In living organisms,confined space with specific chemical composition and elaborate spatial distribution regulates the formation of natural structures.Learning from the natural structure-forming process,novel synthesi...In living organisms,confined space with specific chemical composition and elaborate spatial distribution regulates the formation of natural structures.Learning from the natural structure-forming process,novel synthesis approaches in deliberated confined systems have been proposed for obtaining designed structures.Artificial confined systems can effectively regulate the synthesis of materials with defined structures according to the geometry of confinements.Collagen fibrils provide biological confinements for the formation of hierarchical structure with periodic arrangement.Genetically engineered living organisms with designed confinements can direct the synthesis of three-dimensional nanostructures.More novel structures will be rationally fabricated in the future with the aid of deeper understanding of biological processes.展开更多
Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, conductive hydrogels(CHs) are widely used in the fields of energy and power, and biomedical technology. To arrive at a be...Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, conductive hydrogels(CHs) are widely used in the fields of energy and power, and biomedical technology. To arrive at a better understanding of the design methods and development trends of CHs, this paper summarizes and analyzes related research published in recent years. First,we describe the properties and characteristics of CHs. Using Scopus, the world’s largest abstract and citation database, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the related literature from the past 15 years and summarized development trends in the field of CHs. Second, we describe the types of CH network crosslinking and basic functional design methods and summarize the three-dimensional(3D) structure-forming methods and conductive performance tests of CHs. In addition, we introduce applications of CHs in the fields of energy and power, biomedical technology, and others. Lastly, we discuss several problems in current CH research and introduce some prospects for the future development of CHs.展开更多
Abstract： This paper presented the results from the study of irrigation erosion of irrigated lands in southern Ka- zakhstan. The main purpose of the work is the conservation of the fertility of irrigated soils, and t...Abstract： This paper presented the results from the study of irrigation erosion of irrigated lands in southern Ka- zakhstan. The main purpose of the work is the conservation of the fertility of irrigated soils, and then the soils of the upper, middle and lower sections of the slopes at the experimental site were studied. Based on field investigations, authors studied the water resistance of aggregates of gray-brown soils and light gray soils before and after irrigation and qualitative indicators of changes in physical and chemical properties of structured soils in irrigation were de- termined by conventional methods of soil research. The results indicated that the changes in the physical properties of soils by using polymeric compounds created a fundamentally new opportunity to control water erosion of soils.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521001)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2015DFR50650)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(WUT 2016IB006).
文摘In living organisms,confined space with specific chemical composition and elaborate spatial distribution regulates the formation of natural structures.Learning from the natural structure-forming process,novel synthesis approaches in deliberated confined systems have been proposed for obtaining designed structures.Artificial confined systems can effectively regulate the synthesis of materials with defined structures according to the geometry of confinements.Collagen fibrils provide biological confinements for the formation of hierarchical structure with periodic arrangement.Genetically engineered living organisms with designed confinements can direct the synthesis of three-dimensional nanostructures.More novel structures will be rationally fabricated in the future with the aid of deeper understanding of biological processes.
基金supported by the Research Project Funding of National University of Defense Technology of China (No.ZK19-33)the National Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Funding for Incoming Postdoctoral Students (Postdoctoral No.48127)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No.2020RC2036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52105039 and 52175069)。
文摘Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, conductive hydrogels(CHs) are widely used in the fields of energy and power, and biomedical technology. To arrive at a better understanding of the design methods and development trends of CHs, this paper summarizes and analyzes related research published in recent years. First,we describe the properties and characteristics of CHs. Using Scopus, the world’s largest abstract and citation database, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the related literature from the past 15 years and summarized development trends in the field of CHs. Second, we describe the types of CH network crosslinking and basic functional design methods and summarize the three-dimensional(3D) structure-forming methods and conductive performance tests of CHs. In addition, we introduce applications of CHs in the fields of energy and power, biomedical technology, and others. Lastly, we discuss several problems in current CH research and introduce some prospects for the future development of CHs.
基金supported by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China(2010DFA92720)the Department of Ecology in Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after Uspanov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
文摘Abstract： This paper presented the results from the study of irrigation erosion of irrigated lands in southern Ka- zakhstan. The main purpose of the work is the conservation of the fertility of irrigated soils, and then the soils of the upper, middle and lower sections of the slopes at the experimental site were studied. Based on field investigations, authors studied the water resistance of aggregates of gray-brown soils and light gray soils before and after irrigation and qualitative indicators of changes in physical and chemical properties of structured soils in irrigation were de- termined by conventional methods of soil research. The results indicated that the changes in the physical properties of soils by using polymeric compounds created a fundamentally new opportunity to control water erosion of soils.
