1 Introduction The huize Zn-Pb ore district in Yunnan province is locatedinthecentralsouthernofthe Sichuan—Yunnan—GuizhouPb-ZnPoly-metallic Mineralization Area in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,and is ...1 Introduction The huize Zn-Pb ore district in Yunnan province is locatedinthecentralsouthernofthe Sichuan—Yunnan—GuizhouPb-ZnPoly-metallic Mineralization Area in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,and is strictly controlled by fault structures.It has developed to one of the famous production bases of lead&zinc and germanium in China.展开更多
A very fast simulated annealing（VFSA） global optimization is used to interpret residual gravity anomaly.Since,VFSA optimization yields a large number of best-fitted models in a vast model space;the nature of uncerta...A very fast simulated annealing（VFSA） global optimization is used to interpret residual gravity anomaly.Since,VFSA optimization yields a large number of best-fitted models in a vast model space;the nature of uncertainty in the interpretation is also examined simultaneously in the present study.The results of VFSA optimization reveal that various parameters show a number of equivalent solutions when shape of the target body is not known and shape factor ＇q＇ is also optimized together with other model parameters.The study reveals that amplitude coefficient k is strongly dependent on shape factor.This shows that there is a multi-model type uncertainty between these two model parameters derived from the analysis of cross-plots.However,the appraised values of shape factor from various VFSA runs clearly indicate whether the subsurface structure is sphere,horizontal or vertical cylinder type structure.Accordingly,the exact shape factor（1.5 for sphere,1.0 for horizontal cylinder and 0.5 for vertical cylinder）is fixed and optimization process is repeated.After fixing the shape factor,analysis of uncertainty and cross-plots shows a well-defined uni-model characteristic.The mean model computed after fixing the shape factor gives the utmost consistent results.Inversion of noise-free and noisy synthetic data as well as field data demonstrates the efficacy of the approach.展开更多
The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and cro...The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and crop wetland(CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0–20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW(91.0%) > TW(88.1%) > CW(53.5%). Generic richness(GR) was lower in the TW(16) than that in GW(23) and CW(25). The combination of enrichment index(EI) and structure index(SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity(H′), Evenness(J′), Richness(GR) and modified maturity index(MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties(p H, Electric conductivity(EC), Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen(N-NO3–)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.展开更多
Recently,heteroanionic materials have been drawing wide attention due to their unique crystal structures which result in fascinating physical properties.However,reports on structural exploration and functional applica...Recently,heteroanionic materials have been drawing wide attention due to their unique crystal structures which result in fascinating physical properties.However,reports on structural exploration and functional application of lone-pair-cation-based oxychalcogenides are still very rare.In this work,a new Sb-based oxysulfide,Ba_(6)Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13),was successfully obtained via a high-temperature solid-phase method.Ba_(6)Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13)belongs to the monoclinic space group of P2_(1)/c(no.14)and is formed by charge-balanced Ba^(2+)cations and zero-dimensional(0D)[Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13)]^(12−)finite chains made of the triangular-pyramid[SbOS_(2)],quadrangular-pyramid[SbOS_(3)]and teeter-totter[SbS_(4)]units by sharing vertices.Note that the coexistence of various Sb-coordinated fashions in one material is surprisingly found for the first time.More encouragingly,such a unique 0D structure in Ba_(6)Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13)leads to an ultra-low thermal conduc-tivity of 0.25 W m^(−1)K^(−1)at 700 K(one of the lowest values seen in a crystalline material)and a giant bire-fringence of 0.66 at 2050 nm(the highest value among metal chalcogenides reported thus far),which is further confirmed using theoretical calculations.As a result,this work will inspire intriguing and further research on heteroanionic materials with low-dimensional structures and hold great potential for their utilization in the photothermal field.展开更多
Sodium-ion battery technology is a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for low-cost and large-scale energy storage applications.The larger size of the Na-ion relative to the Li-ion imposes kinetic limitatio...Sodium-ion battery technology is a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for low-cost and large-scale energy storage applications.The larger size of the Na-ion relative to the Li-ion imposes kinetic limitations and often results in sluggish Na-ion diffusion.It is a great necessity to explore prominent structural features of materials to overcome the limitations and improve the diffusion.Layered MoS_(2)has an ideal two-dimensional diffusion pathway because of the weak van der Waals interaction between the layers.However,the limited gallery height of 0.3 nm is insufficient to achieve fast Na-ion diffusion.A facile hydrothermal route at medium-ranged temperatures is reported in this work to obtain interlayer expanded MoS_(2)nanosheets.The interlayer spacing is greatly expanded to 1 nm and facilitates Na-ion insertion and extraction in the van der Waals gaps.The nanosheet morphology shortens the Na-ion diffusion distance from the lateral side.The interlayer expanded MoS_(2)nanosheets are used as sodium-ion battery anodes in the voltage window of 0.5-2.8 V,where intercalation reaction contributes to Na storage and the layered structure can be preserved.The nanosheets exhibit a high cycling stability by retaining 92%of the initial charge capacity after 100 cycles and a great rate capability of 43 mA h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1).Kinetics study reveals a significant alleviation of diffusional limitation,verifying the improved Na-ion diffusion and enhanced Na storage.The presented work explores the utilization of the van der Waals gaps to store ions and sheds light on designing two-dimensional materials in other energy systems.展开更多
The exploration and discovery of new POM species with novel structural motifs are core prerequisites and permanent missions in the field of POM chemistry.It has been nearly 30 years since the first butterflyshaped And...The exploration and discovery of new POM species with novel structural motifs are core prerequisites and permanent missions in the field of POM chemistry.It has been nearly 30 years since the first butterflyshaped Anderson-type hetreopolyanions with a centred pentavalent Sb atom,[Sb(OH)_(2)Mo_(6)O_(22)]^(5-),named as the β isomer,was discovered in 1988.Yet the corresponding β isomers with a lower valence metal as the central heteroatom and its triol-functionalized organic derivatives have never been obtained.Herein,for the first time,two novel triol-functionalized butterfly-shaped heteropolyanions,β-{Cr[RC(CH_(2)O)_(3)]_(2)Mo_(6)O_(18)}^(3-)(R=NH_(2),1;C_(2)H_(5),2),were synthesized by the reaction of common flat Anderson-type POM,α-[Cr(OH)_(6)Mo_(6)O_(18)]^(3-),and triol ligands in hot DMF.Single crystal XRD analysis reveals that β-{Cr[RC(CH_(2)O)_(3)]_(2)Mo_(6)O_(18)}^(3-)is the first triol-functionalized β isomer of common α-type Anderson POMs.This study will enrich the family of POMs and provide an oportunity for the discovery of more potential POMs-based organic–inorganic hybrid materials.展开更多
Graphene grids exhibit exceptional loading capacity for macromolecules,single atoms,and nanoparticles,offering significant potential for exploring the structure and properties of various materials at the nanoscale.How...Graphene grids exhibit exceptional loading capacity for macromolecules,single atoms,and nanoparticles,offering significant potential for exploring the structure and properties of various materials at the nanoscale.However,challenges such as carbon film rupture,contamination,and uneven graphene film coverage frequently occur during grid fabrication.Here wepropose a dual-stage deep learning model integrating U-Net and an enhanced YOLO11 architecture,enabling efficient and accurate defect detection and graphene coverage quantification.A tailored data augmentation strategy expanded the initial defect dataset by more than an order of magnitude,which directly contributed to an overall 11.72%improvement across the model’s performance metrics.With the integration of the multi-scale convolutional attention(MSCA)module and the slicing-aided hyper inference(SAHI)method,the model achieved a 0.67%mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),while reducing the average detection time from 26.6 to 0.1 min per image.The proposed model holds strong potential for extension to various material characterization image analysis tasks,providing a scalable strategy for high-throughput image processing that bridges fundamental research with industrialscale applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Funds for the program of the National Natural Science Foundation (Noes. 41572060, U1133602)Projects of YM Lab (2011)Innovation Team of Yunnan province and KMUST (2008,2012)
文摘1 Introduction The huize Zn-Pb ore district in Yunnan province is locatedinthecentralsouthernofthe Sichuan—Yunnan—GuizhouPb-ZnPoly-metallic Mineralization Area in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,and is strictly controlled by fault structures.It has developed to one of the famous production bases of lead&zinc and germanium in China.
文摘A very fast simulated annealing（VFSA） global optimization is used to interpret residual gravity anomaly.Since,VFSA optimization yields a large number of best-fitted models in a vast model space;the nature of uncertainty in the interpretation is also examined simultaneously in the present study.The results of VFSA optimization reveal that various parameters show a number of equivalent solutions when shape of the target body is not known and shape factor ＇q＇ is also optimized together with other model parameters.The study reveals that amplitude coefficient k is strongly dependent on shape factor.This shows that there is a multi-model type uncertainty between these two model parameters derived from the analysis of cross-plots.However,the appraised values of shape factor from various VFSA runs clearly indicate whether the subsurface structure is sphere,horizontal or vertical cylinder type structure.Accordingly,the exact shape factor（1.5 for sphere,1.0 for horizontal cylinder and 0.5 for vertical cylinder）is fixed and optimization process is repeated.After fixing the shape factor,analysis of uncertainty and cross-plots shows a well-defined uni-model characteristic.The mean model computed after fixing the shape factor gives the utmost consistent results.Inversion of noise-free and noisy synthetic data as well as field data demonstrates the efficacy of the approach.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2009CB421302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670375,41201245)
文摘The first account of the effects of wetland reclamation on soil nematode assemblages were provided, three sites in Heihe River Basin of Northwest China, that is grass wetland(GW), Tamarix chinensis wetland(TW) and crop wetland(CW) treatments, were compared. Results showed that the majority of soil nematodes were presented in the 0–20 cm soil layers in CW treatments, followed by in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm layers in GW treatments. Plant-feeding nametodes were the most abundant trophic groups in each treatment, where GW(91.0%) > TW(88.1%) > CW(53.5%). Generic richness(GR) was lower in the TW(16) than that in GW(23) and CW(25). The combination of enrichment index(EI) and structure index(SI) showed that the soil food web in GW was more structured, and those in TW was stressed, while the enrichment soil food web was presented in the CW treatment. Several ecological indices which reflected soil community structure, diversity, Shannon-Weaver diversity(H′), Evenness(J′), Richness(GR) and modified maturity index(MMI) were found to be effective for assessing the response of soil namatode communities to soil of saline wetland reclamation. Furthermore, saline wetland reclamation also exerted great influence on the soil physical and chemical properties(p H, Electric conductivity(EC), Total organic carbon(TOC), Total nitrogen(Total-N) and Nitrate Nitrogen(N-NO3–)). These results indicated that the wetland reclamation had significantly effects on soil nematode community structure and soil properties in this study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22175175)the Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZR118)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022L3092).
文摘Recently,heteroanionic materials have been drawing wide attention due to their unique crystal structures which result in fascinating physical properties.However,reports on structural exploration and functional application of lone-pair-cation-based oxychalcogenides are still very rare.In this work,a new Sb-based oxysulfide,Ba_(6)Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13),was successfully obtained via a high-temperature solid-phase method.Ba_(6)Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13)belongs to the monoclinic space group of P2_(1)/c(no.14)and is formed by charge-balanced Ba^(2+)cations and zero-dimensional(0D)[Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13)]^(12−)finite chains made of the triangular-pyramid[SbOS_(2)],quadrangular-pyramid[SbOS_(3)]and teeter-totter[SbS_(4)]units by sharing vertices.Note that the coexistence of various Sb-coordinated fashions in one material is surprisingly found for the first time.More encouragingly,such a unique 0D structure in Ba_(6)Sb_(6)O_(2)S_(13)leads to an ultra-low thermal conduc-tivity of 0.25 W m^(−1)K^(−1)at 700 K(one of the lowest values seen in a crystalline material)and a giant bire-fringence of 0.66 at 2050 nm(the highest value among metal chalcogenides reported thus far),which is further confirmed using theoretical calculations.As a result,this work will inspire intriguing and further research on heteroanionic materials with low-dimensional structures and hold great potential for their utilization in the photothermal field.
基金European Research Council(ThreeDsurface,240144 and HiNaPc,737616)German Research Foundation(DFG:LE2249/4-1 and LE2249/5-1)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21577086)Shanghai Thousand Talent Plan。
文摘Sodium-ion battery technology is a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for low-cost and large-scale energy storage applications.The larger size of the Na-ion relative to the Li-ion imposes kinetic limitations and often results in sluggish Na-ion diffusion.It is a great necessity to explore prominent structural features of materials to overcome the limitations and improve the diffusion.Layered MoS_(2)has an ideal two-dimensional diffusion pathway because of the weak van der Waals interaction between the layers.However,the limited gallery height of 0.3 nm is insufficient to achieve fast Na-ion diffusion.A facile hydrothermal route at medium-ranged temperatures is reported in this work to obtain interlayer expanded MoS_(2)nanosheets.The interlayer spacing is greatly expanded to 1 nm and facilitates Na-ion insertion and extraction in the van der Waals gaps.The nanosheet morphology shortens the Na-ion diffusion distance from the lateral side.The interlayer expanded MoS_(2)nanosheets are used as sodium-ion battery anodes in the voltage window of 0.5-2.8 V,where intercalation reaction contributes to Na storage and the layered structure can be preserved.The nanosheets exhibit a high cycling stability by retaining 92%of the initial charge capacity after 100 cycles and a great rate capability of 43 mA h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1).Kinetics study reveals a significant alleviation of diffusional limitation,verifying the improved Na-ion diffusion and enhanced Na storage.The presented work explores the utilization of the van der Waals gaps to store ions and sheds light on designing two-dimensional materials in other energy systems.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.21471087,21225103,21631007 and 21221062)the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of ChinaTsinghua University Initiative Foundation Research Program(No.20131089204).
文摘The exploration and discovery of new POM species with novel structural motifs are core prerequisites and permanent missions in the field of POM chemistry.It has been nearly 30 years since the first butterflyshaped Anderson-type hetreopolyanions with a centred pentavalent Sb atom,[Sb(OH)_(2)Mo_(6)O_(22)]^(5-),named as the β isomer,was discovered in 1988.Yet the corresponding β isomers with a lower valence metal as the central heteroatom and its triol-functionalized organic derivatives have never been obtained.Herein,for the first time,two novel triol-functionalized butterfly-shaped heteropolyanions,β-{Cr[RC(CH_(2)O)_(3)]_(2)Mo_(6)O_(18)}^(3-)(R=NH_(2),1;C_(2)H_(5),2),were synthesized by the reaction of common flat Anderson-type POM,α-[Cr(OH)_(6)Mo_(6)O_(18)]^(3-),and triol ligands in hot DMF.Single crystal XRD analysis reveals that β-{Cr[RC(CH_(2)O)_(3)]_(2)Mo_(6)O_(18)}^(3-)is the first triol-functionalized β isomer of common α-type Anderson POMs.This study will enrich the family of POMs and provide an oportunity for the discovery of more potential POMs-based organic–inorganic hybrid materials.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB4709300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52130501,52505289)+1 种基金Zhejiang provincial teams of leading talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship(2024R01002)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(XKBF[2025]014,BQW[2024]010).
文摘Graphene grids exhibit exceptional loading capacity for macromolecules,single atoms,and nanoparticles,offering significant potential for exploring the structure and properties of various materials at the nanoscale.However,challenges such as carbon film rupture,contamination,and uneven graphene film coverage frequently occur during grid fabrication.Here wepropose a dual-stage deep learning model integrating U-Net and an enhanced YOLO11 architecture,enabling efficient and accurate defect detection and graphene coverage quantification.A tailored data augmentation strategy expanded the initial defect dataset by more than an order of magnitude,which directly contributed to an overall 11.72%improvement across the model’s performance metrics.With the integration of the multi-scale convolutional attention(MSCA)module and the slicing-aided hyper inference(SAHI)method,the model achieved a 0.67%mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),while reducing the average detection time from 26.6 to 0.1 min per image.The proposed model holds strong potential for extension to various material characterization image analysis tasks,providing a scalable strategy for high-throughput image processing that bridges fundamental research with industrialscale applications.
