Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detecti...Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.展开更多
During the underground mining of coal resources,overlying rocks on the roof of excavated tunnels will be destroyed due to ground pressure,and as a result,part of them will break and fall into the tunnels.How to determ...During the underground mining of coal resources,overlying rocks on the roof of excavated tunnels will be destroyed due to ground pressure,and as a result,part of them will break and fall into the tunnels.How to determine the distribution of fractured areas and fissures presents a major problem for preserving the overlying aquifer.展开更多
S&T development is the eternal theme of the CAS working priorities. The common goal of all the reforms now underway in the CAS system is to promote the S&T cause. As the external situation of the S&T devel...S&T development is the eternal theme of the CAS working priorities. The common goal of all the reforms now underway in the CAS system is to promote the S&T cause. As the external situation of the S&T development in China changes, it becomes necessary for the CAS to adopt counter-measures to respond accordingly. This article gives an overall exposition, ranging from a review of the significance of the current drive towards structural readjustment in the CAS, to its main contents, expected targets, principles and the selection of possible options, in addition to a number of concrete suggestions and tentative ideas aired by the author of this article for the on-going drive.Based on the deepening development of the current and full-scale reform drive in the Academy, the CAS leadership had put forward a plan for carrying out a structural readjustment program across the CAS system. To promote this new move, here I would like to offer some of my personal opinions and tentative ideas.展开更多
This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it poi...This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.展开更多
In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in th...In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in this paper,and a reasonable production process was proposed.Through the physical and mechanical properties and fire resistance testing and technical and economic analysis,the applicability of composite plywood was evaluated.The results of the study showed that the physical mechanics of the three kinds of composite structure plywood met the standard requirements,and their fire resistance was far better than that of ordinary plywood.Among them,the S1 structural board had the best overall physical and mechanical properties.The S3 structural board showed the best fire resistance,which was about 1.9 times more than that of ordinary plywood,and the added cost was the lowest.The thin cork board added to the S2 structural board had poor fire performance since the air in the cork board cavities had a certain combustion-supporting effect,which inhibited the fire resistance of high-pressure laminate(HPL)layer.Moreover,the additional cost of the S2 board was the highest,and its comprehensive performance was the worst.The S3 structural plywood product composed of HPL fireproof board with a thickness of about 1 mm in the surface layer and ordinary plywood with a thickness of about 12 mm in the core layer was the most cost-effective product,which could meet the needs of various fields such as construction,home furnishing,decoration and transportation.展开更多
Ever since the 1960s, especially 1980s, under the background of quickening pace of economic globalization and the regional division of labor around the world, the transfer of manufacturing industries among countries a...Ever since the 1960s, especially 1980s, under the background of quickening pace of economic globalization and the regional division of labor around the world, the transfer of manufacturing industries among countries and areas gets great momentum and impetus. During 20-plus years in which China has adopted the policy of opening-up and reforming, our country has played an active role in taking part in the transfer of manufacturing industries. It advances the structural change of national manufacturing industries, accelerates national industrialism and promotes the comprehensive development of regional economics. In this paper, the author makes some initial study on the regularity of transfer of International manufacturing industries, discusses the profound impact of such shift on our national resources, environment, economics and society, and also proposes corresponding suggestions on how to implement the strategy of sustainable development in the process of the shift.展开更多
By adopting the research method of documentary research, combining the related theory of development economics, and starting with the concept of community tourism, this paper brings forward the ＂Dual Structure＂ and ...By adopting the research method of documentary research, combining the related theory of development economics, and starting with the concept of community tourism, this paper brings forward the ＂Dual Structure＂ and the Kuznets Hypothesis of community tourism, and defines ＂the game theory＂ between the residents of community and tourists, as well as the increasing relationship between the per capita tourism income of community and the Geordie Modulus of community. Conclusively it puts forward the way of developing the tourism and community harmoniously, namely, taking the human as the dominant factor and being joined by the community.展开更多
The fast development of the Yangtze River Delta of China is closely related to the dense inflows of FDI. The clustering of the foreign capital in this region has brought new projects, technology and business skills, w...The fast development of the Yangtze River Delta of China is closely related to the dense inflows of FDI. The clustering of the foreign capital in this region has brought new projects, technology and business skills, which have given a strong impetus to the fast development of the regional economy and the upgrading of the economic structure. But the sustainability of FDI and its long-term influence have drawn a lot of attention. It is also a problem whether the slow-down of the FDI inflows or its flight will bring negative effect on the sustainable economic development of the Yangtze River Delta. In this paper, we will prove that the inflows of FDI are stable to some degree. It is unlikely that there will be a drastic large-scale FDI flight, so the so-called ＂migratory bird economy＂ will not occur. But the sustainable economic development in the Yangtze River Delta will depend on the continuity of the policies to attract FDI. What should be done includes the policy to promote the accumulation and circulation of the international capital to promote the sustainable development of the regional economy and market.展开更多
As of the end of 2009, the total installed capacity of Huaneng Group Corporation broke through 100 GW, thus, Huaneng Group became the largest power generation enterprise in the world.
Under the background of the financial crisis and the devaluation of the US dollar brought about by the continuous quantitative easing monetary policy of the Federal Reserve, China has proposed the internationalization...Under the background of the financial crisis and the devaluation of the US dollar brought about by the continuous quantitative easing monetary policy of the Federal Reserve, China has proposed the internationalization of RMB, and at the same time has launched a pilot project of RMB settlement for cross-border trade. It is not difficult to find that the scope and scale of RMB settlement for cross-border trade are gradually expanding under the impetus of financial development and other important factors. Therefore, this paper sorts out the relevant theoretical basis and analyzes the research status quo. On this basis, the paper selects the relevant data from 2016 to 2021 to measure the financial development from three aspects of scale, structure and efficiency. Under the condition of controlling the inflation rate, trade scale and RMB exchange rate, the paper conducts quantitative regression analysis on RMB settlement of cross-border trade, which proves that the financial development has a significant positive effect on RMB settlement of cross-border trade, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations.展开更多
The construction of a new socialist countryside is a strategic focus of future economic and social development of our country, including the construction of rural power grids under the new urbanization and development...The construction of a new socialist countryside is a strategic focus of future economic and social development of our country, including the construction of rural power grids under the new urbanization and development, it has played a crucial role in supporting and promoting. Due to historical reasons, China has not yet formed a sound and sustainable development of rural power system and management system. In order to meet the requirements under the new urbanization of rural construction, we provide a solid foundation for the development of new rural construction, and long-term development of rural electricity has become an urgent need to study the issue. At present, the reform in the field of rural electrification, rural power enterprise management, rural power system and other existing research we have conducted a preliminary study, but overall, the research in this area is still in the exploratory stage, we need a more systematic and in-depth research and discussion.展开更多
Hydrothermal treatment has been widely applied in the synthesis of well crystalline calcium silicate hydrate（CSH）, such as tobermorite and xonotlite. However, both morphology and crystallinity of CSH are greatly aff...Hydrothermal treatment has been widely applied in the synthesis of well crystalline calcium silicate hydrate（CSH）, such as tobermorite and xonotlite. However, both morphology and crystallinity of CSH are greatly affected by the conditions of hydrothermal treatment including siliceous materials, temperature increase rate and isothermal periods. In this study, the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the growth of nano-crystalline CSH was investigated based on XRD analysis. Results showed that siliceous materials with amorphous nature（i e, nano silica powder） are beneficial to synthesize pure amorphous CSH, while the use of more crystallized siliceous materials（i e, diatomite and quartz powder） leads to producing crystalline CSH. Results also indicate that the formation of tobermorite and xonotlite is greatly affected by the temperature rise rate during hydrothermal treatment.展开更多
Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface-attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be...Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface-attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be formed by a single bacterial strain. However, most natural biofilms are actually formed by multiple bacterial species. Conventional methods for bacterial cleaning, such as applications of antibiotics and/or disinfectants are often ineffective for biofilm populations due to their special physiology and physical matrix barrier. It has been estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year worldwide to deal with damage to equipment, contamina- tions of products, energy losses, and infections in human beings resulted from microbial biofilms. Microorganisms compete, cooperate, and communicate with each other in multi-species biofilms. Understanding the mechanisms of multi-species hiofilm formation will facilitate the development of methods for combating bacterial hiofilms in clinical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural areas. The most recent advances in the understanding of multi-species biofilms are summarized and discussed in the review.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to sift through examples of outstanding contributions made by Chinese human geography in terms of social applications and explain the basic concepts and theoretical methods explored by human g...The aim of this paper is to sift through examples of outstanding contributions made by Chinese human geography in terms of social applications and explain the basic concepts and theoretical methods explored by human geography that are behind the applications of results with major social influence, so as to be able to summarize the main school that represents developments in contemporary Chinese human geography. Chinese human geography upholds the subject＇s designation as being integrated and interdisciplinary. Research focuses on interactions between the natural and human spheres of the Earth＇s surface, and it is guided by the understanding and effects of the processes of regional sustainable development at different spatial scales. Chinese human geography has innovatively established the following development paradigm： ＂To be guided by application requirements, refine key issues of the discipline in the course of solving major issues of human geography in national and regional development, and by solving those key issues, to enhance its ability to provide scientific and technological support to serve national and local needs while promoting its own development.＂ Results from early Chinese human geography studies on land use and agricultural zoning, recent research results on point-axis system models and T-shaped national spatial development patterns, and current research results on territorial function theory and major function oriented zones have all continued and strengthened the mainstream school of Chinese human geography and have avoided the global tendency for human geography to become rapidly human-oriented, while results have been applied at the highest level of decision-making management. Chinese human geography can provide lessons for developing countries and may play a leading role in the future development of global human geography.展开更多
The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of...The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of rural houses. However, at present, available data on rural housing structure are incomplete and their spatial scales are inconsistent. This paper estimated the amount and ratio of rural houses in five structures, namely ＇wood＇, ＇brick＇, ＇mixed＇, ＇reinforced concrete＇, and ＇other＇, for 2380 counties across China. With the percent- age sampling census data in 2005, four accuracy levels were specified. Then, a set of down-scaling models were established, where the impact of climate, economic development level and ethnic minority cultural factors on rural housing structure, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of neighboring spatial units were considered. Based on the estimation results, a database of county-level rural housing structure was established, based on which the vul- nerability of rural houses in different areas was clarified.展开更多
Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effe...Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effective and high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modem management of corporations. ERP （Enterprise Resource Planning） system is one of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. The thesis cites SAP R/3 to introduce the general structure and function of ERP. Global Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation is increasingly becoming the successful choice of MIS.展开更多
Inflorescences structures in context of their evolution have been conducted for 60 genera and 170 species of Celastrales （according to APG （Angiosperm Phylogeny Group） III 2009, almost 60% of genera and 15% of spec...Inflorescences structures in context of their evolution have been conducted for 60 genera and 170 species of Celastrales （according to APG （Angiosperm Phylogeny Group） III 2009, almost 60% of genera and 15% of species from this taxon of the world flora）. There are two big groups of inflorescences in Celastrales-intercalary （more often） and terminal. For many genera of Celastrales both types of inflorescences can be observed, although the frequency of their occurrence varies. There is an important difference between two types of inflorescences： character of completion of the main axis （the terminal flower present or absent）. Flower opening can be in basipetal （Celastraceae, Brexia） or acropetal （Stackhousiaceae） order. Partial inflorescence types included： simple, compound or umbrellate dichasia, spike, raceme, thyrse. Simple flowers of Parnassia are large, nested on long reproductive shoots, emerging from a rosette, with amplexicaule leaf.展开更多
After China's accession to the WTO, the main problem China now faces in its financialdevelopment is how to enhance international competitiveness while safeguarding financialsecurity. Since reform and opening up, t...After China's accession to the WTO, the main problem China now faces in its financialdevelopment is how to enhance international competitiveness while safeguarding financialsecurity. Since reform and opening up, the development of Chinas financial industry hasfeatured extensive quantitative expansion, but without sufficient consideration given toincreased risk. This has led to serious defects in the financial structure, which has hamperedthe financial industry from further development and from improving its internationalcompetitiveness. All these have had unfavorable impacts on financial stability and security.Therefore, in developing Chinas financial industry, the stubborn pursuit of growth inquantity is inadvisable. What is needed is to change this way of thinking and to promotereform and development of the financial industry with emphasis on structure improvement,and to seek a way of development that can raise international competitiveness, while at thesame time ensuring financial security.展开更多
文摘Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant No.41130637)
文摘During the underground mining of coal resources,overlying rocks on the roof of excavated tunnels will be destroyed due to ground pressure,and as a result,part of them will break and fall into the tunnels.How to determine the distribution of fractured areas and fissures presents a major problem for preserving the overlying aquifer.
文摘S&T development is the eternal theme of the CAS working priorities. The common goal of all the reforms now underway in the CAS system is to promote the S&T cause. As the external situation of the S&T development in China changes, it becomes necessary for the CAS to adopt counter-measures to respond accordingly. This article gives an overall exposition, ranging from a review of the significance of the current drive towards structural readjustment in the CAS, to its main contents, expected targets, principles and the selection of possible options, in addition to a number of concrete suggestions and tentative ideas aired by the author of this article for the on-going drive.Based on the deepening development of the current and full-scale reform drive in the Academy, the CAS leadership had put forward a plan for carrying out a structural readjustment program across the CAS system. To promote this new move, here I would like to offer some of my personal opinions and tentative ideas.
文摘This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.
基金This work was supported by the 2020 Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology Policy Guidance Category(North Jiangsu Science and Technology Special SZ-L YG202014).
文摘In order to improve the fire resistance,water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry,three composite structures of plywood products S1,S2 and S3 were designed in this paper,and a reasonable production process was proposed.Through the physical and mechanical properties and fire resistance testing and technical and economic analysis,the applicability of composite plywood was evaluated.The results of the study showed that the physical mechanics of the three kinds of composite structure plywood met the standard requirements,and their fire resistance was far better than that of ordinary plywood.Among them,the S1 structural board had the best overall physical and mechanical properties.The S3 structural board showed the best fire resistance,which was about 1.9 times more than that of ordinary plywood,and the added cost was the lowest.The thin cork board added to the S2 structural board had poor fire performance since the air in the cork board cavities had a certain combustion-supporting effect,which inhibited the fire resistance of high-pressure laminate(HPL)layer.Moreover,the additional cost of the S2 board was the highest,and its comprehensive performance was the worst.The S3 structural plywood product composed of HPL fireproof board with a thickness of about 1 mm in the surface layer and ordinary plywood with a thickness of about 12 mm in the core layer was the most cost-effective product,which could meet the needs of various fields such as construction,home furnishing,decoration and transportation.
文摘Ever since the 1960s, especially 1980s, under the background of quickening pace of economic globalization and the regional division of labor around the world, the transfer of manufacturing industries among countries and areas gets great momentum and impetus. During 20-plus years in which China has adopted the policy of opening-up and reforming, our country has played an active role in taking part in the transfer of manufacturing industries. It advances the structural change of national manufacturing industries, accelerates national industrialism and promotes the comprehensive development of regional economics. In this paper, the author makes some initial study on the regularity of transfer of International manufacturing industries, discusses the profound impact of such shift on our national resources, environment, economics and society, and also proposes corresponding suggestions on how to implement the strategy of sustainable development in the process of the shift.
基金This paper is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 70472058）.
文摘By adopting the research method of documentary research, combining the related theory of development economics, and starting with the concept of community tourism, this paper brings forward the ＂Dual Structure＂ and the Kuznets Hypothesis of community tourism, and defines ＂the game theory＂ between the residents of community and tourists, as well as the increasing relationship between the per capita tourism income of community and the Geordie Modulus of community. Conclusively it puts forward the way of developing the tourism and community harmoniously, namely, taking the human as the dominant factor and being joined by the community.
文摘The fast development of the Yangtze River Delta of China is closely related to the dense inflows of FDI. The clustering of the foreign capital in this region has brought new projects, technology and business skills, which have given a strong impetus to the fast development of the regional economy and the upgrading of the economic structure. But the sustainability of FDI and its long-term influence have drawn a lot of attention. It is also a problem whether the slow-down of the FDI inflows or its flight will bring negative effect on the sustainable economic development of the Yangtze River Delta. In this paper, we will prove that the inflows of FDI are stable to some degree. It is unlikely that there will be a drastic large-scale FDI flight, so the so-called ＂migratory bird economy＂ will not occur. But the sustainable economic development in the Yangtze River Delta will depend on the continuity of the policies to attract FDI. What should be done includes the policy to promote the accumulation and circulation of the international capital to promote the sustainable development of the regional economy and market.
文摘As of the end of 2009, the total installed capacity of Huaneng Group Corporation broke through 100 GW, thus, Huaneng Group became the largest power generation enterprise in the world.
文摘Under the background of the financial crisis and the devaluation of the US dollar brought about by the continuous quantitative easing monetary policy of the Federal Reserve, China has proposed the internationalization of RMB, and at the same time has launched a pilot project of RMB settlement for cross-border trade. It is not difficult to find that the scope and scale of RMB settlement for cross-border trade are gradually expanding under the impetus of financial development and other important factors. Therefore, this paper sorts out the relevant theoretical basis and analyzes the research status quo. On this basis, the paper selects the relevant data from 2016 to 2021 to measure the financial development from three aspects of scale, structure and efficiency. Under the condition of controlling the inflation rate, trade scale and RMB exchange rate, the paper conducts quantitative regression analysis on RMB settlement of cross-border trade, which proves that the financial development has a significant positive effect on RMB settlement of cross-border trade, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
文摘The construction of a new socialist countryside is a strategic focus of future economic and social development of our country, including the construction of rural power grids under the new urbanization and development, it has played a crucial role in supporting and promoting. Due to historical reasons, China has not yet formed a sound and sustainable development of rural power system and management system. In order to meet the requirements under the new urbanization of rural construction, we provide a solid foundation for the development of new rural construction, and long-term development of rural electricity has become an urgent need to study the issue. At present, the reform in the field of rural electrification, rural power enterprise management, rural power system and other existing research we have conducted a preliminary study, but overall, the research in this area is still in the exploratory stage, we need a more systematic and in-depth research and discussion.
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018CDXYCL0018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51678093)the National Youth Fund(No.51402029)
文摘Hydrothermal treatment has been widely applied in the synthesis of well crystalline calcium silicate hydrate（CSH）, such as tobermorite and xonotlite. However, both morphology and crystallinity of CSH are greatly affected by the conditions of hydrothermal treatment including siliceous materials, temperature increase rate and isothermal periods. In this study, the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the growth of nano-crystalline CSH was investigated based on XRD analysis. Results showed that siliceous materials with amorphous nature（i e, nano silica powder） are beneficial to synthesize pure amorphous CSH, while the use of more crystallized siliceous materials（i e, diatomite and quartz powder） leads to producing crystalline CSH. Results also indicate that the formation of tobermorite and xonotlite is greatly affected by the temperature rise rate during hydrothermal treatment.
文摘Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface-attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be formed by a single bacterial strain. However, most natural biofilms are actually formed by multiple bacterial species. Conventional methods for bacterial cleaning, such as applications of antibiotics and/or disinfectants are often ineffective for biofilm populations due to their special physiology and physical matrix barrier. It has been estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year worldwide to deal with damage to equipment, contamina- tions of products, energy losses, and infections in human beings resulted from microbial biofilms. Microorganisms compete, cooperate, and communicate with each other in multi-species biofilms. Understanding the mechanisms of multi-species hiofilm formation will facilitate the development of methods for combating bacterial hiofilms in clinical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural areas. The most recent advances in the understanding of multi-species biofilms are summarized and discussed in the review.
基金Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40830741 National Key Technology R＆D Program,No.2008BAH31B01
文摘The aim of this paper is to sift through examples of outstanding contributions made by Chinese human geography in terms of social applications and explain the basic concepts and theoretical methods explored by human geography that are behind the applications of results with major social influence, so as to be able to summarize the main school that represents developments in contemporary Chinese human geography. Chinese human geography upholds the subject＇s designation as being integrated and interdisciplinary. Research focuses on interactions between the natural and human spheres of the Earth＇s surface, and it is guided by the understanding and effects of the processes of regional sustainable development at different spatial scales. Chinese human geography has innovatively established the following development paradigm： ＂To be guided by application requirements, refine key issues of the discipline in the course of solving major issues of human geography in national and regional development, and by solving those key issues, to enhance its ability to provide scientific and technological support to serve national and local needs while promoting its own development.＂ Results from early Chinese human geography studies on land use and agricultural zoning, recent research results on point-axis system models and T-shaped national spatial development patterns, and current research results on territorial function theory and major function oriented zones have all continued and strengthened the mainstream school of Chinese human geography and have avoided the global tendency for human geography to become rapidly human-oriented, while results have been applied at the highest level of decision-making management. Chinese human geography can provide lessons for developing countries and may play a leading role in the future development of global human geography.
基金National Key Technology R＆D Program, No.2011BAK07B02, No.2008BAK50-05 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No,4117113 B
文摘The damage of dwelling houses constitutes the primary cause of casualties and asset loss in seismic disasters that occurred in Chinese rural areas. The structure of houses is crucial for assessing the vulnerability of rural houses. However, at present, available data on rural housing structure are incomplete and their spatial scales are inconsistent. This paper estimated the amount and ratio of rural houses in five structures, namely ＇wood＇, ＇brick＇, ＇mixed＇, ＇reinforced concrete＇, and ＇other＇, for 2380 counties across China. With the percent- age sampling census data in 2005, four accuracy levels were specified. Then, a set of down-scaling models were established, where the impact of climate, economic development level and ethnic minority cultural factors on rural housing structure, as well as the spatial autocorrelation of neighboring spatial units were considered. Based on the estimation results, a database of county-level rural housing structure was established, based on which the vul- nerability of rural houses in different areas was clarified.
文摘Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effective and high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modem management of corporations. ERP （Enterprise Resource Planning） system is one of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. The thesis cites SAP R/3 to introduce the general structure and function of ERP. Global Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation is increasingly becoming the successful choice of MIS.
文摘Inflorescences structures in context of their evolution have been conducted for 60 genera and 170 species of Celastrales （according to APG （Angiosperm Phylogeny Group） III 2009, almost 60% of genera and 15% of species from this taxon of the world flora）. There are two big groups of inflorescences in Celastrales-intercalary （more often） and terminal. For many genera of Celastrales both types of inflorescences can be observed, although the frequency of their occurrence varies. There is an important difference between two types of inflorescences： character of completion of the main axis （the terminal flower present or absent）. Flower opening can be in basipetal （Celastraceae, Brexia） or acropetal （Stackhousiaceae） order. Partial inflorescence types included： simple, compound or umbrellate dichasia, spike, raceme, thyrse. Simple flowers of Parnassia are large, nested on long reproductive shoots, emerging from a rosette, with amplexicaule leaf.
文摘After China's accession to the WTO, the main problem China now faces in its financialdevelopment is how to enhance international competitiveness while safeguarding financialsecurity. Since reform and opening up, the development of Chinas financial industry hasfeatured extensive quantitative expansion, but without sufficient consideration given toincreased risk. This has led to serious defects in the financial structure, which has hamperedthe financial industry from further development and from improving its internationalcompetitiveness. All these have had unfavorable impacts on financial stability and security.Therefore, in developing Chinas financial industry, the stubborn pursuit of growth inquantity is inadvisable. What is needed is to change this way of thinking and to promotereform and development of the financial industry with emphasis on structure improvement,and to seek a way of development that can raise international competitiveness, while at thesame time ensuring financial security.
