Nickel-rich cathodes(NRCs)hold great promise for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to high specific energy and low cost.However,the higher Ni content exacerbates the instability issues associa...Nickel-rich cathodes(NRCs)hold great promise for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to high specific energy and low cost.However,the higher Ni content exacerbates the instability issues associated with structural degradation and side reactions during electrochemical cycling.Herein,we demonstrate the possibility of preparing NRCs,typically Li Ni_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(NCM9055),with much-improved mechanical and chemical stability based on the surface coating of the hydroxide precursors.Specifically,a conformal nanoshell containing both Al^(3+)and W^(6+)was first deposited around the precursor particles,and the following high-temperature lithiation produced the targeted NCM9055 with favorable structural features,where Al3+existed as a bulk dopant to enhance the structural stability while the high-valent W^(6+)promoted the microstructural evolution into radially-architectured elongated primary particles.Such a structural engineering benefiting from the Al^(3+)/W^(6+)co-modification endowed the prepared NCM9055 cathode(NCM9055-Al W)with much-improved cycling stability,as revealed by a high-capacity retention of 98.0%after 100 cycles(tested at 0.5 C,4.3 V)as compared to only 79.0%for the pristine cathode without Al^(3+)/W^(6+).The NCM9055-15Al W cathode also showed a high-rate capability with extraordinary structural stability against mechanical failure.Our study highlighted the enormous potential of precursor multi-element treatment as an effective tool in structural refinement of NRCs to circumvent their stability challenge for their applications in high-energy LIBs.展开更多
Transition-metal dichalcogenides hosting multiple competing structural and electronic phases are thus ideal platforms for constructing polytype heterostructures with emergent quantum properties.However,controlling pha...Transition-metal dichalcogenides hosting multiple competing structural and electronic phases are thus ideal platforms for constructing polytype heterostructures with emergent quantum properties.However,controlling phase transitions to form diverse heterostructures inside a single crystal remains challenging.In this study,we realize vertical/lateral polytype heterostructures in a hole-doped Mott insulator via thermal annealing-induced structural transitions.Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy confirm the coexistence of T-H polytype heterostructures.Atomic-scale scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements reveal the transparent effect in 1H/1T vertical heterostructures,where positive bias voltage induces in a pronounced superposition of the√13×√13 CDW of the 1T-layer on the 1H-layer.By systematically comparing the 1T/1H and 1T/1T interfaces,we demonstrate that the metallic 1H-layer induces a Coulomb screening effect on the 1T-layer,suppressing the formation of CDW domain walls and forming more ordered electronic states.These results clarify the interfacial coupling between distinct quantum many-body phases and establish a controllable pathway for constructing two-dimensional polytype heterostructures with tunable electronic properties.展开更多
From cracking the code of viruses to mentoring the next generation of scientists,the former president of Nankai University has contributed a lot to turning microscopic discoveries into monumental shields for global he...From cracking the code of viruses to mentoring the next generation of scientists,the former president of Nankai University has contributed a lot to turning microscopic discoveries into monumental shields for global health.OVER the past 40 years,one man has distinguished himself through a deep commitment to researching protein structures of high pathogenic viruses,and published numerous significant works in top international scientific journals.展开更多
Plastome variation,including single spontaneous nucleotide substitutions and single insertions/deletions,is the major source of leaf variegation in plants.Additionally,one recent study has showed that a simple plastom...Plastome variation,including single spontaneous nucleotide substitutions and single insertions/deletions,is the major source of leaf variegation in plants.Additionally,one recent study has showed that a simple plastome structural variation,which is induced by one pair of small inverted repeats,can also result in leaf variegation.Here we show a complex plastome structural variation caused by intermolecular and intramolecular recombination across three pairs of small inverted repeats accounts for leaf variegation in a widely cultivated shrub Heptapleurum ellipticum(Araliaceae).This plastome structural variation contains two deletions and two duplications,resulting in dramatic expansion of IRs,substantial contraction of LSC and loss of 11 genes that essential for photosynthesis.Plastome heteroplasmy was detected in both green and albino sectors of variegated leaves.Relative to green sectors,albino sectors in the variegated leaves exhibit significantly reduced expression for the 11 genes lost in the mutated plastome as well as 26 other genes,but significantly increased expression for one gene related to translation apparatus.Optical and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that mesophyll cells of albino sectors possess plastids lacking grana lamellae,which likely carry the mutated plastome and contribute to albinism.In both sectors,the first layer of spongy mesophyll cells beneath the lower epidermis contains normal chloroplasts,suggesting periclinal division of the lower epidermis during development.Our study demonstrates that multiple small repeats can collectively mediate intra-and inter-molecular recombination in plastome and offers a new mechanism accounting for leaf variegation in plants.展开更多
Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can ...Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.展开更多
Structural variation is an important source of genetic variation in wheat and have been important in the evolution of the wheat's genome.Few studies have examined the relationship between structural variations and...Structural variation is an important source of genetic variation in wheat and have been important in the evolution of the wheat's genome.Few studies have examined the relationship between structural variations and agronomy and drought tolerance.The present study identified structural chromosome variations(SCVs)in a doubled haploid(DH)population and backcross introgression lines(BC5F3)derived from Jinmai 47 and Jinmai 84 using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).There are one simple translocation,10 present/absent variations(PAVs),and one copy number variation(CNV)between Jinmai 47 and Jinmai 84,which distributed in 10 chromosomes.Eight SCVs were associated with 15 agronomic traits.A PAV recombination occurred on chromosome 2A,which was associated with grain number per spike(GNS).The 1BL/1RS translocation and PAV.2D were associated with significant reductions in plant height,deriving from the effects on LI2-LI4,LI2-LI4 and UI,respectively respectively.PAV.2D was also contributed to an increase of 3.13%for GNS,1BL/1RS significantly increased spikelet number,grain length(GL),and grain thickness(GT).The effect of PAV.4A.1 on GL,PAV.6A on spike length(SL)and thousand-grain weight(TGW),PAV.6B on SL,GT and TGW were identified and verified.PAVs on chromosomes 2A,6A,1D,2D,and a CNV on chromosome 4B were associated with the drought tolerance coefficients.Additive and interaction effects among SCVs were observed.Many previously cloned key genes and yield-related QTL were found in polymorphic regions of PAV.2B,PAV.2D,and CNV.4B.Altogether,this study confirmed the genetic effect of SCVs on agronomy and drought tolerance,and identification of these SCVs will facilitate genetic improvement of wheat through marker-assisted selection.展开更多
Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the s...Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.展开更多
China has set its economic growth target for 2026 in the range of 4.5-5 percent.After three consecutive years of aiming for growth of around 5 percent,the slightly adjusted range reflects a prudent assessment of a com...China has set its economic growth target for 2026 in the range of 4.5-5 percent.After three consecutive years of aiming for growth of around 5 percent,the slightly adjusted range reflects a prudent assessment of a complex global environment while still signalling a commitment to stable development.展开更多
Background:Rats are often used to prepare skin defect models.However,the skin defect sizes of the models prepared by researchers are different,and the lack of consensus on the critical-size defect makes it difficult t...Background:Rats are often used to prepare skin defect models.However,the skin defect sizes of the models prepared by researchers are different,and the lack of consensus on the critical-size defect makes it difficult to compare their research results.Methods:The time for wound closure was evaluated and recorded through gross observation.The regression equation between the healing time and the diameter of skin defect was established,which can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored.Results:The critical-size defect of rats was determined based on the maximum capacity of structural skin repair,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored based on the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages.The allowable range of critical-size skin defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The concept of structural repair and the category of functional repair of injured skin are put forward.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters is established.Conclusion:The allowable range of skin critical-size defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.展开更多
Structural displacement monitoring faces significant challenges under complex environmental conditions due to the loss or degradation of target features,making it difficult for traditional methods to ensure high accur...Structural displacement monitoring faces significant challenges under complex environmental conditions due to the loss or degradation of target features,making it difficult for traditional methods to ensure high accuracy and robustness.Therefore,this study proposes a structural displacement identification and quantification method that integrates YOLOv8n with an improved edge-orientation gradient-based template matching algorithm.By combining deep learning techniques with traditional template matching methods,the accuracy and robustness of monitoring are enhanced under adverse conditions such as noise and extremely low illumination.Specifically,in the edge-orientation gradient matching stage,the Canny-Devernay sub-pixel edge detection technique and an improved ellipse-fitting method are employed for sub-pixel edge extraction,and a five-level Gaussian pyramid structure is introduced to accelerate the matching speed.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high-precision displacement monitoring under sufficient illumination,and it maintains stable target localization and displacement quantification performance under conditions of noise interference and extremely low illumination.Notably,under salt-and-pepper noise interference,although YOLOv8n maintains a high level of localization confidence,the accuracy of gradient matching deteriorates,resulting in a root-mean-square error(RMSE)of 0.035 mm.This finding reveals the differential impact of various noise types on different stages of the algorithm.The proposed method offers a novel technological approach for precise structural displacement monitoring in complex environments.展开更多
Conventional Tb^(3+)-doped phosphors typically suffer from concentration quenching once the doping level exceeds a critical threshold.Consequently,the development of Tb^(3+)phosphors with intrinsic resistance to conce...Conventional Tb^(3+)-doped phosphors typically suffer from concentration quenching once the doping level exceeds a critical threshold.Consequently,the development of Tb^(3+)phosphors with intrinsic resistance to concentration quenching has become a key research focus.In this work,we successfully synthesized KBi(MoO_(4))_(2):x Tb^(3+)(x=0-100 at%)(denoted as KBM:x Tb^(3+))phosphors via a high-temperature solid-state reaction.Remarkably,no concentration quenching was observed across the entire doping range.This anti-quenching behavior originates from the large Tb^(3+)-Tb^(3+)interionic distance(>5Å)inherent to the quasi-layered crystal structure,which effectively suppresses multipole-interaction-mediated energy migration.At full Tb^(3+)substitution(x=100 at%),the material undergoes a structural phase transition from the monoclinic KBM phase to the triclinicα-KTb(MoO_(4))_(2)(α-KTM)phase.Theα-KTM phosphor exhibits excellent thermal stability(activation energy=0.6129 eV)and a single-exponential decay profile,whereas KBM:x Tb^(3+)(x<100%)display double-exponential decay behaviors,attributed to dual energy transfer pathways.These findings provide new insights into the luminescence mechanisms of high-concentration rare-earth-doped systems and offer guidance for designing nextgeneration anti-quenching phosphors.展开更多
Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have emerged as a promising class of scientific machine learning techniques that integrate governing physical laws into neural network training.Their ability to enforce different...Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have emerged as a promising class of scientific machine learning techniques that integrate governing physical laws into neural network training.Their ability to enforce differential equations,constitutive relations,and boundary conditions within the loss function provides a physically grounded alternative to traditional data-driven models,particularly for solid and structural mechanics,where data are often limited or noisy.This review offers a comprehensive assessment of recent developments in PINNs,combining bibliometric analysis,theoretical foundations,application-oriented insights,and methodological innovations.A biblio-metric survey indicates a rapid increase in publications on PINNs since 2018,with prominent research clusters focused on numerical methods,structural analysis,and forecasting.Building upon this trend,the review consolidates advance-ments across five principal application domains,including forward structural analysis,inverse modeling and parameter identification,structural and topology optimization,assessment of structural integrity,and manufacturing processes.These applications are propelled by substantial methodological advancements,encompassing rigorous enforcement of boundary conditions,modified loss functions,adaptive training,domain decomposition strategies,multi-fidelity and transfer learning approaches,as well as hybrid finite element–PINN integration.These advances address recurring challenges in solid mechanics,such as high-order governing equations,material heterogeneity,complex geometries,localized phenomena,and limited experimental data.Despite remaining challenges in computational cost,scalability,and experimental validation,PINNs are increasingly evolving into specialized,physics-aware tools for practical solid and structural mechanics applications.展开更多
Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)plays a critical role in ensuring the safety,integrity,longevity and economic efficiency of civil infrastructures.The field has undergone a profound transformation over the last few de...Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)plays a critical role in ensuring the safety,integrity,longevity and economic efficiency of civil infrastructures.The field has undergone a profound transformation over the last few decades,evolving from traditional methods—often reliant on visual inspections—to data-driven intelligent systems.This review paper analyzes this historical trajectory,beginning with the approaches that relied on modal parameters as primary damage indicators.The advent of advanced sensor technologies and increased computational power brings a significant change,making Machine Learning(ML)a viable and powerful tool for damage assessment.More recently,Deep Learning(DL)has emerged as a paradigm shift,allowing for more automated processing of large data sets(such as the structural vibration signals and other types of sensors)with excellent performance and accuracy,often surpassing previous methods.This paper systematically reviews these technological milestones—from traditional vibration-based methods to the current state-of-the-art in deep learning.Finally,it critically examines emerging trends—such as Digital Twins and Transformer-based architectures—and discusses future research directions that will shape the next generation of SHM systems for civil engineering.展开更多
Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation,molting,and survival in insects.However,functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited.In this study,we identified an endocuticle s...Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation,molting,and survival in insects.However,functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited.In this study,we identified an endocuticle structural glycoprotein(ESG)AgSgAbd-2-like in the melon aphid Aphis gossypii,which is a member of the RR-1 subfamily of the CPR(cuticular protein containing the conserved Rebers-Riddiford motif)chitin-binding proteins.When double-stranded RNA is delivered epidermally,AgSgAbd-2-like is knocked down,resulting in molting defects and mortality.The expression of AgSgAbd-2-like is comparatively low prior to molting and increases following molting.Ecdysone signaling consistently suppresses AgSgAbd-2-like.Histologically,the endocuticle and whole cuticle are thinner in AgSgAbd-2-like RNA interference(RNAi)aphids,which is a leading cause of molting defects and mortality.Furthermore,knockdown of any other homolog of ESGs,including AgSgAbd-4,AgSgAbd-4-like,AgSgAbd-8-like,and AgSgAbd-9-like,results in molting defects and death,like that by AgSgAbd-2-like RNAi.These results indicate that the melon aphid ESGs are conserved in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for RNAi-based pest management.展开更多
Bamboo is a natural composite that has inspired the design of biomimetic composites due to its unique multi-scale struc-ture and outstanding mechanical properties.This paper first presents the structural features of b...Bamboo is a natural composite that has inspired the design of biomimetic composites due to its unique multi-scale struc-ture and outstanding mechanical properties.This paper first presents the structural features of bamboo,detailing the hydro-phobic wax and silica layer of the surface,the functionally graded vascular bundles of the wall for optimized toughness,and the hollow,multi-node architecture of the stem for overall stability and bending resistance.Subsequently,this study surveys recent sustainability and designability advances in bamboo-inspired composites.Inspiration from the bamboo sur-face has spurred the creation of materials with enhanced functionalities,such as transparent composites and high-stiffness structural materials.Imitation of the wall structure has led to the development of high-strength and tough materials,with the discussion covering examples such as hydrogels,polymer composites,and metal-matrix composites.Inspiration from the stem structure has yielded lightweight composites with excellent energy absorption and stability,exemplified by advanced linear materials like resilient yarns and tendon sutures,as well as functional structures like flexible sensors.These biomimetic designs show significant potential across numerous fields,including construction,healthcare,urban rail transit,wearable electronics,and mechanical engineering.Finally,this paper discusses the current limitations and challenges to understanding bamboo's structural characteristics towards the development of bamboo-inspired composites.Future research directions are proposed,including understanding bamboo's structure,designing novel biomimetic com-posites,and optimizing their structure to develop bamboo-inspired functional materials.展开更多
This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior...This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.展开更多
High-moisture meat analogues(HMMAs)offer sustainable protein alternatives to conventional meat and become a research hotspot in recent years.This study systematically investigated the impact of nori powder(NP)incorpor...High-moisture meat analogues(HMMAs)offer sustainable protein alternatives to conventional meat and become a research hotspot in recent years.This study systematically investigated the impact of nori powder(NP)incorporation(0.5%–2.0%)on the physicochemical and structural properties of HMMAs.Rheological analysis revealed that NP reduced the viscosity(consistency coefficient K decreased from 65.67 Pa⋅s to 16.66–19.99 Pa⋅s)and enhanced the fluidity(flow behavior index n increased from 0.25 to 0.33–0.38)of raw material.NP addition progressively decreased the redness values(a*),except for 0.5%NP level.At 1.0%NP level,HMMAs exhibited a denser microstructure with reduced water mobility,resulting in the lowest water holding capacity(2.07 g/g).Conversely,2.0%NP promoted highly oriented fibrous structures,achieving a maximal texturization degree of 1.51.Secondary structure analysis indicated NP facilitated a shift fromα-helix toβ-sheet conformations(β-sheet content increased from 26.06%to 29.92%at 2.0%NP),resulting in stabilized protein networks.These modifications were attributed to NP-induced hydrophobic interactions and polysaccharide-protein crosslinking.The study demonstrates NP's role in modulating HMMA texture and nutrition,providing critical insights for developing fiber-enhanced,nutrient-fortified HMMAs.展开更多
As structural damage patterns and service environments become more complex,digital twin-based structural health monitoring,with its unique advantages,can compensate for the limitations of data-driven methods regarding...As structural damage patterns and service environments become more complex,digital twin-based structural health monitoring,with its unique advantages,can compensate for the limitations of data-driven methods regarding data dependency and model interpretability.However,it still faces challenges in modeling complexity,simulation accuracy,and discrepancies between real and virtual features.This study proposes a balanced fidelity digital twin for structural damage monitoring based on Lamb wave multilevel feature enhancement and adaptive space interaction.Firstly,multilevel refined features are extracted from few-shot guided wave signals obtained in physical and digital space,and the adversarial synthetic balancing algorithm is proposed for feature enhancement.Additionally,the learning phase of the damage monitoring model based on the feature-mapping convolutional network is driven by virtual samples of readily accessible balanced fidelity in digital space.To reduce the feature distributional difference between the two spaces,an interactive transfer approach is introduced to establish a shared feature digital twin space.Overall,this study provides a feasible technique to enhance the accessibility and generalizability of digital twins for real engineering structures.展开更多
Silicon(Si)-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high theoretical capacity(4200 mAh g^(-1)).However,their further application is hindered by...Silicon(Si)-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high theoretical capacity(4200 mAh g^(-1)).However,their further application is hindered by critical challenges,including severe volume expansion(~300%),formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and inherently low conductivity.While extensive research has sought to alleviate the substantial internal stress caused by volume expansion through the rational design of Si-based anode structures,the underlying mechanisms that govern these improvements remain insufficiently understood,leaving significant gaps in mechanical and interface electrical failure.To build a comprehensive understanding relationship between structural design and performance enhancement of Si-based anodes,this review first analyzes the characteristics of various Sibased anode structures and their associated internal stresses.Subsequently,it summarizes effective strategies to optimize the performance of Si-based anodes,including doping design,novel electrolyte design,and fu nctional binder design.Additionally,we assess emerging technologies with high commercial potential for structural design and interfacial modification,such as porous carbon carriers,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),spray granulation,and pre-lithiation.Finally,this work provides perspectives on the structural design of Si-based anodes.Overall,this review systematically summarizes modification strategies for Si-based anodes through structural regulation and interface engineering,thereby providing a foundation for advanced structural and interfacial design.展开更多
Water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China has increased the regional microseismicity.Bedding-rock landslides,one of the most common slope structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir,are highly prone to sliding...Water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China has increased the regional microseismicity.Bedding-rock landslides,one of the most common slope structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir,are highly prone to sliding under seismic loading.Existing research primarily focuses on the stability of bedding rock landslides under strong earthquakes,while studies on the cumulative damage and long-term stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity remain immature.In this study,we considered bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research subject and equivalent microseismicity as pre-peak cyclic loading.First,we analyzed the shear strength deterioration of rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions and found that the deformation and failure of structural planes involve contact and damage effects.The shear strength of the rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions is affected by the confining pressure,loading rate,loading amplitude,and number of loading cycles.Among these factors,the shear strength of the structural planes was the most sensitive to the number of loading cycles.As the number of cycles increased,the rock mass structural planes underwent three stages:stress adjustment(increase in shear strength),fatigue damage(gradual decrease in shear strength),and structural failure(rapid decrease in shear strength).The stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity was analyzed,revealing that the stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity can be divided into three stages:short-term enhancement,gradual degradation,and rapid deterioration,exhibiting characteristics of gradual and sudden changes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2404402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22025507,22421001,and 22409200)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of SciencesGrant No.XDB 1040200。
文摘Nickel-rich cathodes(NRCs)hold great promise for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to high specific energy and low cost.However,the higher Ni content exacerbates the instability issues associated with structural degradation and side reactions during electrochemical cycling.Herein,we demonstrate the possibility of preparing NRCs,typically Li Ni_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(NCM9055),with much-improved mechanical and chemical stability based on the surface coating of the hydroxide precursors.Specifically,a conformal nanoshell containing both Al^(3+)and W^(6+)was first deposited around the precursor particles,and the following high-temperature lithiation produced the targeted NCM9055 with favorable structural features,where Al3+existed as a bulk dopant to enhance the structural stability while the high-valent W^(6+)promoted the microstructural evolution into radially-architectured elongated primary particles.Such a structural engineering benefiting from the Al^(3+)/W^(6+)co-modification endowed the prepared NCM9055 cathode(NCM9055-Al W)with much-improved cycling stability,as revealed by a high-capacity retention of 98.0%after 100 cycles(tested at 0.5 C,4.3 V)as compared to only 79.0%for the pristine cathode without Al^(3+)/W^(6+).The NCM9055-15Al W cathode also showed a high-rate capability with extraordinary structural stability against mechanical failure.Our study highlighted the enormous potential of precursor multi-element treatment as an effective tool in structural refinement of NRCs to circumvent their stability challenge for their applications in high-energy LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.92477128,92580137,92477205,12374200,11604063,11974422,and 12104504)the National Key R&D Program of China (MOST) (Grant No.2023YFA1406500)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program (Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS) (Grant No.XDB30000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Research Funds of Renmin University of China (Grant No.21XNLG27)supported by the Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs 2023 of the Renmin University of Chinaan outcome of “Two-dimensional anisotropic series of materials FePd2+xTe2:a structural modulation study from the atomic scale to the mesoscopic scale” (RUC25QSDL128),funded by the “Qiushi Academic-Dongliang” Talent Cultivation Project at Renmin University of China in 2025。
文摘Transition-metal dichalcogenides hosting multiple competing structural and electronic phases are thus ideal platforms for constructing polytype heterostructures with emergent quantum properties.However,controlling phase transitions to form diverse heterostructures inside a single crystal remains challenging.In this study,we realize vertical/lateral polytype heterostructures in a hole-doped Mott insulator via thermal annealing-induced structural transitions.Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy confirm the coexistence of T-H polytype heterostructures.Atomic-scale scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy measurements reveal the transparent effect in 1H/1T vertical heterostructures,where positive bias voltage induces in a pronounced superposition of the√13×√13 CDW of the 1T-layer on the 1H-layer.By systematically comparing the 1T/1H and 1T/1T interfaces,we demonstrate that the metallic 1H-layer induces a Coulomb screening effect on the 1T-layer,suppressing the formation of CDW domain walls and forming more ordered electronic states.These results clarify the interfacial coupling between distinct quantum many-body phases and establish a controllable pathway for constructing two-dimensional polytype heterostructures with tunable electronic properties.
文摘From cracking the code of viruses to mentoring the next generation of scientists,the former president of Nankai University has contributed a lot to turning microscopic discoveries into monumental shields for global health.OVER the past 40 years,one man has distinguished himself through a deep commitment to researching protein structures of high pathogenic viruses,and published numerous significant works in top international scientific journals.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31811530297 and 32170217).
文摘Plastome variation,including single spontaneous nucleotide substitutions and single insertions/deletions,is the major source of leaf variegation in plants.Additionally,one recent study has showed that a simple plastome structural variation,which is induced by one pair of small inverted repeats,can also result in leaf variegation.Here we show a complex plastome structural variation caused by intermolecular and intramolecular recombination across three pairs of small inverted repeats accounts for leaf variegation in a widely cultivated shrub Heptapleurum ellipticum(Araliaceae).This plastome structural variation contains two deletions and two duplications,resulting in dramatic expansion of IRs,substantial contraction of LSC and loss of 11 genes that essential for photosynthesis.Plastome heteroplasmy was detected in both green and albino sectors of variegated leaves.Relative to green sectors,albino sectors in the variegated leaves exhibit significantly reduced expression for the 11 genes lost in the mutated plastome as well as 26 other genes,but significantly increased expression for one gene related to translation apparatus.Optical and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that mesophyll cells of albino sectors possess plastids lacking grana lamellae,which likely carry the mutated plastome and contribute to albinism.In both sectors,the first layer of spongy mesophyll cells beneath the lower epidermis contains normal chloroplasts,suggesting periclinal division of the lower epidermis during development.Our study demonstrates that multiple small repeats can collectively mediate intra-and inter-molecular recombination in plastome and offers a new mechanism accounting for leaf variegation in plants.
基金mainly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52288102, 52090020, and 52372261)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. E202403045)+1 种基金the S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No. 225A1102D)the Ministry of Education Chang Jiang Scholar Professor Program (Grant No. T2022241)
文摘Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province,China(202201140601025-2,202302140601001)the Agricultural Science Research Project of Shanxi Agricultural University,China(2023BQ108)+1 种基金the Senior Foreign Experts Introducing Project,China(G202204011L)the Science and Technology Innovation Young Talent Team of Shanxi Province,China(202204051001019)。
文摘Structural variation is an important source of genetic variation in wheat and have been important in the evolution of the wheat's genome.Few studies have examined the relationship between structural variations and agronomy and drought tolerance.The present study identified structural chromosome variations(SCVs)in a doubled haploid(DH)population and backcross introgression lines(BC5F3)derived from Jinmai 47 and Jinmai 84 using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).There are one simple translocation,10 present/absent variations(PAVs),and one copy number variation(CNV)between Jinmai 47 and Jinmai 84,which distributed in 10 chromosomes.Eight SCVs were associated with 15 agronomic traits.A PAV recombination occurred on chromosome 2A,which was associated with grain number per spike(GNS).The 1BL/1RS translocation and PAV.2D were associated with significant reductions in plant height,deriving from the effects on LI2-LI4,LI2-LI4 and UI,respectively respectively.PAV.2D was also contributed to an increase of 3.13%for GNS,1BL/1RS significantly increased spikelet number,grain length(GL),and grain thickness(GT).The effect of PAV.4A.1 on GL,PAV.6A on spike length(SL)and thousand-grain weight(TGW),PAV.6B on SL,GT and TGW were identified and verified.PAVs on chromosomes 2A,6A,1D,2D,and a CNV on chromosome 4B were associated with the drought tolerance coefficients.Additive and interaction effects among SCVs were observed.Many previously cloned key genes and yield-related QTL were found in polymorphic regions of PAV.2B,PAV.2D,and CNV.4B.Altogether,this study confirmed the genetic effect of SCVs on agronomy and drought tolerance,and identification of these SCVs will facilitate genetic improvement of wheat through marker-assisted selection.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(0065/2023/AFJ,0116/2022/A3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52402166)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2025A1515011120)the Australian Research Council(DE220100154)the financial support from the Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT),Macao SAR(No.0149/2022/A),and(No.0046/2024/AFJ)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2023QN10C305)for this workthe financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22305185)。
文摘Flexible and wearable sensors offer immense potential for rehabilitation medicine,but most rely solely on electrical signals,lacking real-time visual feedback and limiting trainee's interactivity.Inspired by the structural coloration of Cyanocitta stelleri feathers,we developed a dual-mode sensor by utilizing black conductive polymer hydrogel(CPH)-enhanced structural color strategy.This sensor integrates a hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC)-based structural color interface with a designed CPH sensing component.Highly visible light-absorbing CPH(absorption rate>88%)serves as the critical substrate for enhancing structural color performance.By absorbing incoherent scattered light and suppressing background interference,it significantly enhances the saturation of structural color,thereby achieving a high contrast index of 4.92.Unlike the faint and hardly visible structural colors on non-black substrates,the HPC on CPH displays vivid,highly perceptible colors and desirable mechanochromic behavior.Moreover,the CPH acts as a flexible sensing element,fortified by hydrogen and coordination bond networks,and exhibits exceptional electromechanical properties,including 867.1 kPa tensile strength,strain sensitivity(gauge factor of 4.24),and outstanding durability(over 4400 cycles).Compared to traditional single-mode sensors,the integrated sensor provides real-time visual and digital dual feedback,enhancing the accuracy and interactivity of rehabilitation assessments.This technology holds promise for advancing next-generation rehabilitation medicine.
文摘China has set its economic growth target for 2026 in the range of 4.5-5 percent.After three consecutive years of aiming for growth of around 5 percent,the slightly adjusted range reflects a prudent assessment of a complex global environment while still signalling a commitment to stable development.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2410403。
文摘Background:Rats are often used to prepare skin defect models.However,the skin defect sizes of the models prepared by researchers are different,and the lack of consensus on the critical-size defect makes it difficult to compare their research results.Methods:The time for wound closure was evaluated and recorded through gross observation.The regression equation between the healing time and the diameter of skin defect was established,which can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored.Results:The critical-size defect of rats was determined based on the maximum capacity of structural skin repair,and the functional skin repair was quantitatively scored based on the regeneration and reconstruction of skin appendages.The allowable range of critical-size skin defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The concept of structural repair and the category of functional repair of injured skin are put forward.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters is established.Conclusion:The allowable range of skin critical-size defect of SD rats lies between 45 and 50 mm in diameter.The regression equation between the structural skin healing time and defect diameters can be used to predict the healing time for a certain skin defect size in rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52408533)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024QE408)+3 种基金the University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Project 2023(XKJC202310)the Municipal and School Integration Development Strategic Project of Jinan City(JNSX2023023)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(24JCQNJC00870)Doctoral Fund Support Project of University of Jinan(XRC2563).
文摘Structural displacement monitoring faces significant challenges under complex environmental conditions due to the loss or degradation of target features,making it difficult for traditional methods to ensure high accuracy and robustness.Therefore,this study proposes a structural displacement identification and quantification method that integrates YOLOv8n with an improved edge-orientation gradient-based template matching algorithm.By combining deep learning techniques with traditional template matching methods,the accuracy and robustness of monitoring are enhanced under adverse conditions such as noise and extremely low illumination.Specifically,in the edge-orientation gradient matching stage,the Canny-Devernay sub-pixel edge detection technique and an improved ellipse-fitting method are employed for sub-pixel edge extraction,and a five-level Gaussian pyramid structure is introduced to accelerate the matching speed.Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves high-precision displacement monitoring under sufficient illumination,and it maintains stable target localization and displacement quantification performance under conditions of noise interference and extremely low illumination.Notably,under salt-and-pepper noise interference,although YOLOv8n maintains a high level of localization confidence,the accuracy of gradient matching deteriorates,resulting in a root-mean-square error(RMSE)of 0.035 mm.This finding reveals the differential impact of various noise types on different stages of the algorithm.The proposed method offers a novel technological approach for precise structural displacement monitoring in complex environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education Department for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.2024AH030007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202001)。
文摘Conventional Tb^(3+)-doped phosphors typically suffer from concentration quenching once the doping level exceeds a critical threshold.Consequently,the development of Tb^(3+)phosphors with intrinsic resistance to concentration quenching has become a key research focus.In this work,we successfully synthesized KBi(MoO_(4))_(2):x Tb^(3+)(x=0-100 at%)(denoted as KBM:x Tb^(3+))phosphors via a high-temperature solid-state reaction.Remarkably,no concentration quenching was observed across the entire doping range.This anti-quenching behavior originates from the large Tb^(3+)-Tb^(3+)interionic distance(>5Å)inherent to the quasi-layered crystal structure,which effectively suppresses multipole-interaction-mediated energy migration.At full Tb^(3+)substitution(x=100 at%),the material undergoes a structural phase transition from the monoclinic KBM phase to the triclinicα-KTb(MoO_(4))_(2)(α-KTM)phase.Theα-KTM phosphor exhibits excellent thermal stability(activation energy=0.6129 eV)and a single-exponential decay profile,whereas KBM:x Tb^(3+)(x<100%)display double-exponential decay behaviors,attributed to dual energy transfer pathways.These findings provide new insights into the luminescence mechanisms of high-concentration rare-earth-doped systems and offer guidance for designing nextgeneration anti-quenching phosphors.
基金funded by National Research Council of Thailand(contract No.N42A671047).
文摘Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have emerged as a promising class of scientific machine learning techniques that integrate governing physical laws into neural network training.Their ability to enforce differential equations,constitutive relations,and boundary conditions within the loss function provides a physically grounded alternative to traditional data-driven models,particularly for solid and structural mechanics,where data are often limited or noisy.This review offers a comprehensive assessment of recent developments in PINNs,combining bibliometric analysis,theoretical foundations,application-oriented insights,and methodological innovations.A biblio-metric survey indicates a rapid increase in publications on PINNs since 2018,with prominent research clusters focused on numerical methods,structural analysis,and forecasting.Building upon this trend,the review consolidates advance-ments across five principal application domains,including forward structural analysis,inverse modeling and parameter identification,structural and topology optimization,assessment of structural integrity,and manufacturing processes.These applications are propelled by substantial methodological advancements,encompassing rigorous enforcement of boundary conditions,modified loss functions,adaptive training,domain decomposition strategies,multi-fidelity and transfer learning approaches,as well as hybrid finite element–PINN integration.These advances address recurring challenges in solid mechanics,such as high-order governing equations,material heterogeneity,complex geometries,localized phenomena,and limited experimental data.Despite remaining challenges in computational cost,scalability,and experimental validation,PINNs are increasingly evolving into specialized,physics-aware tools for practical solid and structural mechanics applications.
基金The authors would like to thank CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico)—grants 407256/2022-9,303550/2025-2,402533/2023-2 and 303982/2022-5FAPEMIG(Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais)—grants APQ-00032-24 and APD-01113-25 for their financial support.
文摘Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)plays a critical role in ensuring the safety,integrity,longevity and economic efficiency of civil infrastructures.The field has undergone a profound transformation over the last few decades,evolving from traditional methods—often reliant on visual inspections—to data-driven intelligent systems.This review paper analyzes this historical trajectory,beginning with the approaches that relied on modal parameters as primary damage indicators.The advent of advanced sensor technologies and increased computational power brings a significant change,making Machine Learning(ML)a viable and powerful tool for damage assessment.More recently,Deep Learning(DL)has emerged as a paradigm shift,allowing for more automated processing of large data sets(such as the structural vibration signals and other types of sensors)with excellent performance and accuracy,often surpassing previous methods.This paper systematically reviews these technological milestones—from traditional vibration-based methods to the current state-of-the-art in deep learning.Finally,it critically examines emerging trends—such as Digital Twins and Transformer-based architectures—and discusses future research directions that will shape the next generation of SHM systems for civil engineering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1401200 and 2022YFD1400500 to Dan Wang)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030012 to Jie Shen).
文摘Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation,molting,and survival in insects.However,functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited.In this study,we identified an endocuticle structural glycoprotein(ESG)AgSgAbd-2-like in the melon aphid Aphis gossypii,which is a member of the RR-1 subfamily of the CPR(cuticular protein containing the conserved Rebers-Riddiford motif)chitin-binding proteins.When double-stranded RNA is delivered epidermally,AgSgAbd-2-like is knocked down,resulting in molting defects and mortality.The expression of AgSgAbd-2-like is comparatively low prior to molting and increases following molting.Ecdysone signaling consistently suppresses AgSgAbd-2-like.Histologically,the endocuticle and whole cuticle are thinner in AgSgAbd-2-like RNA interference(RNAi)aphids,which is a leading cause of molting defects and mortality.Furthermore,knockdown of any other homolog of ESGs,including AgSgAbd-4,AgSgAbd-4-like,AgSgAbd-8-like,and AgSgAbd-9-like,results in molting defects and death,like that by AgSgAbd-2-like RNAi.These results indicate that the melon aphid ESGs are conserved in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for RNAi-based pest management.
基金The 2024 First class discipline-shuishan teacher research start up fund of the Nanjing Forestry university,163,020,447,Shanyu Han.
文摘Bamboo is a natural composite that has inspired the design of biomimetic composites due to its unique multi-scale struc-ture and outstanding mechanical properties.This paper first presents the structural features of bamboo,detailing the hydro-phobic wax and silica layer of the surface,the functionally graded vascular bundles of the wall for optimized toughness,and the hollow,multi-node architecture of the stem for overall stability and bending resistance.Subsequently,this study surveys recent sustainability and designability advances in bamboo-inspired composites.Inspiration from the bamboo sur-face has spurred the creation of materials with enhanced functionalities,such as transparent composites and high-stiffness structural materials.Imitation of the wall structure has led to the development of high-strength and tough materials,with the discussion covering examples such as hydrogels,polymer composites,and metal-matrix composites.Inspiration from the stem structure has yielded lightweight composites with excellent energy absorption and stability,exemplified by advanced linear materials like resilient yarns and tendon sutures,as well as functional structures like flexible sensors.These biomimetic designs show significant potential across numerous fields,including construction,healthcare,urban rail transit,wearable electronics,and mechanical engineering.Finally,this paper discusses the current limitations and challenges to understanding bamboo's structural characteristics towards the development of bamboo-inspired composites.Future research directions are proposed,including understanding bamboo's structure,designing novel biomimetic com-posites,and optimizing their structure to develop bamboo-inspired functional materials.
文摘This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.
基金funded by The Science Foundation of Henan University of Technology(2021BS038)The Open Project Program of National Engineering Re-search Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing(NL2022014)Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund(Application Research and De-velopment Category)(242103810082).
文摘High-moisture meat analogues(HMMAs)offer sustainable protein alternatives to conventional meat and become a research hotspot in recent years.This study systematically investigated the impact of nori powder(NP)incorporation(0.5%–2.0%)on the physicochemical and structural properties of HMMAs.Rheological analysis revealed that NP reduced the viscosity(consistency coefficient K decreased from 65.67 Pa⋅s to 16.66–19.99 Pa⋅s)and enhanced the fluidity(flow behavior index n increased from 0.25 to 0.33–0.38)of raw material.NP addition progressively decreased the redness values(a*),except for 0.5%NP level.At 1.0%NP level,HMMAs exhibited a denser microstructure with reduced water mobility,resulting in the lowest water holding capacity(2.07 g/g).Conversely,2.0%NP promoted highly oriented fibrous structures,achieving a maximal texturization degree of 1.51.Secondary structure analysis indicated NP facilitated a shift fromα-helix toβ-sheet conformations(β-sheet content increased from 26.06%to 29.92%at 2.0%NP),resulting in stabilized protein networks.These modifications were attributed to NP-induced hydrophobic interactions and polysaccharide-protein crosslinking.The study demonstrates NP's role in modulating HMMA texture and nutrition,providing critical insights for developing fiber-enhanced,nutrient-fortified HMMAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.No.U2141245,11972314,11472308)。
文摘As structural damage patterns and service environments become more complex,digital twin-based structural health monitoring,with its unique advantages,can compensate for the limitations of data-driven methods regarding data dependency and model interpretability.However,it still faces challenges in modeling complexity,simulation accuracy,and discrepancies between real and virtual features.This study proposes a balanced fidelity digital twin for structural damage monitoring based on Lamb wave multilevel feature enhancement and adaptive space interaction.Firstly,multilevel refined features are extracted from few-shot guided wave signals obtained in physical and digital space,and the adversarial synthetic balancing algorithm is proposed for feature enhancement.Additionally,the learning phase of the damage monitoring model based on the feature-mapping convolutional network is driven by virtual samples of readily accessible balanced fidelity in digital space.To reduce the feature distributional difference between the two spaces,an interactive transfer approach is introduced to establish a shared feature digital twin space.Overall,this study provides a feasible technique to enhance the accessibility and generalizability of digital twins for real engineering structures.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Provincial,China(2022G02020 and 2022H6002)the Collaborative Innovation Platform Project for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Technology,Fuxiaquan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone,China(3502ZCQXT2022001)+1 种基金the Significant Science and Technology Project of Xiamen(the Future Industrial Area),China(3502Z20231058)the Scientific Research Startup Funding for Special Professor of Minjiang Scholars。
文摘Silicon(Si)-based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to their high theoretical capacity(4200 mAh g^(-1)).However,their further application is hindered by critical challenges,including severe volume expansion(~300%),formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and inherently low conductivity.While extensive research has sought to alleviate the substantial internal stress caused by volume expansion through the rational design of Si-based anode structures,the underlying mechanisms that govern these improvements remain insufficiently understood,leaving significant gaps in mechanical and interface electrical failure.To build a comprehensive understanding relationship between structural design and performance enhancement of Si-based anodes,this review first analyzes the characteristics of various Sibased anode structures and their associated internal stresses.Subsequently,it summarizes effective strategies to optimize the performance of Si-based anodes,including doping design,novel electrolyte design,and fu nctional binder design.Additionally,we assess emerging technologies with high commercial potential for structural design and interfacial modification,such as porous carbon carriers,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),spray granulation,and pre-lithiation.Finally,this work provides perspectives on the structural design of Si-based anodes.Overall,this review systematically summarizes modification strategies for Si-based anodes through structural regulation and interface engineering,thereby providing a foundation for advanced structural and interfacial design.
基金sponsored by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42407221)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Grant No.SKLGP2024K009)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foun-dation,China(Grant No.2023AFB567).
文摘Water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China has increased the regional microseismicity.Bedding-rock landslides,one of the most common slope structures in the Three Gorges Reservoir,are highly prone to sliding under seismic loading.Existing research primarily focuses on the stability of bedding rock landslides under strong earthquakes,while studies on the cumulative damage and long-term stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity remain immature.In this study,we considered bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research subject and equivalent microseismicity as pre-peak cyclic loading.First,we analyzed the shear strength deterioration of rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions and found that the deformation and failure of structural planes involve contact and damage effects.The shear strength of the rock mass structural planes under pre-peak cyclic loading conditions is affected by the confining pressure,loading rate,loading amplitude,and number of loading cycles.Among these factors,the shear strength of the structural planes was the most sensitive to the number of loading cycles.As the number of cycles increased,the rock mass structural planes underwent three stages:stress adjustment(increase in shear strength),fatigue damage(gradual decrease in shear strength),and structural failure(rapid decrease in shear strength).The stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity was analyzed,revealing that the stability of bedding rock landslides under high-frequency microseismicity can be divided into three stages:short-term enhancement,gradual degradation,and rapid deterioration,exhibiting characteristics of gradual and sudden changes.
