DR≥25%allowed attaining the soft-sparking regime(SSR)that resulted in thicker oxide coatings with higher degree of crystallinity compared to the films obtained without SSR.The results of the corrosion tests contributed to a noticeable improvement in the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy.Optimization of the oxidation parameters allowed the selection of the variants with the most favorable degradation behavior over the tested immersion period,indicating a successful modification of the magnesium alloy surface to obtain an implant biomaterial capable of providing controlled degradation.Furthermore,biological evaluation of the produced coatings showed that the proposed surface modifications significantly reduced the cytotoxic effects observed in direct contact with the material while still maintaining the cell proliferation-promoting effects of the material eluents.展开更多
Background:Foreign Language Anxiety(FLA)represents a substantial affective barrier that undermines cognitive performance,motivation,and retention in language learners.Emerging evidence highlights mindfulness-based int...Background:Foreign Language Anxiety(FLA)represents a substantial affective barrier that undermines cognitive performance,motivation,and retention in language learners.Emerging evidence highlights mindfulness-based interventions as promising strategies for enhancing emotional regulation and reducing anxiety across educational contexts.This review synthesizes current research on mindfulness as a psychological intervention,aims to evaluate its efficacy in alleviating FLA,and discusses its broader implications for health-focused educational policy and practice.Methods:Following PRISMA guidelines,we systematically reviewed studies examining the relationships between mindfulness and FLA.Our search of four major databases(November 2023)initially identified 346 articles using terms like“mindfulness AND language anxiety.”After screening,14 studies met our criteria:(1)empirical research in English on mindfulness-FLA relationships;(2)no publication date restrictions.Two independent reviewers selected studies,excluding two due to methodological limitations.We conducted a narrative synthesis given the study heterogeneity(9 correlational and 5 intervention studies).Results:9 non-intervention studies demonstrated that mindfulness is negatively associated with FLA,with 3 studies highlighting the mediating roles of self-efficacy and resilience.5 intervention studies reported inconsistent results regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing FLA.Conclusions:The findings suggest that while mindfulness holds promise as a tool to address FLA,its mechanisms and effectiveness require further investigation.This study underscores the need for rigorous research,including Randomized Controlled Trials(RCTs),to inform evidence-based integration of mindfulness into foreign language curricula.For educational policymakers and practitioners,these insights highlight the importance of adopting mindfulness interventions cautiously,ensuring they are tailored to students’needs and supported by evidence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass(OAGB)has grown in popularity in recent years for the treatment of morbid obesity.Despite routine practice,the utility of early postoperative upper gastrointestina...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass(OAGB)has grown in popularity in recent years for the treatment of morbid obesity.Despite routine practice,the utility of early postoperative upper gastrointestinal(UGI)swallow studies to detect complications following OAGB has been questioned.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of performing routine UGI studies on the first postoperative day(POD)after OAGB.METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively collected database was conducted to identify all consecutive patients who underwent OAGB between January 2019 and July 2022.Patient demographics,operative data,and postoperative complication rates were analyzed.Reports from all imaging studies were retrospectively reviewed,and complications were recorded.The institutional review board waived the requirement for informed consent.RESULTS A total of 385 patients were included.All patients had an iodine-based contrast swallow study on the first POD.Abnormal findings were observed in 4 patients(1%),none of which were correlated with postoperative complications.Two patients(0.5%)required reoperation due to complications although both had normal UGI study results.Sensitivity and positive predictive value of UGI studies for detecting complications were 0%,while specificity and negative predictive value were 99%and 98%,respectively.Based on hospital charges the overall cost of all the UGI swallow studies performed in our study was 95865 USD.CONCLUSION The study findings showed that performing routine UGI swallow studies on the first POD after laparoscopic OAGB is ineffective in detecting complications and is not cost effective.Normal UGI studies might mislead clinicians in the postoperative period and thus should be omitted in favor of close clinical monitoring.展开更多
Layered rock masses represent complex geological formations commonly encountered in the surrounding rock of deep engineering excavations(Hou et al.,2019;Xu et al.,2017;Yang C H et al.,2009;Xian and Tan,1989).These roc...Layered rock masses represent complex geological formations commonly encountered in the surrounding rock of deep engineering excavations(Hou et al.,2019;Xu et al.,2017;Yang C H et al.,2009;Xian and Tan,1989).These rock masses are predominantly composed of sedimentary,para-metamorphic,and volcanic rock types,characterized by a set of prominent,primary bedding structural planes(layers)exhibiting relatively consistent orientations and significant spatial continuity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293692,22502164,92472203,22222903,52271229,22472074,22272069,22361132532,and 22021001)+6 种基金the Industry-University-Research Joint Innovation Project of Fujian Province(2023H6029)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502063)the Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(Grant No.2024-05)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF 2401)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240897the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770016).
文摘Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.
文摘Objectives:In recent years,mental health has emerged as a pressing public health concern in China,driven by mounting societal pressures and fast-paced urban lifestyles.Physical activity,a well-established means of enhancing psychological well-being,has received growing scholarly and policy attention.This study uses panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to examine the impact of exercise frequency on mental health(with indicators such as CESD-8 depression scores)among college students and young employees,thereby providing empirical support for targeted mental health interventions.Methods:This study examines the relationship between individual exercise frequency and mental health among college students and young employees,using panel data from the 2020 and 2022 waves of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),with the Chinese version of the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CESD-8)depression scores,self-rated health,and life satisfaction as outcome variables.Specifically,this study tests three hypotheses:(H1)increased exercise frequency significantly reduces depression symptoms and enhances well-being;(H2)the effects of exercise vary by social roles,with stronger mental health benefits among employed individuals and those with lower education;and(H3)lifestyle factors such as smoking amount,sleep duration,and Body Mass Index(BMI)partially mediate the relationship between exercise and mental health.Employing a two-way fixed effects model,baseline results indicate that a one-unit increase in exercise frequency significantly reduces the CESD-8 score by 0.183 points.To address potential endogeneity and spurious regression concerns,an instrumental variable(IV)approach is further applied.The heterogeneity analysis differentiates between students and employed individuals.Results:Among students,the effects of exercise on mental health are not statistically significant,regardless of education level.In contrast,for the employed,exercise demonstrates a significant positive impact on mental health,with particularly pronounced effects among those with lower educational attainment.These findings underscore the importance of promoting exercise as part of comprehensive mental health strategies.Mediation analysis indicates that the beneficial effect of exercise on mental health is partially transmitted through reductions in adverse health behaviors,especially smoking.Conclusions:Policymakers should integrate physical activity promotion into health interventions,prioritizing vulnerable groups to enhance psychological resilience and foster inclusive,health-oriented development.
基金National Key Project of Research and Development Program of China[2021YFC2500404].
文摘Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a major global healthchallenge, ranking as the sixth most common andthird most fatal malignancy worldwide, according toGLOBOCAN 2022 estimates[1]. This high mortalityrate underscores the aggressive nature of thedisease and the significant burden it places on globalhealthcare systems. Although primary preventionremains the cornerstone of liver cancer control,improving outcomes for patients already diagnosedis equally critical for mitigating the impact of thedisease.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.A great many of studies on gastrointestinal endoscopy have been done.AIM To analyze the characteristics of top 100 cited articles on gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS A bibliometric analysis was conducted.The publications and their features were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection,Science Citation Index-Expanded database.Excel,Web of Science database and SPSS software were used to perform the statistical description and analysis.VOSviewer software and Map-Chart were responsible for the visualizations.RESULTS The top 100 cited articles were published between 1976 and 2022.The guidelines(52%)and clinical trials(37%)are the main article types,and average publication year of the guidelines is much later than that of the clinical trials(2015 vs 1998).Among the clinical trials,diagnostic study(27.0%),cohort study(21.6%),case series(13.5%)and cross-sectional study(10.8%)account for a large proportion.Average citations of different study types and designs of the enrolled studies are of no significant differences.Most of the 100 articles were published by European authors and recorded by the endoscopic journals(65%).Top journals in medicine,such as the Lancet,New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA,also reported studies in this field.The hot spots of involved diseases include neoplasm or cancer-related diseases,inflammatory diseases,obstructive diseases,gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ulcer.Endoscopic surgery,endoscopic therapy and stent placement are frequently studied.CONCLUSION Our research contributes to delineating the field and identifying the characteristics of the most highly cited articles.It is noteworthy that there is a significantly smaller number of clinical trials included compared to guidelines,indicating potential areas for future high-quality clinical trials.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000100 and 2021YFD1301102)the National Natural Science Foundations of China(32172702)the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS02).
文摘Resilience traits in pig populations allow animals to deal better with infectious disease and suboptimal production environments.The data on daily weight,feed intake and feed behaviors in pigs are collected in test period by automated feeding stations,which facilitate to evaluate the resilience traits.In this study,we adopted the root mean square error(RMSE)of ordinary least squares(OLS)and the negative residuals of quantile regression(QR)to generate four different novel resilience traits using daily records of feed intake and feed duration between 90 and 180 days of age in a population of commercial Duroc pigs.The genome-wide association studies(GWAS)based on single-and two-trait mixed models were carried out on 550 pigs using 48,603 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)to identify genomic regions associated with resilience traits in growing pigs.We further focused on the GWAS signals to conduct gene annotation,colocalization with multi-tissue eQTL summary statistics of PigGTEx project and identification of enhancers and promoters using the publicly available data.The genomic heritabilities of four novel resilience traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.41.The pairwise genetic and phenotypic correlations ranged from 0.16 to 0.95 and from 0.05 to 0.36,respectively.Twenty-seven SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with these resilience traits.They were distributed on nine chromosomes(SSC1,SSC2,SSC6,SSC7,SSC8,SSC12,SSC14,SSC16 and SSC17).After annotation,39 QTLs and 49 candidate genes were identified.Several of these are functionally relevant candidate genes including OTUD4,TIFA and CARD14,which are involved in the host immune response,disease susceptibility and signal transduction.Eight unique SNPs were found to be causal in both GWAS and eQTL analyses across 15 tissues.Notably,one SNP(rs80794541)was associated with eQTLs identified concurrently across seven tissues/cell types,including the macrophage cell type.Furthermore,four significant SNPs(rs81467127,rs81356029,rs80794541 and rs81305085)were linked to the function of the primed enhancer,active element,and poised promoter in five pig tissues.Using the porcine fibroblast HiC dataset,SNP(rs81356029)on SSC2 regulates the CARNS1 and SSH3,while SNP(rs80794541)on SSC7 regulates the H2AC6.In this study,we generated four novel resilience traits and identified SNPs significantly associated with these resilience traits in a Duroc pig population.GWAS signals were associated with candidate genes involving in the immune traits,and were linked to the crucial regulatory elements as well.Our findings will contribute to elucidating the genetic mechanism that can enhance genome-enabled breeding and inform further research on resilience in domestic pigs.
基金“Cyborg Narratives and the Construction of 21^(st)Century Science Fiction Poetics”(22BZW175)sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China。
文摘Joanna Page is Director of CRASSH and Professor of Latin American Studies at the University of Cambridge.Her research interests are generally connected to the relationship between science and culture in Latin America.She has also worked on questions of memory,modernity,capitalism,posthumanism,new materialism,decoloniality,ecology,and environmental thought.This interview covers three main aspects:the characteristics of science fiction texts in Latin America,the interdisciplinary research models at the intersection of science,literature,and art,and Latin America as a field of regional studies.Professor Page starts with Argentine science fiction novels and expands the discussion to include graphic novels in Latin America,outlining the panorama of science fiction and its indigenous features.The conversation delves into the literary and technological relationships within Latin American science fiction texts.Building upon this foundation,this interview explores the interdisciplinary research paradigms concerning the relationship between science and culture,aiming to contribute to regional studies by exploring new pathways for interdisciplinary,cross-regional,and trans-media research.
文摘Professor Paul Crosthwaite,from the School of Literature,Languages,and Cultures at the University of Edinburgh,is a prominent scholar in the interdisciplinary field of literature and economics.He is a co-editor of the Palgrave Studies in Literature,Culture,and Economics series and The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Economics(2022).In recent years,he has significantly influenced the intersection of literature and economics,advocating particularly for a shift towards the Economic Humanities.This interview covers:1.The definition and theoretical origin of the Economic Humanities;2.The internal heterogeneity and critical limitations of the New Economic Criticism,and the theoretical advantages and potential development of the Economic Humanities;3.What research paradigms do Environmental Humanities,Medical Humanities,and Digital Humanities provide for the Economic Humanities;4.How literary researchers can work at the interface of the Economic Humanities research.As a novel interdisciplinary interface between literature and economics,Professor Paul Crosthwaite’s concept of the Economic Humanities not only pioneers methodological tools for interdisciplinary studies of literature and economics but also underscores the interpretative potential and disciplinary benefits of literary viewpoints on economics.This underscores the vital role of literature in human knowledge,meriting attention from the literary research academia.
文摘Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framingham Heart Study(FHS)is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study,starting in 1948.
基金supported by the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE)program(MO002-2019&TIDREC-2023)funded by the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine,Hamburg,Germany[100-TNCPI/INT 16/6/2(005/2020)].
文摘Tick studies in Malaysia have experienced a dynamic evolution characterized by periods of growth,stagnation,and the potential for revival.Beginning during the colonial era in the early 1900s,tick studies were primarily conducted by European scientists and curators,establishing the foundation for tick taxonomy in the region.Pioneering works by George Henry Falknier Nuttall and Cecil Warburton introduced several new tick species,including Haemaphysalis(H.)calva,H.mjoebergi,H.vidua and H.wellingtoni[1].However,some records from this period are now considered doubtful,for instance Amblyomma(A.)breviscutatum,A.clypeolatum and A.integrum.The 1929 description of Ornithodoros batuensis by Stanley Hirst[2]marked the first documentation of a soft tick species in Malaysia,setting the stage for subsequent research endeavours.The Golden Age of tick studies(early 1950s-late 1980s)in Malaysia saw a surge in tick research activities.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3606400 and 2023YFB4603200)Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(23&ZD188)National Natural Science Foundation of China(72374013).
文摘Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries.Methods:We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts:the Health and Retirement Study(HRS),the English Longitudinal Study of Aging(ELSA),the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE),the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the Mexican Health and Aging Study(MHAS).These cohorts consisted of nationwide samples from 24 countries.Digital exclusion was defined as the self-reported lack of access to the internet.Depressive symptoms were assessed using comparable scales across all cohorts.We used generalized estimating equation models,fitting a Poisson model,to investigate the association between the digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.We adjusted for the causal directed acyclic graph(DAG)minimal sufficient adjustment set(MSAS),which includes gender,age,retirement status,education,household wealth,social activities,and weekly contact with their children.Results:During the study period(2010–2018),122,242 participants underwent up to 5 rounds of follow-up.Digital exclusion varied greatly across countries,ranging from 21.1%in Denmark to 96.9%in China.The crude model revealed a significant association between digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.This association remained statistically significant in the MSAS-adjusted model across all cohorts:HRS[incidence rate ratio(IRR),1.37;95% confidence interval(CI),1.28 to 1.47],ELSA(IRR,1.32;95%CI,1.23 to 1.41),SHARE(IRR,1.30;95%CI,1.27 to 1.33),CHARLS(IRR,1.62;95%CI,1.38 to 1.91),and MHAS(IRR,1.31;95%CI,1.26 to 1.37);all Ps<0.001.Notably,this association was consistently stronger in individuals living in lower wealth quintile households across all 5 cohorts and among those who do not regularly interact with their children,except for ELSA.Conclusions:Digital exclusion is globally widespread among older adults.Older individuals who are digitally excluded are at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms,particularly those with limited communication with their offspring and individuals living in lower wealth quintile households.Prioritizing the provision of internet access to older populations may help reduce the risks of depression symptoms,especially among vulnerable groups with limited familial support and with lower income.
文摘The hybridity of words in literary texts and the multiplicity of theoretical discourse fundamentally determine the cross-cultural attributes of literary studies.This feature holds significant value for understanding different cultural traditions and presenting one’s cultural traits in a mutually contextualized manner.By analyzing the cross-cultural essence of literary studies with a focus on word transformation and critical discourse and also emphasizing that literary studies should fully consider the linguistic elements of literary texts,the theoretical origins of critical terminology,and the cultural stance of the researcher,it becomes possible to understand the important role of literary studies in humanistic academic knowledge production.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662).
文摘Objective Observational studies have found associations between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and the risk of dementia,including Alzheimer’s dementia(AD)and vascular dementia(VD);however,these findings are inconsistent.It remains unclear whether these associations are causal.Methods We conducted a meta-analysis by systematically searching for observational studies on the association between IBD and dementia.Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on summary genome-wide association studies(GWASs)was performed.Genetic correlation and Bayesian colocalization analyses were used to provide robust genetic evidence.Results Ten observational studies involving 80,565,688 participants were included in this metaanalysis.IBD was significantly associated with dementia(risk ratio[RR]=1.36,95%CI=1.04-1.78;I2=84.8%)and VD(RR=2.60,95%CI=1.18-5.70;only one study),but not with AD(RR=2.00,95%CI=0.96-4.13;I^(2)=99.8%).MR analyses did not supported significant causal associations of IBD with dementia(dementia:odds ratio[OR]=1.01,95%CI=0.98-1.03;AD:OR=0.98,95%CI=0.95-1.01;VD:OR=1.02,95%CI=0.97-1.07).In addition,genetic correlation and co-localization analyses did not reveal any genetic associations between IBD and dementia.Conclusion Our study did not provide genetic evidence for a causal association between IBD and dementia risk.The increased risk of dementia observed in observational studies may be attributed to unobserved confounding factors or detection bias.
基金a phased achievement of the“Research on Chinese Confucian Orthodoxy”(Project No.:17ZDA010),a major project of the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘Continuity is the foremost defining characteristic of Chinese civilization.It ensures that the evolution of this civilization respects the fine traditions and stays on the right course throughout its creative course.Meanwhile,creativity imparts ceaseless vitality to this civilization,serving as the intrinsic propulsive force that fuels its evolution.The rise of Song Studies marks one of the symbolic events in the transformation in the Chinese ideological and cultural realm.It encapsulates the dialectical unity between continuity and creativity that characterizes Chinese civilization.Song Studies adhere to the traditional classic interpretations,center the core values around“benevolence,”and pursue the way of sages,which reflect the continuity of Chinese civilization.They also embody creativity.This is manifested in the emergence of a new academic spirit that emphasizes the seeking of truth and reason,a new academic ethos that involves questioning classics in the process of their dissemination and interpreting them with one’s own insight,as well as the fusion of philosophical speculation with social practice.Conducting an integrated analysis of the defining characteristics of Chinese civilization and the rise of Song Studies helps us gain a thorough understanding of the dialectical unity between the continuity and creativity of Chinese civilization through the interactions between history and reality.It also enables us to effectively address the relationship between inheritance and transformation,as well as between maintaining core values and pursuing creativity throughout its ongoing development.
基金supported by a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie(Grant agreement No.101028929)supported by an Investigator Grant from the Medical Research Future Fund(MRF1193862)supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.
基金This work was supported by the German BMBF (No.05P21UMFN2)
文摘Man-made superheavy elements(SHE)are produced as energetic recoils in complete-fusion reactions and need to be thermalized in a gas-filled chamber for chemical studies.The ever-shorter half-lives and decreasing production rates of the elements beyond Fl(atomic number Z=114)-the heaviest element chemically studied today-require the development of novel techniques for quantitative thermalization and fast extraction efficiency.The Universal high-density gas stopping Cell(UniCell),currently under construction,was proposed to achieve this.Within this work,we propose an Ion Transfer by Gas Flow(ITGF)device,which serves as a UniCell ejector to interface with a gas chromatography detector array for chemical studies.Detailed parameter optimizations,using gas dynamics and Monte Carlo ion-trajectory simulations,promise fast(within a few ms)and highly efficient(up to 100%)ion extraction across a wide mass range.These ions can then be transmitted quantitatively through the ITGF into the high-pressure environment needed for further chemical studies.
基金supported by the Canada Research Chairs Programa Foundation Grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (No. 159927)
文摘Exercise is established as a supportive care intervention during and after various cancer treatment modalities.1,2 Documented benefits include improvements in health-related fitness,physical functioning,some symptoms/side effects,psychosocial functioning,and quality of life.1,2 Exercise has not been established,however,as a treatment for any type of cancer in any clinical oncology setting.2 This special topic of the Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS)is dedicated to research on“Exercise as a cancer treatment”.The special topic sought preclinical,observational,or clinical studies examining the effects of exercise after a cancer diagnosis on a cancer outcome(e.g.,cell/tumor growth,tumor response,disease recurrence,progression,death from cancer).It includes 6 original articles and an invited opinion article.
基金funded by Silesian University of Technology,no.07/020/BKM24/0104.
文摘Plasma electrolytic oxidation is a well-known technique for surface modification of biomedical magnesium alloys,with good corrosion protection and the ability to produce biocompatible and bioactive coatings.In this study,calcium-phosphate coatings were produced on WE43 magnesium alloy for use,as orthopedic implants.Coating formation was prepared using different oxidation parameters with various duty ratios(DR)of 15,25 and 50%and current ratios(R)-2 or 1.6.Application of R with excess cathodic current(R>1)in processes with DR≥25%allowed attaining the soft-sparking regime(SSR)that resulted in thicker oxide coatings with higher degree of crystallinity compared to the films obtained without SSR.The results of the corrosion tests contributed to a noticeable improvement in the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy.Optimization of the oxidation parameters allowed the selection of the variants with the most favorable degradation behavior over the tested immersion period,indicating a successful modification of the magnesium alloy surface to obtain an implant biomaterial capable of providing controlled degradation.Furthermore,biological evaluation of the produced coatings showed that the proposed surface modifications significantly reduced the cytotoxic effects observed in direct contact with the material while still maintaining the cell proliferation-promoting effects of the material eluents.
文摘Background:Foreign Language Anxiety(FLA)represents a substantial affective barrier that undermines cognitive performance,motivation,and retention in language learners.Emerging evidence highlights mindfulness-based interventions as promising strategies for enhancing emotional regulation and reducing anxiety across educational contexts.This review synthesizes current research on mindfulness as a psychological intervention,aims to evaluate its efficacy in alleviating FLA,and discusses its broader implications for health-focused educational policy and practice.Methods:Following PRISMA guidelines,we systematically reviewed studies examining the relationships between mindfulness and FLA.Our search of four major databases(November 2023)initially identified 346 articles using terms like“mindfulness AND language anxiety.”After screening,14 studies met our criteria:(1)empirical research in English on mindfulness-FLA relationships;(2)no publication date restrictions.Two independent reviewers selected studies,excluding two due to methodological limitations.We conducted a narrative synthesis given the study heterogeneity(9 correlational and 5 intervention studies).Results:9 non-intervention studies demonstrated that mindfulness is negatively associated with FLA,with 3 studies highlighting the mediating roles of self-efficacy and resilience.5 intervention studies reported inconsistent results regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing FLA.Conclusions:The findings suggest that while mindfulness holds promise as a tool to address FLA,its mechanisms and effectiveness require further investigation.This study underscores the need for rigorous research,including Randomized Controlled Trials(RCTs),to inform evidence-based integration of mindfulness into foreign language curricula.For educational policymakers and practitioners,these insights highlight the importance of adopting mindfulness interventions cautiously,ensuring they are tailored to students’needs and supported by evidence.
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass(OAGB)has grown in popularity in recent years for the treatment of morbid obesity.Despite routine practice,the utility of early postoperative upper gastrointestinal(UGI)swallow studies to detect complications following OAGB has been questioned.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of performing routine UGI studies on the first postoperative day(POD)after OAGB.METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of a prospectively collected database was conducted to identify all consecutive patients who underwent OAGB between January 2019 and July 2022.Patient demographics,operative data,and postoperative complication rates were analyzed.Reports from all imaging studies were retrospectively reviewed,and complications were recorded.The institutional review board waived the requirement for informed consent.RESULTS A total of 385 patients were included.All patients had an iodine-based contrast swallow study on the first POD.Abnormal findings were observed in 4 patients(1%),none of which were correlated with postoperative complications.Two patients(0.5%)required reoperation due to complications although both had normal UGI study results.Sensitivity and positive predictive value of UGI studies for detecting complications were 0%,while specificity and negative predictive value were 99%and 98%,respectively.Based on hospital charges the overall cost of all the UGI swallow studies performed in our study was 95865 USD.CONCLUSION The study findings showed that performing routine UGI swallow studies on the first POD after laparoscopic OAGB is ineffective in detecting complications and is not cost effective.Normal UGI studies might mislead clinicians in the postoperative period and thus should be omitted in favor of close clinical monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42107211 and U23A20651)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2025ZNSFSC0097)。
文摘Layered rock masses represent complex geological formations commonly encountered in the surrounding rock of deep engineering excavations(Hou et al.,2019;Xu et al.,2017;Yang C H et al.,2009;Xian and Tan,1989).These rock masses are predominantly composed of sedimentary,para-metamorphic,and volcanic rock types,characterized by a set of prominent,primary bedding structural planes(layers)exhibiting relatively consistent orientations and significant spatial continuity.
