In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honey...In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.展开更多
SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminu...SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.展开更多
The core-shell structure in bulk TiNb binary alloy was designed and studied by phase-field simulations,where various core-shell structures were obtained by precise control of the initial and boundary conditions of the...The core-shell structure in bulk TiNb binary alloy was designed and studied by phase-field simulations,where various core-shell structures were obtained by precise control of the initial and boundary conditions of the TiNb binary alloy system during spinodal decomposition,and then the formation mechanism of core-shell structure was revealed.In addition,the influences of initial temperature gradient,average temperature,and initial concentration distribution of the system on the core-shell structure were investigated.Results show that the initial concentration gradient is the key factor for forming the core-shell structure.Besides,larger initial temperature gradient and higher average temperature can promote the formation of core-shell structure,which can be stabilized by adjusting the initial concentration distribution of the Nb-rich region in TiNb binary alloy.As a theoretical basis,this research provides a novel and simple strategy for the preparation of TiNb-based alloys and other materials with peculiar core-shell structures and desirable mechanical and physical properties.展开更多
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(H_(2)DTNB)was employed as the second ligand to react with cucurbit[6]uril(Q[6])and Cd(NO_(3))_(2),and it was deprotonated or transformed into HDTNB^(-),TNB^(2-)and NSB^(2-)(H_(2...5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(H_(2)DTNB)was employed as the second ligand to react with cucurbit[6]uril(Q[6])and Cd(NO_(3))_(2),and it was deprotonated or transformed into HDTNB^(-),TNB^(2-)and NSB^(2-)(H_(2)TNB=5,5'-thiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid),H_(2)NSB=2-nitro-5-sulfobenzoic acid)under different conditions to afford three novel supramolecular assemblies with the formulas of[Cd(H_(2)O)_(4)(Q[6])](HDTNB)_(2)·3H_(2)O(1),[Cd(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(2)(TNB)_(2)·Q[6]·4H_(2)O(2)and[Cd(H_(2)O)_(5)(NSB)]_(2)·Q[6](3).Singe-crystal diffraction(SC-XRD)analysis revealed that assembly 1 is constructed from 2D[Cd(H_(2)O)_(4)(Q[6])]2+supramolecular layers and HDTNB^(-)supra molecular layers,the structure of assembly 2 is comprised of the 2D{[Cd(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(2)·Q[6]}^(4+)supramolecular layers and 1D TNB^(2-)supramolecular chains,while assembly 3 is built from the 3D Q[6]frameworks with[Cd(H_(2)O)_(5)(NSB)]supramolecular chains filled in the pores.Meanwhile,the noncovalent interactions between the ligands HDTNB^(-)/TNB^(2-)/NSB^(2-)and the outer-surface of Q[6]molecules contributed greatly to the formation of the supramolecular architecture of assemblies 1-3.CCDC:2522253,1;2522254,2;2522255,3.展开更多
Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2...Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.展开更多
AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser diodes(LDs)face performance challenges due to elec-tron leakage and poor hole injection which is often worsened by polarization effects from conventional elec-tron blocking layer...AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser diodes(LDs)face performance challenges due to elec-tron leakage and poor hole injection which is often worsened by polarization effects from conventional elec-tron blocking layers(EBLs).To overcome these limitations,we propose an EBL-free DUV LD design incor-porating a 1-nm undoped Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)N thin strip layer after the last quantum barrier.Using PICS3D simula-tions,we evaluate the optical and electrical characteristics.Results show a significant increase in effective electron barrier height(from 158.2 meV to 420.7 meV)and a reduction in hole barrier height(from 149.2 meV to 62.8 meV),which enhance hole injection and reduce electron leakage.The optimized structure(LD3)achieves a 14%increase in output power,improved slope efficiency(1.85 W/A),and lower threshold current.This design also reduces the quantum confined Stark effect and forms dual hole accumulation regions,im-proving recombination efficiency.展开更多
Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet ...Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.展开更多
Habitat loss driven by land-use change is a major factor shaping the dynamics of urban bird community structures.However,the potential mechanisms by which the spatial configuration and composition of blue-green infras...Habitat loss driven by land-use change is a major factor shaping the dynamics of urban bird community structures.However,the potential mechanisms by which the spatial configuration and composition of blue-green infrastructure,recognized as biodiversity hotspots in urban landscapes,influence urban bird beta diversity remain insufficiently understood.This study was conducted in the built-up area of Yinchuan,an internationally recognized wetland city in Northwest China.From December 2023 to June 2024,we systematically surveyed bird communities during both the breeding and wintering periods across 29 blue-green space mosaics.We quantified taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity,along with their turnover component and nestedness-resultant component,based on both pairwise beta diversity and multiple-site beta diversity.We further assessed the relative importance of landscape variables and spatial geographic distance in shaping beta diversity patterns and used hierarchical modeling of species communities(HMSC)to explore the responses of bird occurrence and functional traits to landscape variables.Our results revealed that species turnover was the dominant driver of taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.Seasonal differences were observed in the effects of spatial geographic distance and landscape structure on beta diversity and its components,with landscape variables showing higher explanatory power than geographic isolation.In the breeding period,landscape diversity and waterbody area had positive effects on bird occurrence,whereas in the wintering period,most landscape features—except for landscape diversity—exerted neutral or negative influences.Regarding functional traits,we found that reproductive traits,flight ability,and foraging characteristics responded significantly to landscape structure,and that some small-bodied species active in aerial and canopy layers were more adaptable to habitat fragmentation.This study provides novel insights into the assembly processes and driving mechanisms of urban bird communities and offers scientific support for the notion that designing and maintaining blue-green infrastructure can contribute to urban biodiversity conservation.展开更多
In the conceptual design phase of the satellite thermal management system,components layout optimization and structural topology optimization of satellite panel can meet global and local thermal management requirement...In the conceptual design phase of the satellite thermal management system,components layout optimization and structural topology optimization of satellite panel can meet global and local thermal management requirements,respectively.However,achieving non-interfering coupling between these two optimization processes remains a challenge.An integrated layout-structure design method based on thermal metamaterials is proposed,which comprises two design stages.In the first stage,components layout optimization is conducted to maximize temperature uniformity within the satellite module,yielding a globally optimized layout with balanced thermal characteristics.In the second stage,topology optimization guided by the design principle of thermal metamaterials is implemented in critical local panel regions to satisfy differentiated heat transfer requirements of components with diverse functional and thermal sensitivity properties.The key innovation lies in utilizing thermal metamaterials as a mediator to synergistically couple global components layout optimization with local structural topology optimization,which enables customized local heat flux manipulation without interfering with the globally optimized temperature field derived from the layout optimization.The method introduces neither additional mass nor special materials,offering advantages of low cost,high reliability,and strong versatility.It provides a new solution paradigm for the design of passive thermal management systems in satellites.展开更多
The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
Texture and grain structure evolution during annealing and their effects on tensile strength and anisotropy were studied using XRD,DSC,SEM,EBSD and TEM.The results indicate that elevated rolling temperatures reduce th...Texture and grain structure evolution during annealing and their effects on tensile strength and anisotropy were studied using XRD,DSC,SEM,EBSD and TEM.The results indicate that elevated rolling temperatures reduce the f(g)_(max(Copper))/f(g)_(max(Brass))ratio,increase S-Brass fine bands,and promote S-dispersoid precipitation,leading to finer recrystallized grains.Dominant recrystallization textures transform from Goss+P to Goss and then to Goss+Cube with increasing rolling temperature.Annealing at 350℃shows four tensile strength response stages:fast softening I,rapid strengthening II,slow strengthening III,and slow softening IV.The transition from Stages I to II is driven by the formation of strong Goss and P textures,and Stage IV is linked to enhanced Cube texture.Plates with Goss+Cube textures and fine equiaxed grains exhibit the lowest YS/UTS ratio and minimal anisotropy.展开更多
The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly d...The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly defined.The focus of this study is the No.8 coal seam of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin.By integrating microscopic identification,proximate analysis,gas adsorption(CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)),and the multifractal theory,we quantitatively characterized the nanopore structure(micropores<2 nm and mesopores 2 nm-100 nm)of coal reservoirs with varying ash yields.The results indicate that(1)ash yield is the primary factor that controls the vertical evolution of pore structures in coal seams.In low-ash yield coal seams,the extent of thermal evolution and ash yield jointly constrain the heterogeneity of pore size distribution.In mediumto high-ash yield coal seams,the heterogeneity of pore structure and pore size distribution are predominantly constrained by ash yield.(2)As the ash yield vertically increases,the mesoporous pore volume and specific surface area initially decrease and subsequently increase,while the contribution of micropores to both pore volume and specific surface area continuously diminishes.Consequently,the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal samples exhibit a two-stage reduction close to an ash yield threshold of approximately 20%.(3)Further,the Langmuir volume for CH_(4)adsorption sharply declines below the 20%threshold,followed by a gradual decrease;in contrast,the Langmuir pressure initially decreases and subsequently increases.Hence,the vertical increase in ash yield constrains the development of pore systems and diminishes pore connectivity,thereby reducing methane adsorption capacity and adversely affecting coalbed methane productivity.(4)Low-ash yield coal reservoirs are characterized by a rapid gas breakthrough and high productivity,whereas medium-ash yield coal reservoirs generally require prolonged depressurization to achieve peak gas production.These findings reveal that in medium-high rank coal,ash yield―and not thermal evolution―is the main factor that controls vertical pore evolution and methane adsorption efficiency.The quantitative ash yield threshold(20%)established in this study provides a practical criterion for evaluating reservoir quality and predicting vertical variations in gas storage potential in the Ordos Basin.展开更多
Magnesium batteries are attracting growing interest as next-generation energy storage technology due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and resource abundance.However,their development remains limited by sluggish...Magnesium batteries are attracting growing interest as next-generation energy storage technology due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and resource abundance.However,their development remains limited by sluggish Mg^(2+)transport kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Herein,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that modulates the Mg^(2+)solvation structure by introducing tetrahydrofuran(THF)as a co-solvent into a borate-based electrolyte,Mg[B(hfip)_(4)](MBF)in dimethoxyethane(DME).THF,selected from a series of linear and cyclic ethers,has a comparable dielectric constant and donor number to DME,but its cyclic structure introduces steric hindrance that induces competitive coordination with Mg^(2+).This competition weakens Mg^(2+)-solvent interactions,yielding a more labile solvation structure and enhanced desolvation kinetics.As a result,Mg||Mg cells employing the optimized MBF/1D1T electrolyte(DME:THF=1:1,v:v)exhibit a significantly reduced Mg plating/stripping overpotential of 120 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),compared with 316 mV at 8 mA cm^(-2)with MBF/DME,along with exceptional cycling stability exceeding 1200 h.Furthermore,representative sulfide cathodes such as CuS and VS_(4)demonstrate faster activation and improved high-rate performance in the presence of MBF/1D1T.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.展开更多
In this study,a polymer acceptor named BT-Cl with a“bridging”structure,which contained a benzodithiophene unit analogous to that of donor D18,and cyano(CN)groups and heterocyclic structures similar to those in accep...In this study,a polymer acceptor named BT-Cl with a“bridging”structure,which contained a benzodithiophene unit analogous to that of donor D18,and cyano(CN)groups and heterocyclic structures similar to those in acceptor N3,was synthesized.The“bridging”structure ensured good compatibility of BT-Cl with both D18 and N3,and effectively helped to reduce the large phase separation size of D18/N3 binary blend film when added as a third component.Meanwhile,the addition of BT-Cl to the D18/N3 blend can improve the crystallinity and enhance the light absorption efficiency to some extent.The“bridging”structure also resulted higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy level of BT-Cl than that of N3,which effectively improve the open-circuit voltage(VOC)of the ternary device and consequently the power conversion efficiency(PCE).This work showed that the polymer with“bridging”structure as the third component was an effective strategy to decrease the large phase separation size.展开更多
Abuse of chloramphenicol(CAP)could cause serious side effects to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to detect CAP residues in animal sourced food effectively.Here,the superiority(better stability,higher Apt-CAP lo...Abuse of chloramphenicol(CAP)could cause serious side effects to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to detect CAP residues in animal sourced food effectively.Here,the superiority(better stability,higher Apt-CAP loading efficiency,and higher CAP binding associated conformational change,etc.)of tetrahedral structure to double-chained structure for developing aptasensor was evaluated.Then,a self-assembled DNA tetrahedral structure-based electrochemical aptasensor targeting CAP was developed.Under the optimized conditions,the aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity toward CAP with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.0676 ng/m L(linear range 0.19-387.76 ng/m L),and high selectivity against the structural analogs of CAP.Moreover,the recovery rate of CAP from spiked milk samples ranged from 100.57%to 101.69%,and only USD 1.34 is needed for detecting CAP in 1 sample.These results suggested the application potential of this aptasesor for detecting CAP in animal sourced foods.展开更多
The emergence of precision electronic devices and wearable electronic products urgently requires high-performance multifunctional electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers to meet the applicability and versatility in various...The emergence of precision electronic devices and wearable electronic products urgently requires high-performance multifunctional electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers to meet the applicability and versatility in various applications.Herein,a dual-network(DN)gel was successfully prepared using acrylamide and sodium lignosulphonate as the basic units by simple chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking methods.Specifically,the hydrogel forms two types of cross-linking networks through metal coordination and hydrogen bonding.Benefiting from the combined effects of dipole polarization and conductivity loss,the gel achieves an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.74 GHz at a thickness of only 1.89 mm,demonstrating excellent EMW absorption performance.In addition,this unique structural configuration endows the EMW absorber with multifunctional features,such as remarkable tensile strength,good environmental compatibility,ultraviolet(UV)resistance,and excellent adhesion.Integrating multiple functional features into the EMW gels displays a broad application prospect in a variety of application scenarios.This research reveals the significance of DN structure design in the electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance of gel-based materials,providing a substantial foundation for the multifunctional design of gel-based absorbers.展开更多
The Kumkol Basin,situated in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,provides a unique window into understanding the dynamic mechanisms driving the plateau’s northern expansion.However,its formation and tec...The Kumkol Basin,situated in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,provides a unique window into understanding the dynamic mechanisms driving the plateau’s northern expansion.However,its formation and tectonic evolution remain poorly understood due to limited geophysical data in this region.In this study,we computed cross-correlations for the TT components of station-pairs with high signal-to-noise ratios to extract Love wave waveforms and further performed Lovewave ambient noise tomography to image the upper crustal shear-wave velocity structure of the Kumkol basin down to 10 km depth.Our seismic velocity model reveals that the Kumkol Basin has a sedimentary thickness exceeding 8 km,with its center located near the Arka Mountain on the southern side.This suggests that the basin was likely formed as a foreland basin in response to the uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain to the north.Additionally,integrated with seismic reflection data,our seismic velocity model images a detachment fault at the basin basement depth.We inferred that the Kumkol Anticlinorium at the basin’s center have been produced by multiple thrust faults converging into this detachment fault at 8–10 km depth following the Early to Middle Miocene uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain.This structural configuration indicates pulsed basinward deformation since the late Miocene,likely reflecting a tectonic regime shift from extrusion to distributed shortening in the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Our findings provide a high-resolution velocity model of the Kumkol Basin,offering critical insights into its structural evolution and supporting future resource exploration in this underexplored region.展开更多
The Urumqi foreland thrust tectonic belt exhibits complex geological structures and strong seismicity.Imaging its shallow crustal structure is of great significance for understanding its tectonic mechanism and seismog...The Urumqi foreland thrust tectonic belt exhibits complex geological structures and strong seismicity.Imaging its shallow crustal structure is of great significance for understanding its tectonic mechanism and seismogenic environment.We obtained a high-resolution S-wave velocity model of the shallow crust at depths of 0–8 km using ambient noise tomography applied to data from a dense seismic array.Sediments are generally thinner in the southeast and thicker in the northwest,with a maximum thickness of more than 8 km.Variations in the velocity structure near the Xishan,Wanyaogou,and Yamalike faults indicate that their formation was related to differences in the physical properties on either side of the fault.In addition,the faults exhibit thrusting of the low-velocity sides towards the high-velocity sides.In the study area,earthquakes rarely occur at depths of less than 3 km and are mostly concentrated in the high-velocity zone in the southern part.Below 3 km depth,more earthquakes were observed,mainly distributed near faults or in relatively high-velocity areas in the southern part.This suggests that high-velocity structures are more prone to stress accumulation,resulting in earthquakes.At 6–8 km depth,the densely distributed earthquakes in the northwestern part of the Bogda mountains are well-aligned with the northwest-oriented low-velocity zone observed in this study,suggesting that this weak zone likely controls seismicity in this area.展开更多
Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible s...Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS_(2)via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K^(+)diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g^(-1)at 10 Ag^(-1))and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g^(-1)).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K^(+)adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.展开更多
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374181)+1 种基金BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(Grant No.2024YCXZ017)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing institute of technology under Grant No.2022CX01025。
文摘In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.
基金Doctoral Startup Fund(20192066,20212028)Laijin Excellent Doctoral Fund(20202021)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(2020L0342)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021222178)。
文摘SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12372152)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011819,2024A1515012469)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023MA058)。
文摘The core-shell structure in bulk TiNb binary alloy was designed and studied by phase-field simulations,where various core-shell structures were obtained by precise control of the initial and boundary conditions of the TiNb binary alloy system during spinodal decomposition,and then the formation mechanism of core-shell structure was revealed.In addition,the influences of initial temperature gradient,average temperature,and initial concentration distribution of the system on the core-shell structure were investigated.Results show that the initial concentration gradient is the key factor for forming the core-shell structure.Besides,larger initial temperature gradient and higher average temperature can promote the formation of core-shell structure,which can be stabilized by adjusting the initial concentration distribution of the Nb-rich region in TiNb binary alloy.As a theoretical basis,this research provides a novel and simple strategy for the preparation of TiNb-based alloys and other materials with peculiar core-shell structures and desirable mechanical and physical properties.
文摘5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(H_(2)DTNB)was employed as the second ligand to react with cucurbit[6]uril(Q[6])and Cd(NO_(3))_(2),and it was deprotonated or transformed into HDTNB^(-),TNB^(2-)and NSB^(2-)(H_(2)TNB=5,5'-thiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid),H_(2)NSB=2-nitro-5-sulfobenzoic acid)under different conditions to afford three novel supramolecular assemblies with the formulas of[Cd(H_(2)O)_(4)(Q[6])](HDTNB)_(2)·3H_(2)O(1),[Cd(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(2)(TNB)_(2)·Q[6]·4H_(2)O(2)and[Cd(H_(2)O)_(5)(NSB)]_(2)·Q[6](3).Singe-crystal diffraction(SC-XRD)analysis revealed that assembly 1 is constructed from 2D[Cd(H_(2)O)_(4)(Q[6])]2+supramolecular layers and HDTNB^(-)supra molecular layers,the structure of assembly 2 is comprised of the 2D{[Cd(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(2)·Q[6]}^(4+)supramolecular layers and 1D TNB^(2-)supramolecular chains,while assembly 3 is built from the 3D Q[6]frameworks with[Cd(H_(2)O)_(5)(NSB)]supramolecular chains filled in the pores.Meanwhile,the noncovalent interactions between the ligands HDTNB^(-)/TNB^(2-)/NSB^(2-)and the outer-surface of Q[6]molecules contributed greatly to the formation of the supramolecular architecture of assemblies 1-3.CCDC:2522253,1;2522254,2;2522255,3.
文摘Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.
文摘AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser diodes(LDs)face performance challenges due to elec-tron leakage and poor hole injection which is often worsened by polarization effects from conventional elec-tron blocking layers(EBLs).To overcome these limitations,we propose an EBL-free DUV LD design incor-porating a 1-nm undoped Al_(0.8)Ga_(0.2)N thin strip layer after the last quantum barrier.Using PICS3D simula-tions,we evaluate the optical and electrical characteristics.Results show a significant increase in effective electron barrier height(from 158.2 meV to 420.7 meV)and a reduction in hole barrier height(from 149.2 meV to 62.8 meV),which enhance hole injection and reduce electron leakage.The optimized structure(LD3)achieves a 14%increase in output power,improved slope efficiency(1.85 W/A),and lower threshold current.This design also reduces the quantum confined Stark effect and forms dual hole accumulation regions,im-proving recombination efficiency.
文摘Anchovies are key forage species in coastal and pelagic food webs,playing crucial ecological and commercial roles in marine ecosystems.Encrasicholina punctifer is a commercially and ecologically important species,yet little is known about its osteological development characteristics.Understanding these ontogenetic patterns is essential for explaining phylogenetic relationships within Clupeiformes,informing larval identification in ichthyoplankton surveys,and enhancing aquaculture practices.This study describes the ontogenetic characteristics of the appendicular and median skeletons and fin supports in E.punctifer larvae and juveniles,providing quantitative ontogenetic timelines to address gaps in engraulid developmental biology and contribute to teleost ontogeny research.Larval and juvenile specimens of E.punctifer;size range:3.00-34.56 mm standard length(SL)and notochord length(NL)collected from the Philippine Sea were processed using the standard Alizarin red and Alcian blue clearing-and-staining technique to differentiate ossified and cartilaginous elements.Specimens were examined under a stereo microscope and imaged with an HTC1600ISP digital camera for detailed morphological analysis of skeletal structures.Caudal complex development was evident by 5.55 mm NL,with the initial appearance of cartilaginous hypurals 1–2 and parhypural,followed by Hy3–5 at 6.08 mm NL.Cartilaginous Hy6 was visible by 9.58 mm SL in postflexion larvae.Six hypural bones were present from the postflexion to juvenile stage.Principal fin rays formed via intramembranous ossification at 6.32 mm NL,and segmentation was evident by 10.24 mm SL.Neural arch 1 appeared at 7.38 mm NL,preceding full haemal arch development.Uroneurals 1–2 and ural centra ossified by 9.58 mm SL,with Hy5 detached from U1 at 10.24 mm SL.Preural centra ossified before the arches.Epurals 1 and 2 were evident by 10.24 mm SL.Dorsal fin proximal radials developed anteriorly and distal radials posteriorly.Pectoral fin development initiated with an ossified cleithrum and the coracoscapular cartilage at 5.25 mm NL.By 10.24 mm SL,cartilaginous neural and haemal arches and spines were distinct.Uroneural 1 initially develops as cartilage.The formation of a pleurostyle aligns with clupeoid fish skeletal ontogeny.Dorsal and anal fin development follows a distinctive pattern,with variability in fin support development.Our results reveal accelerated caudal complex formation in E.punctifer and contribute new knowledge on the osteological characteristics of the genus Encrasicholina,and aid in understanding larval and juvenile ontogeny of marine teleosts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32401409)the Central Government’s Special Fund for National Key Protected Wildlife Conservation Projects in Yinchuan City(HXCG-ZC2023148,XZ-2024-16)。
文摘Habitat loss driven by land-use change is a major factor shaping the dynamics of urban bird community structures.However,the potential mechanisms by which the spatial configuration and composition of blue-green infrastructure,recognized as biodiversity hotspots in urban landscapes,influence urban bird beta diversity remain insufficiently understood.This study was conducted in the built-up area of Yinchuan,an internationally recognized wetland city in Northwest China.From December 2023 to June 2024,we systematically surveyed bird communities during both the breeding and wintering periods across 29 blue-green space mosaics.We quantified taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity,along with their turnover component and nestedness-resultant component,based on both pairwise beta diversity and multiple-site beta diversity.We further assessed the relative importance of landscape variables and spatial geographic distance in shaping beta diversity patterns and used hierarchical modeling of species communities(HMSC)to explore the responses of bird occurrence and functional traits to landscape variables.Our results revealed that species turnover was the dominant driver of taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.Seasonal differences were observed in the effects of spatial geographic distance and landscape structure on beta diversity and its components,with landscape variables showing higher explanatory power than geographic isolation.In the breeding period,landscape diversity and waterbody area had positive effects on bird occurrence,whereas in the wintering period,most landscape features—except for landscape diversity—exerted neutral or negative influences.Regarding functional traits,we found that reproductive traits,flight ability,and foraging characteristics responded significantly to landscape structure,and that some small-bodied species active in aerial and canopy layers were more adaptable to habitat fragmentation.This study provides novel insights into the assembly processes and driving mechanisms of urban bird communities and offers scientific support for the notion that designing and maintaining blue-green infrastructure can contribute to urban biodiversity conservation.
基金funded by State Key Laboratory of MicroSpacecraft Rapid Design and Intelligent Cluster,China(No.MS01240104)the Youth Program of the Self-Innovation Science Fund,China(No.ZK2023-41)from the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)China and the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(No.CX20240155)。
文摘In the conceptual design phase of the satellite thermal management system,components layout optimization and structural topology optimization of satellite panel can meet global and local thermal management requirements,respectively.However,achieving non-interfering coupling between these two optimization processes remains a challenge.An integrated layout-structure design method based on thermal metamaterials is proposed,which comprises two design stages.In the first stage,components layout optimization is conducted to maximize temperature uniformity within the satellite module,yielding a globally optimized layout with balanced thermal characteristics.In the second stage,topology optimization guided by the design principle of thermal metamaterials is implemented in critical local panel regions to satisfy differentiated heat transfer requirements of components with diverse functional and thermal sensitivity properties.The key innovation lies in utilizing thermal metamaterials as a mediator to synergistically couple global components layout optimization with local structural topology optimization,which enables customized local heat flux manipulation without interfering with the globally optimized temperature field derived from the layout optimization.The method introduces neither additional mass nor special materials,offering advantages of low cost,high reliability,and strong versatility.It provides a new solution paradigm for the design of passive thermal management systems in satellites.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0300900)the National Key Fundamental Research Project of China(No.2012CB619506-3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51171209)。
文摘Texture and grain structure evolution during annealing and their effects on tensile strength and anisotropy were studied using XRD,DSC,SEM,EBSD and TEM.The results indicate that elevated rolling temperatures reduce the f(g)_(max(Copper))/f(g)_(max(Brass))ratio,increase S-Brass fine bands,and promote S-dispersoid precipitation,leading to finer recrystallized grains.Dominant recrystallization textures transform from Goss+P to Goss and then to Goss+Cube with increasing rolling temperature.Annealing at 350℃shows four tensile strength response stages:fast softening I,rapid strengthening II,slow strengthening III,and slow softening IV.The transition from Stages I to II is driven by the formation of strong Goss and P textures,and Stage IV is linked to enhanced Cube texture.Plates with Goss+Cube textures and fine equiaxed grains exhibit the lowest YS/UTS ratio and minimal anisotropy.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42202205)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2021QD072).-。
文摘The vertical heterogeneity of the pore structure in deep coal seams with varying ash yields is a key control for coalbed methane storage and producibility;however,its specific impact on gas adsorption is not clearly defined.The focus of this study is the No.8 coal seam of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin.By integrating microscopic identification,proximate analysis,gas adsorption(CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)),and the multifractal theory,we quantitatively characterized the nanopore structure(micropores<2 nm and mesopores 2 nm-100 nm)of coal reservoirs with varying ash yields.The results indicate that(1)ash yield is the primary factor that controls the vertical evolution of pore structures in coal seams.In low-ash yield coal seams,the extent of thermal evolution and ash yield jointly constrain the heterogeneity of pore size distribution.In mediumto high-ash yield coal seams,the heterogeneity of pore structure and pore size distribution are predominantly constrained by ash yield.(2)As the ash yield vertically increases,the mesoporous pore volume and specific surface area initially decrease and subsequently increase,while the contribution of micropores to both pore volume and specific surface area continuously diminishes.Consequently,the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal samples exhibit a two-stage reduction close to an ash yield threshold of approximately 20%.(3)Further,the Langmuir volume for CH_(4)adsorption sharply declines below the 20%threshold,followed by a gradual decrease;in contrast,the Langmuir pressure initially decreases and subsequently increases.Hence,the vertical increase in ash yield constrains the development of pore systems and diminishes pore connectivity,thereby reducing methane adsorption capacity and adversely affecting coalbed methane productivity.(4)Low-ash yield coal reservoirs are characterized by a rapid gas breakthrough and high productivity,whereas medium-ash yield coal reservoirs generally require prolonged depressurization to achieve peak gas production.These findings reveal that in medium-high rank coal,ash yield―and not thermal evolution―is the main factor that controls vertical pore evolution and methane adsorption efficiency.The quantitative ash yield threshold(20%)established in this study provides a practical criterion for evaluating reservoir quality and predicting vertical variations in gas storage potential in the Ordos Basin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.52222211 and 52472209)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(Grant No.SKL-MCE-23A05)+1 种基金“333”Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Magnesium batteries are attracting growing interest as next-generation energy storage technology due to their high safety,cost-effectiveness,and resource abundance.However,their development remains limited by sluggish Mg^(2+)transport kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Herein,we propose an electrolyte design strategy that modulates the Mg^(2+)solvation structure by introducing tetrahydrofuran(THF)as a co-solvent into a borate-based electrolyte,Mg[B(hfip)_(4)](MBF)in dimethoxyethane(DME).THF,selected from a series of linear and cyclic ethers,has a comparable dielectric constant and donor number to DME,but its cyclic structure introduces steric hindrance that induces competitive coordination with Mg^(2+).This competition weakens Mg^(2+)-solvent interactions,yielding a more labile solvation structure and enhanced desolvation kinetics.As a result,Mg||Mg cells employing the optimized MBF/1D1T electrolyte(DME:THF=1:1,v:v)exhibit a significantly reduced Mg plating/stripping overpotential of 120 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),compared with 316 mV at 8 mA cm^(-2)with MBF/DME,along with exceptional cycling stability exceeding 1200 h.Furthermore,representative sulfide cathodes such as CuS and VS_(4)demonstrate faster activation and improved high-rate performance in the presence of MBF/1D1T.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2412093 and 52170068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT24RC(3)079).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203024)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022QE135)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial University(No.2023KJ330)the Major Scientific Research Project for the Construction of State Key Lab(No.2025ZDGZ02)the Doctoral Research Foundation of SWUST(No.22zx7129)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China(No.2024NSFSC2006).
文摘In this study,a polymer acceptor named BT-Cl with a“bridging”structure,which contained a benzodithiophene unit analogous to that of donor D18,and cyano(CN)groups and heterocyclic structures similar to those in acceptor N3,was synthesized.The“bridging”structure ensured good compatibility of BT-Cl with both D18 and N3,and effectively helped to reduce the large phase separation size of D18/N3 binary blend film when added as a third component.Meanwhile,the addition of BT-Cl to the D18/N3 blend can improve the crystallinity and enhance the light absorption efficiency to some extent.The“bridging”structure also resulted higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)energy level of BT-Cl than that of N3,which effectively improve the open-circuit voltage(VOC)of the ternary device and consequently the power conversion efficiency(PCE).This work showed that the polymer with“bridging”structure as the third component was an effective strategy to decrease the large phase separation size.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(82174531)the Medicine and Health Science Technology Development Project of Shandong Province,China(202212060626).
文摘Abuse of chloramphenicol(CAP)could cause serious side effects to human health.Therefore,it is necessary to detect CAP residues in animal sourced food effectively.Here,the superiority(better stability,higher Apt-CAP loading efficiency,and higher CAP binding associated conformational change,etc.)of tetrahedral structure to double-chained structure for developing aptasensor was evaluated.Then,a self-assembled DNA tetrahedral structure-based electrochemical aptasensor targeting CAP was developed.Under the optimized conditions,the aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity toward CAP with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.0676 ng/m L(linear range 0.19-387.76 ng/m L),and high selectivity against the structural analogs of CAP.Moreover,the recovery rate of CAP from spiked milk samples ranged from 100.57%to 101.69%,and only USD 1.34 is needed for detecting CAP in 1 sample.These results suggested the application potential of this aptasesor for detecting CAP in animal sourced foods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52231007,51872238,52074227,and 21806129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.3102018zy045,3102019AX11,and 5000220455)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2017JQ5116 and 2020JM-118).
文摘The emergence of precision electronic devices and wearable electronic products urgently requires high-performance multifunctional electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers to meet the applicability and versatility in various applications.Herein,a dual-network(DN)gel was successfully prepared using acrylamide and sodium lignosulphonate as the basic units by simple chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking methods.Specifically,the hydrogel forms two types of cross-linking networks through metal coordination and hydrogen bonding.Benefiting from the combined effects of dipole polarization and conductivity loss,the gel achieves an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.74 GHz at a thickness of only 1.89 mm,demonstrating excellent EMW absorption performance.In addition,this unique structural configuration endows the EMW absorber with multifunctional features,such as remarkable tensile strength,good environmental compatibility,ultraviolet(UV)resistance,and excellent adhesion.Integrating multiple functional features into the EMW gels displays a broad application prospect in a variety of application scenarios.This research reveals the significance of DN structure design in the electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance of gel-based materials,providing a substantial foundation for the multifunctional design of gel-based absorbers.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42274066),the Second Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019Q ZKK0701).
文摘The Kumkol Basin,situated in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,provides a unique window into understanding the dynamic mechanisms driving the plateau’s northern expansion.However,its formation and tectonic evolution remain poorly understood due to limited geophysical data in this region.In this study,we computed cross-correlations for the TT components of station-pairs with high signal-to-noise ratios to extract Love wave waveforms and further performed Lovewave ambient noise tomography to image the upper crustal shear-wave velocity structure of the Kumkol basin down to 10 km depth.Our seismic velocity model reveals that the Kumkol Basin has a sedimentary thickness exceeding 8 km,with its center located near the Arka Mountain on the southern side.This suggests that the basin was likely formed as a foreland basin in response to the uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain to the north.Additionally,integrated with seismic reflection data,our seismic velocity model images a detachment fault at the basin basement depth.We inferred that the Kumkol Anticlinorium at the basin’s center have been produced by multiple thrust faults converging into this detachment fault at 8–10 km depth following the Early to Middle Miocene uplift of the Qiman Tagh Mountain.This structural configuration indicates pulsed basinward deformation since the late Miocene,likely reflecting a tectonic regime shift from extrusion to distributed shortening in the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Our findings provide a high-resolution velocity model of the Kumkol Basin,offering critical insights into its structural evolution and supporting future resource exploration in this underexplored region.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2020B03006-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42304069,and 42102275).
文摘The Urumqi foreland thrust tectonic belt exhibits complex geological structures and strong seismicity.Imaging its shallow crustal structure is of great significance for understanding its tectonic mechanism and seismogenic environment.We obtained a high-resolution S-wave velocity model of the shallow crust at depths of 0–8 km using ambient noise tomography applied to data from a dense seismic array.Sediments are generally thinner in the southeast and thicker in the northwest,with a maximum thickness of more than 8 km.Variations in the velocity structure near the Xishan,Wanyaogou,and Yamalike faults indicate that their formation was related to differences in the physical properties on either side of the fault.In addition,the faults exhibit thrusting of the low-velocity sides towards the high-velocity sides.In the study area,earthquakes rarely occur at depths of less than 3 km and are mostly concentrated in the high-velocity zone in the southern part.Below 3 km depth,more earthquakes were observed,mainly distributed near faults or in relatively high-velocity areas in the southern part.This suggests that high-velocity structures are more prone to stress accumulation,resulting in earthquakes.At 6–8 km depth,the densely distributed earthquakes in the northwestern part of the Bogda mountains are well-aligned with the northwest-oriented low-velocity zone observed in this study,suggesting that this weak zone likely controls seismicity in this area.
基金financially supported by the supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024MB108)Taishan Young Scholar Program(tsqn202312312)Excellent Young Scholars of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-112)。
文摘Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS_(2)via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K^(+)diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g^(-1)at 10 Ag^(-1))and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g^(-1)).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K^(+)adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.
