The accuracy of center height detection for corrugated beam guardrails is significantly affected by robot posture in the mobile highway guardrail detection systems based on structured light vision.To address the probl...The accuracy of center height detection for corrugated beam guardrails is significantly affected by robot posture in the mobile highway guardrail detection systems based on structured light vision.To address the problem,this paper proposes an integrated calibration method for structured light vision sensors.In the proposed system,the sensor is mounted on a crawler-type mobile robot,which scans and measures the center height of guardrails while in motion.However,due to external disturbances such as uneven road surfaces and vehicle vibrations,the posture of the robot may deviate,causing displacement of the sensor platform and resulting in spatial 3D measurement errors.To overcome this issue,the system integrates inertial measurement unit(IMU)data into the sensor calibration process,enabling realtime correction of posture deviations through sensor fusion.This approach achieves a unified calibration of the structured light vision system,effectively compensates for posture-induced errors,and enhances detection accuracy.A prototype was developed and tested in both laboratory and real highway environments.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate center height detection of guardrails under complex road conditions,significantly reduces posture-related measurement errors,and greatly improves the efficiency and reliability of traditional detection methods.展开更多
Enterprise applications utilize relational databases and structured business processes, requiring slow and expensive conversion of inputs and outputs, from business documents such as invoices, purchase orders, and rec...Enterprise applications utilize relational databases and structured business processes, requiring slow and expensive conversion of inputs and outputs, from business documents such as invoices, purchase orders, and receipts, into known templates and schemas before processing. We propose a new LLM Agent-based intelligent data extraction, transformation, and load (IntelligentETL) pipeline that not only ingests PDFs and detects inputs within it but also addresses the extraction of structured and unstructured data by developing tools that most efficiently and securely deal with respective data types. We study the efficiency of our proposed pipeline and compare it with enterprise solutions that also utilize LLMs. We establish the supremacy in timely and accurate data extraction and transformation capabilities of our approach for analyzing the data from varied sources based on nested and/or interlinked input constraints.展开更多
The autonomous landing guidance of fixed-wing aircraft in unknown structured scenes presents a substantial technological challenge,particularly regarding the effectiveness of solutions for monocular visual relative po...The autonomous landing guidance of fixed-wing aircraft in unknown structured scenes presents a substantial technological challenge,particularly regarding the effectiveness of solutions for monocular visual relative pose estimation.This study proposes a novel airborne monocular visual estimation method based on structured scene features to address this challenge.First,a multitask neural network model is established for segmentation,depth estimation,and slope estimation on monocular images.And a monocular image comprehensive three-dimensional information metric is designed,encompassing length,span,flatness,and slope information.Subsequently,structured edge features are leveraged to filter candidate landing regions adaptively.By leveraging the three-dimensional information metric,the optimal landing region is accurately and efficiently identified.Finally,sparse two-dimensional key point is used to parameterize the optimal landing region for the first time and a high-precision relative pose estimation is achieved.Additional measurement information is introduced to provide the autonomous landing guidance information between the aircraft and the optimal landing region.Experimental results obtained from both synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in monocular pose estimation for autonomous aircraft landing guidance in unknown structured scenes.展开更多
Maintaining the s-polarization state of laser beams is important to achieve high modulation depth in a laser-interference-based super-resolution structured illumination microscope(SR-SIM).However,the imperfect optical...Maintaining the s-polarization state of laser beams is important to achieve high modulation depth in a laser-interference-based super-resolution structured illumination microscope(SR-SIM).However,the imperfect optical components can depolarize the laser beams hence degenerating the modulation depth.Here,we first presented a direct measurement method designed to estimate the modulation depth more precisely by shifting illumination patterns with equal phase steps.This measurement method greatly reduces the dependence of modulation depths on the samples,and then developed a polarization optimization method to achieve high modulation depth at all orientations by actively and quantitatively compensating for the additional phase difference using a combination of waveplate and a liquid crystal variable retarder(LCVR).Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve illumination patterns with modulation depth higher than 0.94 at three orientations with only one LCVR voltage,which enables isotropic resolution improvement.展开更多
The dissolution behaviors of lime,limestone,and core–shell structured lime,as well as their effects on dephosphorization behavior were studied.The results show that the slow dissolution of lime in converter slag is m...The dissolution behaviors of lime,limestone,and core–shell structured lime,as well as their effects on dephosphorization behavior were studied.The results show that the slow dissolution of lime in converter slag is mainly attributed to the calcium silicate layer at the lime/slag interface.CO_(2)generated by CaCO_(3)decomposition can destroy the calcium silicate layer,and thus accelerates the dissolution of limestone and core–shell structured lime.However,in the initial stage,a large amount of CO_(2)emission generated by limestone decomposition results in the poor contact between molten slag and limestone,and the dissolution rate is slower in the test of limestone than that of lime.For core–shell structured lime,the initial dissolution rate is not affected due to the lime surface,and is accelerated by the appropriate CO_(2)emission.Rapid CaO pickup in molten slag by fast dissolution of the lime sample can remarkably accelerate the dephosphorization reaction.Because of the fastest dissolution rate,the core–shell structured lime slagging mode shows the most promising prospects for the efficient dephosphorization.展开更多
Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM)relies heavily on post-processing reconstruction to obtain high-quality SR images from raw data.Although many SIM reconstruction algorithms have been develope...Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM)relies heavily on post-processing reconstruction to obtain high-quality SR images from raw data.Although many SIM reconstruction algorithms have been developed to recover fine cellular structures with high fidelity even from the noisy data,whether the pixel intensities of reconstructed SR images are still proportional to the original fluorescence intensity has been less explored.The linearity between the intensity before and after reconstruction is de fined as the intensity fidelity.Here,we proposed a method to evaluate the reconstructed SR image intensity fidelity at different spatial frequencies.With the proposed metric,we systematically investigated the impact of the key factors on the intensity fidelity in the standard Wiener-SIM reconstructions with simulated data,then evaluated the intensity fidelity of the SR images reconstructed by representative open-source packages.Our work provides a reference for SR-SIM image intensity fidelity improvement.展开更多
This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in magnetic structured triboelectric nanogenerators(MSTENGs)and their potential for energy harvesting and sensing in coastal bridge infrastructure.This paper ...This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in magnetic structured triboelectric nanogenerators(MSTENGs)and their potential for energy harvesting and sensing in coastal bridge infrastructure.This paper begins with a brief discussion on the fundamental physics modes of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),triboelectric series,and factors affecting TENG power generation and transmission,providing a foundation for the subsequent sections.The review focuses on the different types of MSTENGs and their applications in coastal infrastructure.Specifically,it covers magnetic spherical TENG networks,magnet-assisted TENGs,MSTENGs for bridges,and magnetic multilayer structures based on TENGs.The advantages and limitations of each type of MSTENG are discussed in detail,highlighting their respective suitability for different coastal bridge infrastructure applications.In addition,the paper addresses the challenges and provides insights into the future of MSTENGs.These include the need for improved durability and sustainability of MSTENGs in harsh coastal environments,increasing their power-output levels to fulfll high energy needs,and the requirement for collaborative efforts between academia,industry,and government institutions to optimize MSTENG performance.展开更多
We propose an all-optical,single-laser-pulse scheme for generating a dense relativistic strongly magnetized electron-positron pair plasma.The scheme involves the interaction of an extremely intense(I■10^(24) W/cm^(2)...We propose an all-optical,single-laser-pulse scheme for generating a dense relativistic strongly magnetized electron-positron pair plasma.The scheme involves the interaction of an extremely intense(I■10^(24) W/cm^(2))circularly polarized laser pulse with a solid-density target containing a conical cavity.Through full-scale three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that account for quantum electrodynamic effects,it is shown that this interaction results in two significant outcomes:first,the generation of quasi-static magnetic fields reaching tens of gigagauss,and,second,the production of large quantities of electron-positron pairs(up to 10^(13))via the Breit-Wheeler process.The e^(-)e^(+)plasma becomes trapped in the magnetic field and remains confined in a small volume for hundreds of femtoseconds,far exceeding the laser timescale.The dependence of pair plasma parameters,as well as the efficiency of plasma production and confinement,is discussed in relation to the properties of the laser pulse and the target.Realizing this scheme experimentally would enable the investigation of physical processes relevant to extreme astrophysical environments.展开更多
The structured low-rank model for parallel magnetic resonance(MR)imaging can efficiently reconstruct MR images with limited auto-calibration signals.To improve the reconstruction quality of MR images,we integrate the ...The structured low-rank model for parallel magnetic resonance(MR)imaging can efficiently reconstruct MR images with limited auto-calibration signals.To improve the reconstruction quality of MR images,we integrate the joint sparsity and sparsifying transform learning(JTL)into the simultaneous auto-calibrating and k-space estimation(SAKE)structured low-rank model,named JTLSAKE.The alternate direction method of multipliers is exploited to solve the resulting optimization problem,and the optimized gradient method is used to improve the convergence speed.In addition,a graphics processing unit is used to accelerate the proposed algorithm.The experimental results on four in vivo human datasets demonstrate that the reconstruction quality of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of JTL-based low-rank modeling of local k-space neighborhoods with parallel imaging(JTL-PLORAKS),and the proposed algorithm is 46 times faster than the JTL-PLORAKS,requiring only 4 s to reconstruct a 200×200 pixels MR image with 8 channels.展开更多
1.Introduction The strength-ductility trade-offdilemma has long been a per-sistent challenge in Al matrix composites(AMCs)[1,2].This is-sue primarily arises from the agglomeration of reinforcements at the grain bounda...1.Introduction The strength-ductility trade-offdilemma has long been a per-sistent challenge in Al matrix composites(AMCs)[1,2].This is-sue primarily arises from the agglomeration of reinforcements at the grain boundaries(GBs),which restricts local plastic flow dur-ing the plastic deformation and leads to stress concentration[3,4].Recently,the development of concepts aimed at achieving hetero-geneous grain has emerged as a promising approach for enhanc-ing comprehensive mechanical properties[5,6].展开更多
The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-...The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.展开更多
One-dimensional nanomaterials with hollow structures could provide large space for ion storage and charge accumulation.Herein,TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon nanotube composite(NT)materials were designed and fabricated by the...One-dimensional nanomaterials with hollow structures could provide large space for ion storage and charge accumulation.Herein,TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon nanotube composite(NT)materials were designed and fabricated by the template method and the chelation coordination reaction.The stability and conductivity were improved by the presence of titanium and hollow tubular-architecture carbon in the whole structure.As a result,the as-prepared TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon hybrid achieved a high-rate performance of 760.0 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(−1),while still obtaining stability after 300 charge/discharge cycles.The enhancement of the lithium storage capacity mainly contributed to the acceleration of the electron conductivity and the storage kinetics.Moreover,the hollow structure reduced the volume strain and stress caused by the rapid insertion and removal of lithium ions,which ensured the favorable stability of lithium storage.The experiment shows that the kinetic of the TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-carbon hybrid during the lithium storage process is dominated by the pseudocapacitance mechanism.This work provides a new idea and scheme for the design and preparation of hierarchical nanotube composite electrode materials.展开更多
Endowing stimuli-responsive materials with micro-nano structures is an intriguing strategy for the fabrication of superwetting surfaces;however,its application is limited by poor chemical/mechanical stability.Herein,a...Endowing stimuli-responsive materials with micro-nano structures is an intriguing strategy for the fabrication of superwetting surfaces;however,its application is limited by poor chemical/mechanical stability.Herein,a simple and versatile strategy was developed to fabricate durable polymeric superwetting surfaces with photoswitchable wettability on hierarchically structured metallic substrates.Inspired by nature,a novel functional terpolymer incorporating mussel-inspired catechol groups,photoresponsive azobenzene groups,and low-surface-energy fluorine-containing groups was synthesized via solution radical polymerization.The azobenzene-containing terpolymer possesses outstanding photoresponsiveness in both the solution and film states because of the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene moieties.After dip-coating with the mussel-inspired azo-copolymer,the as-prepared smart surfaces exhibited a photo-triggered change in wettability between high hydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity.More importantly,these superwetting surfaces with enhanced adhesion properties can tolerate harsh environmental conditions and repeated abrasion tests,thereby demonstrating excellent chemical robustness and mechanical durability.This study paves a new avenue for the convenient and large-scale fabrication of robust smart surfaces that could find widespread potential applications in microfluidic devices,water treatment,and functional coatings.展开更多
The novel generation of clean energy has captured substantial public interest as the ecological environment deteriorates and fossil energy sources become depleted,with electrochemical catalysis deemed essential to the...The novel generation of clean energy has captured substantial public interest as the ecological environment deteriorates and fossil energy sources become depleted,with electrochemical catalysis deemed essential to the progress of clean energy technologies.Core-shell nanocomposite materials exhibit excellent chemical erosion resistance and effectively mitigate issues such as nanoparticle aggregation and sintering.Therefore,core-shell electrocatalysts demonstrate considerable advantages,such as enhanced activity and stability,making them widely applicable in electrocatalysis.This review offers an extensive summary of the latest advances,techniques,and applications of core-shell noble metal-based catalysts in electrocatalysis,encompassing a diverse range of synthesis techniques and strategies designed to fine-tune electrocatalytic performance.The article presents techniques such as seed-mediated growth,electrodeposition,template synthesis,and self-assembly and further delves into control strategies for enhancing electrocatalytic performance via case studies,examining electronic and geometric effects,with the former broken down into strain and ligand effects.Next,the article focuses on the remarkable progress achieved by noble metal-based core-shell structures in enhancing the efficiency of key electrocatalytic reactions,such as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Finally,the primary challenges and future prospects in this field are discussed,offering insight that will inform further research and development efforts.The primary objective of this review is to illuminate the design and construction of novel core-shell noble metal-based catalysts for energy storage and conversion technologies.展开更多
Hydrogen production coupled with small molecule oxidation derived by renewable energy power has been widely studied as an effective method to reduce energy consumption and prepare added value production.Here,the coppe...Hydrogen production coupled with small molecule oxidation derived by renewable energy power has been widely studied as an effective method to reduce energy consumption and prepare added value production.Here,the copper-cobalt phosphide with a multilevel structure has been designed based on the hard and soft acids and bases theory.The nanocone composed of lamellas presented a sharp tip,which a positive effect on the mass transfer enhanced by a local electric field,and the nanolamellas contain CoP/Cu_(3)P interface provide the highly selective active site for the gluconic acid(GNA)synthesis and hydrogen evolution.The catalyst can drive hydrogen evolution at 5 A·cm^(-2)up to 437 h without active decay,and the electrocatalytic glucose oxidation at anode presents high efficiency due to Cu(I)introduction and the synergetic effect between interfaces.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation shows that water splitting more readily occurs at the CoP,which provides adsorbed H and-OH for hydrogen evolution and glucose oxidation,respectively,and glucose adsorption more readily occurs at the Cu_(3)P,which presents lower conversion energy for high value-added GNA.Efficient hydrogen evolution and glucose conversion indicate its high intrinsic activity and synergetic effect.This work provides a special interface construction strategy for the catalytic conversion of hydrogen and small molecules.展开更多
Advanced chemical engineering for simultaneous modulation of nanomaterial morphology, defects, interfaces, and structure to enhance electromagnetic and microwave absorption (MA) performance. However, accurately distin...Advanced chemical engineering for simultaneous modulation of nanomaterial morphology, defects, interfaces, and structure to enhance electromagnetic and microwave absorption (MA) performance. However, accurately distinguishing the MA contributions of different scale factors and tuning the optimal combined effects remains a formidable challenge. This study employs a synergistic approach combining template protection etching and vacuum annealing to construct a controlled system of micrometer-sized cavities and amorphous carbon matrices in metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives. The results demonstrate that the spatial effects introduced by the hollow structure enhance dielectric loss but significantly weaken impedance matching. By increasing the proportion of amorphous carbon, the balance between electromagnetic loss and impedance matching can be effectively maintained. Importantly, in a suitable graphitization environment, the presence of oxygen vacancies in amorphous carbon can induce significant polarization to compensate for the reduced conductivity loss due to the absence of sp2 carbon. Through the synergistic effects of morphology and composition, the samples exhibit a broader absorption bandwidth (6.28 GHz) and stronger reflection loss (−61.64 dB) compared to the original MOF. In conclusion, this study aims to elucidate the multiscale impacts of macroscopic micro-nano structure and microscopic defect engineering, providing valuable insights for future research in this field.展开更多
A novel core-shell structured Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y-Al_(2)Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during t...A novel core-shell structured Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y-Al_(2)Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during twin-roll casting.When soaked in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,Al_(2)Ca shell with a low electrochemical potential prevents direct contact of noble Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y with Mg matrix,mitigating the micro-galvanic corrosion and meanwhile accelerating the formation of uniform corrosion film.Thereafter,solute(Al,Ca)-segregation motivates the formation of heterogeneous multilayered corrosion product films,enhancing corrosion resistance and even achieving self-healing upon long-term corrosion.Notably,the dilute Mg alloy exhibits a corrosion rate as low as 0.22±0.05 mm·y^(−1).展开更多
Enhancing the lubricating properties and antibacterial adhesion resistance of implantable medical materials is critical to prevent soft tissue injury during implantation and the formation of bacterial biofilms.Prior s...Enhancing the lubricating properties and antibacterial adhesion resistance of implantable medical materials is critical to prevent soft tissue injury during implantation and the formation of bacterial biofilms.Prior studies may have exhibited limitations in the preparation methodologies and long-term stability of coatings for implantable medical materials.In this study,we developed a multilayered hybrid hydrogel coating method based on the rate difference of polymerization initiation on the material surface.The acquired coating with persistent lubrication capability retained its functionality after 2×10^(4) cycles of friction and 21 days of PBS immersion.A quaternary ammonium salt coating with antibacterial properties was introduced to further functionalize the coating.Animal experiments demonstrated that this coating exhibited remarkable effects on delaying encrustation and bacterial colonization.These studies indicate that this simple method of introducing lubricating and antibacterial coatings on catheters is likely to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and has broad application prospects in this field of medical devices.展开更多
The high activity and stability of intermetallic PtCo nanocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction make them a top candidate as low-Pt cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,forming...The high activity and stability of intermetallic PtCo nanocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction make them a top candidate as low-Pt cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,forming intermetallic structures typically requires high-temperature annealing,posing a challenge for achieving well-size control and highly ordered structures.Here we report the design and synthesis of bimetallic co re@shell structured precursors for affording high-performance intermetallic PtCo catalysts.The fabrication of the core@shell precursor involves using a molecular ligand containing both sulfur and oxygen donors to selectively bind with Pt colloidal nanoparticles as the core and chelate Co ions as the shell.During high-temperature annealing,the ligand transforms into carbon coatings around alloy nanoparticles,preventing particle sintering;meanwhile,Co ions in the shell can easily diffuse into the Pt core,which helps to increase the thermodynamic driving force for forming intermetallic structures.These benefits enable us to obtain the catalyst with finely dispersed nanoparticles(~3.5 nm)and a high ordering degree of 72%.With 0.1 mgPt/cm^(2)cathode loading,the catalyst delivers superior performance and durability in PEMFCs,showing an initial mass activity of 0.56 A/mgPt,an initial power density of 1.05 W/cm^(2)at 0.67 V(H_(2)-air),and a voltage loss of 26 mV at 0.8 A/cm^(2)after the accelerated durability test.展开更多
Surgical site infections(SSIs)are the most common healthcare-related infections in patients with lung cancer.Constructing a lung cancer SSI risk prediction model requires the extraction of relevant risk factors from l...Surgical site infections(SSIs)are the most common healthcare-related infections in patients with lung cancer.Constructing a lung cancer SSI risk prediction model requires the extraction of relevant risk factors from lung cancer case texts,which involves two types of text structuring tasks:attribute discrimination and attribute extraction.This article proposes a joint model,Multi-BGLC,around these two types of tasks,using bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)as the encoder and fine-tuning the decoder composed of graph convolutional neural network(GCNN)+long short-term memory(LSTM)+conditional random field(CRF)based on cancer case data.The GCNN is used for attribute discrimination,whereas the LSTM and CRF are used for attribute extraction.The experiment verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the model compared with other baseline models.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central-Level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes(2024-9007)。
文摘The accuracy of center height detection for corrugated beam guardrails is significantly affected by robot posture in the mobile highway guardrail detection systems based on structured light vision.To address the problem,this paper proposes an integrated calibration method for structured light vision sensors.In the proposed system,the sensor is mounted on a crawler-type mobile robot,which scans and measures the center height of guardrails while in motion.However,due to external disturbances such as uneven road surfaces and vehicle vibrations,the posture of the robot may deviate,causing displacement of the sensor platform and resulting in spatial 3D measurement errors.To overcome this issue,the system integrates inertial measurement unit(IMU)data into the sensor calibration process,enabling realtime correction of posture deviations through sensor fusion.This approach achieves a unified calibration of the structured light vision system,effectively compensates for posture-induced errors,and enhances detection accuracy.A prototype was developed and tested in both laboratory and real highway environments.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables accurate center height detection of guardrails under complex road conditions,significantly reduces posture-related measurement errors,and greatly improves the efficiency and reliability of traditional detection methods.
文摘Enterprise applications utilize relational databases and structured business processes, requiring slow and expensive conversion of inputs and outputs, from business documents such as invoices, purchase orders, and receipts, into known templates and schemas before processing. We propose a new LLM Agent-based intelligent data extraction, transformation, and load (IntelligentETL) pipeline that not only ingests PDFs and detects inputs within it but also addresses the extraction of structured and unstructured data by developing tools that most efficiently and securely deal with respective data types. We study the efficiency of our proposed pipeline and compare it with enterprise solutions that also utilize LLMs. We establish the supremacy in timely and accurate data extraction and transformation capabilities of our approach for analyzing the data from varied sources based on nested and/or interlinked input constraints.
基金co-supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2023RC3023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272404)。
文摘The autonomous landing guidance of fixed-wing aircraft in unknown structured scenes presents a substantial technological challenge,particularly regarding the effectiveness of solutions for monocular visual relative pose estimation.This study proposes a novel airborne monocular visual estimation method based on structured scene features to address this challenge.First,a multitask neural network model is established for segmentation,depth estimation,and slope estimation on monocular images.And a monocular image comprehensive three-dimensional information metric is designed,encompassing length,span,flatness,and slope information.Subsequently,structured edge features are leveraged to filter candidate landing regions adaptively.By leveraging the three-dimensional information metric,the optimal landing region is accurately and efficiently identified.Finally,sparse two-dimensional key point is used to parameterize the optimal landing region for the first time and a high-precision relative pose estimation is achieved.Additional measurement information is introduced to provide the autonomous landing guidance information between the aircraft and the optimal landing region.Experimental results obtained from both synthetic and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in monocular pose estimation for autonomous aircraft landing guidance in unknown structured scenes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.62205367 and 62141506]the Suzhou Basic Research Pilot Project[Grant Nos.SSD2023006 and SJC2021013]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant No.2023YFF1205700].
文摘Maintaining the s-polarization state of laser beams is important to achieve high modulation depth in a laser-interference-based super-resolution structured illumination microscope(SR-SIM).However,the imperfect optical components can depolarize the laser beams hence degenerating the modulation depth.Here,we first presented a direct measurement method designed to estimate the modulation depth more precisely by shifting illumination patterns with equal phase steps.This measurement method greatly reduces the dependence of modulation depths on the samples,and then developed a polarization optimization method to achieve high modulation depth at all orientations by actively and quantitatively compensating for the additional phase difference using a combination of waveplate and a liquid crystal variable retarder(LCVR).Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve illumination patterns with modulation depth higher than 0.94 at three orientations with only one LCVR voltage,which enables isotropic resolution improvement.
基金gratefully acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274305,52374309 and 52004189)Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2022BAA021)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023T160210 and 2022M721109)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)Open Foundation of Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education(FMRUlab-25-05).
文摘The dissolution behaviors of lime,limestone,and core–shell structured lime,as well as their effects on dephosphorization behavior were studied.The results show that the slow dissolution of lime in converter slag is mainly attributed to the calcium silicate layer at the lime/slag interface.CO_(2)generated by CaCO_(3)decomposition can destroy the calcium silicate layer,and thus accelerates the dissolution of limestone and core–shell structured lime.However,in the initial stage,a large amount of CO_(2)emission generated by limestone decomposition results in the poor contact between molten slag and limestone,and the dissolution rate is slower in the test of limestone than that of lime.For core–shell structured lime,the initial dissolution rate is not affected due to the lime surface,and is accelerated by the appropriate CO_(2)emission.Rapid CaO pickup in molten slag by fast dissolution of the lime sample can remarkably accelerate the dephosphorization reaction.Because of the fastest dissolution rate,the core–shell structured lime slagging mode shows the most promising prospects for the efficient dephosphorization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Nos.62205367 and 62141506]Suzhou Basic Research Pilot Project[Grant Nos.SSD2023006 and SJC2021013]Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program[Grant No.BE2020664].
文摘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy(SR-SIM)relies heavily on post-processing reconstruction to obtain high-quality SR images from raw data.Although many SIM reconstruction algorithms have been developed to recover fine cellular structures with high fidelity even from the noisy data,whether the pixel intensities of reconstructed SR images are still proportional to the original fluorescence intensity has been less explored.The linearity between the intensity before and after reconstruction is de fined as the intensity fidelity.Here,we proposed a method to evaluate the reconstructed SR image intensity fidelity at different spatial frequencies.With the proposed metric,we systematically investigated the impact of the key factors on the intensity fidelity in the standard Wiener-SIM reconstructions with simulated data,then evaluated the intensity fidelity of the SR images reconstructed by representative open-source packages.Our work provides a reference for SR-SIM image intensity fidelity improvement.
文摘This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in magnetic structured triboelectric nanogenerators(MSTENGs)and their potential for energy harvesting and sensing in coastal bridge infrastructure.This paper begins with a brief discussion on the fundamental physics modes of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),triboelectric series,and factors affecting TENG power generation and transmission,providing a foundation for the subsequent sections.The review focuses on the different types of MSTENGs and their applications in coastal infrastructure.Specifically,it covers magnetic spherical TENG networks,magnet-assisted TENGs,MSTENGs for bridges,and magnetic multilayer structures based on TENGs.The advantages and limitations of each type of MSTENG are discussed in detail,highlighting their respective suitability for different coastal bridge infrastructure applications.In addition,the paper addresses the challenges and provides insights into the future of MSTENGs.These include the need for improved durability and sustainability of MSTENGs in harsh coastal environments,increasing their power-output levels to fulfll high energy needs,and the requirement for collaborative efforts between academia,industry,and government institutions to optimize MSTENG performance.
基金supported by BMBF-Project No.05P24PF1DFG Project No.PU 213/6-3.
文摘We propose an all-optical,single-laser-pulse scheme for generating a dense relativistic strongly magnetized electron-positron pair plasma.The scheme involves the interaction of an extremely intense(I■10^(24) W/cm^(2))circularly polarized laser pulse with a solid-density target containing a conical cavity.Through full-scale three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that account for quantum electrodynamic effects,it is shown that this interaction results in two significant outcomes:first,the generation of quasi-static magnetic fields reaching tens of gigagauss,and,second,the production of large quantities of electron-positron pairs(up to 10^(13))via the Breit-Wheeler process.The e^(-)e^(+)plasma becomes trapped in the magnetic field and remains confined in a small volume for hundreds of femtoseconds,far exceeding the laser timescale.The dependence of pair plasma parameters,as well as the efficiency of plasma production and confinement,is discussed in relation to the properties of the laser pulse and the target.Realizing this scheme experimentally would enable the investigation of physical processes relevant to extreme astrophysical environments.
基金the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202301AT070452)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61861023)。
文摘The structured low-rank model for parallel magnetic resonance(MR)imaging can efficiently reconstruct MR images with limited auto-calibration signals.To improve the reconstruction quality of MR images,we integrate the joint sparsity and sparsifying transform learning(JTL)into the simultaneous auto-calibrating and k-space estimation(SAKE)structured low-rank model,named JTLSAKE.The alternate direction method of multipliers is exploited to solve the resulting optimization problem,and the optimized gradient method is used to improve the convergence speed.In addition,a graphics processing unit is used to accelerate the proposed algorithm.The experimental results on four in vivo human datasets demonstrate that the reconstruction quality of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of JTL-based low-rank modeling of local k-space neighborhoods with parallel imaging(JTL-PLORAKS),and the proposed algorithm is 46 times faster than the JTL-PLORAKS,requiring only 4 s to reconstruct a 200×200 pixels MR image with 8 channels.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20546 and 52271010)the Chinese National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.52025015)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.21JCZDJC00510).
文摘1.Introduction The strength-ductility trade-offdilemma has long been a per-sistent challenge in Al matrix composites(AMCs)[1,2].This is-sue primarily arises from the agglomeration of reinforcements at the grain boundaries(GBs),which restricts local plastic flow dur-ing the plastic deformation and leads to stress concentration[3,4].Recently,the development of concepts aimed at achieving hetero-geneous grain has emerged as a promising approach for enhanc-ing comprehensive mechanical properties[5,6].
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5210125 and 52375422)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2023058)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2020208069,B2020208083 and E202320801).
文摘The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.
基金supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU)China(No.2022-QZ-03)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of National Key Laboratory of Special Vehicle Design,Manufacturing Integration Technology(No.GZ2022KF001).Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324142805014)Shaanxi Province Youth Science,Technology New Star(No.2022KJXX-20)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(No.sklpme2022-4-05).
文摘One-dimensional nanomaterials with hollow structures could provide large space for ion storage and charge accumulation.Herein,TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon nanotube composite(NT)materials were designed and fabricated by the template method and the chelation coordination reaction.The stability and conductivity were improved by the presence of titanium and hollow tubular-architecture carbon in the whole structure.As a result,the as-prepared TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-Carbon hybrid achieved a high-rate performance of 760.0 mAh·g^(−1) at a current density of 0.1 A·g^(−1),while still obtaining stability after 300 charge/discharge cycles.The enhancement of the lithium storage capacity mainly contributed to the acceleration of the electron conductivity and the storage kinetics.Moreover,the hollow structure reduced the volume strain and stress caused by the rapid insertion and removal of lithium ions,which ensured the favorable stability of lithium storage.The experiment shows that the kinetic of the TiO_(2)/MoSe_(2)-carbon hybrid during the lithium storage process is dominated by the pseudocapacitance mechanism.This work provides a new idea and scheme for the design and preparation of hierarchical nanotube composite electrode materials.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022MB034)the Development Program Project of the Young Innovation Team of Institutions of Higher Learning in Shandong Province。
文摘Endowing stimuli-responsive materials with micro-nano structures is an intriguing strategy for the fabrication of superwetting surfaces;however,its application is limited by poor chemical/mechanical stability.Herein,a simple and versatile strategy was developed to fabricate durable polymeric superwetting surfaces with photoswitchable wettability on hierarchically structured metallic substrates.Inspired by nature,a novel functional terpolymer incorporating mussel-inspired catechol groups,photoresponsive azobenzene groups,and low-surface-energy fluorine-containing groups was synthesized via solution radical polymerization.The azobenzene-containing terpolymer possesses outstanding photoresponsiveness in both the solution and film states because of the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene moieties.After dip-coating with the mussel-inspired azo-copolymer,the as-prepared smart surfaces exhibited a photo-triggered change in wettability between high hydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity.More importantly,these superwetting surfaces with enhanced adhesion properties can tolerate harsh environmental conditions and repeated abrasion tests,thereby demonstrating excellent chemical robustness and mechanical durability.This study paves a new avenue for the convenient and large-scale fabrication of robust smart surfaces that could find widespread potential applications in microfluidic devices,water treatment,and functional coatings.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001136,52171179 and 82371913)the Youth Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong Province(No.2023KJ105)Collaborative Innovation Center of Yellow River Basin Pharmaceutical Green Manufacturing and Engineering Equipment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China,Jinan City University Integration Development Strategy Project(No.JNSX2023021).
文摘The novel generation of clean energy has captured substantial public interest as the ecological environment deteriorates and fossil energy sources become depleted,with electrochemical catalysis deemed essential to the progress of clean energy technologies.Core-shell nanocomposite materials exhibit excellent chemical erosion resistance and effectively mitigate issues such as nanoparticle aggregation and sintering.Therefore,core-shell electrocatalysts demonstrate considerable advantages,such as enhanced activity and stability,making them widely applicable in electrocatalysis.This review offers an extensive summary of the latest advances,techniques,and applications of core-shell noble metal-based catalysts in electrocatalysis,encompassing a diverse range of synthesis techniques and strategies designed to fine-tune electrocatalytic performance.The article presents techniques such as seed-mediated growth,electrodeposition,template synthesis,and self-assembly and further delves into control strategies for enhancing electrocatalytic performance via case studies,examining electronic and geometric effects,with the former broken down into strain and ligand effects.Next,the article focuses on the remarkable progress achieved by noble metal-based core-shell structures in enhancing the efficiency of key electrocatalytic reactions,such as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),and carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Finally,the primary challenges and future prospects in this field are discussed,offering insight that will inform further research and development efforts.The primary objective of this review is to illuminate the design and construction of novel core-shell noble metal-based catalysts for energy storage and conversion technologies.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.22269021)Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2023TSYCQNTJ0039)the Open project of Key Laboratory in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(No.2023D04027).
文摘Hydrogen production coupled with small molecule oxidation derived by renewable energy power has been widely studied as an effective method to reduce energy consumption and prepare added value production.Here,the copper-cobalt phosphide with a multilevel structure has been designed based on the hard and soft acids and bases theory.The nanocone composed of lamellas presented a sharp tip,which a positive effect on the mass transfer enhanced by a local electric field,and the nanolamellas contain CoP/Cu_(3)P interface provide the highly selective active site for the gluconic acid(GNA)synthesis and hydrogen evolution.The catalyst can drive hydrogen evolution at 5 A·cm^(-2)up to 437 h without active decay,and the electrocatalytic glucose oxidation at anode presents high efficiency due to Cu(I)introduction and the synergetic effect between interfaces.Density functional theory(DFT)calculation shows that water splitting more readily occurs at the CoP,which provides adsorbed H and-OH for hydrogen evolution and glucose oxidation,respectively,and glucose adsorption more readily occurs at the Cu_(3)P,which presents lower conversion energy for high value-added GNA.Efficient hydrogen evolution and glucose conversion indicate its high intrinsic activity and synergetic effect.This work provides a special interface construction strategy for the catalytic conversion of hydrogen and small molecules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172091,52172295)Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2023605C002)+4 种基金Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Major Project of Jiangsu Province(SBK2023050110)the National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-optical Engineering(NO.61422062301)the Opening Project of Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application Technology of Electronic Component Laboratory(ZHD202305)the Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology(ASMA202303)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_0371).
文摘Advanced chemical engineering for simultaneous modulation of nanomaterial morphology, defects, interfaces, and structure to enhance electromagnetic and microwave absorption (MA) performance. However, accurately distinguishing the MA contributions of different scale factors and tuning the optimal combined effects remains a formidable challenge. This study employs a synergistic approach combining template protection etching and vacuum annealing to construct a controlled system of micrometer-sized cavities and amorphous carbon matrices in metal-organic framework (MOF) derivatives. The results demonstrate that the spatial effects introduced by the hollow structure enhance dielectric loss but significantly weaken impedance matching. By increasing the proportion of amorphous carbon, the balance between electromagnetic loss and impedance matching can be effectively maintained. Importantly, in a suitable graphitization environment, the presence of oxygen vacancies in amorphous carbon can induce significant polarization to compensate for the reduced conductivity loss due to the absence of sp2 carbon. Through the synergistic effects of morphology and composition, the samples exhibit a broader absorption bandwidth (6.28 GHz) and stronger reflection loss (−61.64 dB) compared to the original MOF. In conclusion, this study aims to elucidate the multiscale impacts of macroscopic micro-nano structure and microscopic defect engineering, providing valuable insights for future research in this field.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52234009 and 52274383Partial financial support came from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,JLU,Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(JLUSTIRT,2017TD-09)Program for the Central University Youth Innovation Team.
文摘A novel core-shell structured Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y-Al_(2)Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during twin-roll casting.When soaked in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,Al_(2)Ca shell with a low electrochemical potential prevents direct contact of noble Al_(8)Mn_(4)Y with Mg matrix,mitigating the micro-galvanic corrosion and meanwhile accelerating the formation of uniform corrosion film.Thereafter,solute(Al,Ca)-segregation motivates the formation of heterogeneous multilayered corrosion product films,enhancing corrosion resistance and even achieving self-healing upon long-term corrosion.Notably,the dilute Mg alloy exhibits a corrosion rate as low as 0.22±0.05 mm·y^(−1).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373296 and 52173287)。
文摘Enhancing the lubricating properties and antibacterial adhesion resistance of implantable medical materials is critical to prevent soft tissue injury during implantation and the formation of bacterial biofilms.Prior studies may have exhibited limitations in the preparation methodologies and long-term stability of coatings for implantable medical materials.In this study,we developed a multilayered hybrid hydrogel coating method based on the rate difference of polymerization initiation on the material surface.The acquired coating with persistent lubrication capability retained its functionality after 2×10^(4) cycles of friction and 21 days of PBS immersion.A quaternary ammonium salt coating with antibacterial properties was introduced to further functionalize the coating.Animal experiments demonstrated that this coating exhibited remarkable effects on delaying encrustation and bacterial colonization.These studies indicate that this simple method of introducing lubricating and antibacterial coatings on catheters is likely to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and has broad application prospects in this field of medical devices.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 22325903,22221003,and 22071225)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2018YFA0702001)+1 种基金the Plan for Anhui Major Provincial Science&Technology Project(Grants 202203a0520013 and 2021d05050006)the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant YD2060002032).
文摘The high activity and stability of intermetallic PtCo nanocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction make them a top candidate as low-Pt cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,forming intermetallic structures typically requires high-temperature annealing,posing a challenge for achieving well-size control and highly ordered structures.Here we report the design and synthesis of bimetallic co re@shell structured precursors for affording high-performance intermetallic PtCo catalysts.The fabrication of the core@shell precursor involves using a molecular ligand containing both sulfur and oxygen donors to selectively bind with Pt colloidal nanoparticles as the core and chelate Co ions as the shell.During high-temperature annealing,the ligand transforms into carbon coatings around alloy nanoparticles,preventing particle sintering;meanwhile,Co ions in the shell can easily diffuse into the Pt core,which helps to increase the thermodynamic driving force for forming intermetallic structures.These benefits enable us to obtain the catalyst with finely dispersed nanoparticles(~3.5 nm)and a high ordering degree of 72%.With 0.1 mgPt/cm^(2)cathode loading,the catalyst delivers superior performance and durability in PEMFCs,showing an initial mass activity of 0.56 A/mgPt,an initial power density of 1.05 W/cm^(2)at 0.67 V(H_(2)-air),and a voltage loss of 26 mV at 0.8 A/cm^(2)after the accelerated durability test.
基金the Special Project of the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology for Promoting High-Quality Industrial Development(No.2024-GZL-RGZN-02011)the Shanghai City Digital Transformation Project(No.202301002)the Project of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center(No.SHDC22023214)。
文摘Surgical site infections(SSIs)are the most common healthcare-related infections in patients with lung cancer.Constructing a lung cancer SSI risk prediction model requires the extraction of relevant risk factors from lung cancer case texts,which involves two types of text structuring tasks:attribute discrimination and attribute extraction.This article proposes a joint model,Multi-BGLC,around these two types of tasks,using bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT)as the encoder and fine-tuning the decoder composed of graph convolutional neural network(GCNN)+long short-term memory(LSTM)+conditional random field(CRF)based on cancer case data.The GCNN is used for attribute discrimination,whereas the LSTM and CRF are used for attribute extraction.The experiment verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the model compared with other baseline models.
