In this paper, a simple mathematical model was proposed to answer such a question: what’s the relationship between the finger pressing position and the corresponding pitch for stringed instruments? Furthermore, we co...In this paper, a simple mathematical model was proposed to answer such a question: what’s the relationship between the finger pressing position and the corresponding pitch for stringed instruments? Furthermore, we compared the theoretical results with measurement results which were obtained from a guitar to prove that the model we propose is reliable. Result shows that relative errors of theoretical results and measurement results are from 0.18% to 1.8%. The mathematics model is more concise, direct and clear than physical model.展开更多
ERHU is a traditional Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument.It is the most popular of the huqin family of traditional bowed string instruments played in China.“Among Chinese bowed stringed instruments,erhu is...ERHU is a traditional Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument.It is the most popular of the huqin family of traditional bowed string instruments played in China.“Among Chinese bowed stringed instruments,erhu is the most widely used in a variety of folk arts,”said professor Li Ying of Minzu University of China.展开更多
When we learn about Chinese traditional culture,we can find many interesting things.One of them is a special musical instrument—Erhu.The Erhu is a two-stringed instrument played with a bow.People often call it the Ch...When we learn about Chinese traditional culture,we can find many interesting things.One of them is a special musical instrument—Erhu.The Erhu is a two-stringed instrument played with a bow.People often call it the Chinese violin or Chinese fiddle.It is one of the most famous and loved instruments in Chinese music.The Erhu has a small wooden body and a long neck.It is held on the lap,and the bow moves between the two strings to make music.展开更多
Let F_(1)be the virtual field consisting of one element and(Q,I)a string pair.In this paper,we study the representations of string pairs over the virtual field F_(1).It is proved that an indecomposable F_(1)-represent...Let F_(1)be the virtual field consisting of one element and(Q,I)a string pair.In this paper,we study the representations of string pairs over the virtual field F_(1).It is proved that an indecomposable F_(1)-representation is either a string representation or a band representation by using the coefficient quivers.It is worth noting that for a given band and a positive integer,there exists a unique band representation up to isomorphism.展开更多
To optimize the bit selection for large-diameter wellbore in the upper section of an ultra-deep well S-1,a full-well dynamic model integrating drill string vibration and bit rock-breaking was established and then veri...To optimize the bit selection for large-diameter wellbore in the upper section of an ultra-deep well S-1,a full-well dynamic model integrating drill string vibration and bit rock-breaking was established and then verified using measured vibration data of drilling tools and actual rate of penetration(ROP)from Well HT-1 in northern Sichuan Basin.This model was employed to calculate and analyze drill string dynamic characteristics during large-diameter wellbore drilling in the Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation of Well S-1,followed by bit optimization.Research results show that during the drilling in Penglaizhen Formation of Well S-1,considering both the ROP of six candidate bits and the lateral/axial/torsional vibration characteristics of downhole tools,the six-blade dual-row cutter bit with the fastest ROP(average 7.12 m/h)was optimally selected.When using this bit,the downhole tool vibration levels remained at medium-low values.Field data showed over 90%consistency between actual ROP data and dynamic model calculation results after bit placement,demonstrating that the model can be used for bit program screening.展开更多
String validation routines have been widely used in many real-world applications,such as email validation and postcode validation.String test cases are adopted to test these validation routines,to identify potential d...String validation routines have been widely used in many real-world applications,such as email validation and postcode validation.String test cases are adopted to test these validation routines,to identify potential defects and security risks.Random Testing(RT)is a well-known testing approach to randomly generate string test cases from the input domain(i.e.,the set of all possible test inputs),which is simple to implement at a low cost.However,its testing effectiveness may be unsatisfactory for string validation routines.The main reason for this is that RT may have a high probability to generate invalid rather than valid string test cases,due to its randomness property.This research proposes a new RT approach based on the output types(i.e.,valid and invalid strings)for string validation routines,namely Output-type-guided Random Testing(RTO),which attempts to randomly generate both valid and invalid string test cases with a certain probability.This research performed an empirical study involving several real-world string validation routines collected from ten Java open-source projects,to investigate and compare testing performances of RT-O against the previous two widely-used RT methods.The results show that the generated string test cases by RT-O outperform test cases generated by other RT methods.展开更多
The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)is the fourth pulsed accelerator-driven neutron source in the world,and it achieved its design target of 100 kW in 2020.The planned China Spallation Neutron Source Phase II(CSN...The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)is the fourth pulsed accelerator-driven neutron source in the world,and it achieved its design target of 100 kW in 2020.The planned China Spallation Neutron Source Phase II(CSNS-II)commenced in 2024.The CSNS-II linac design primarily involves the addition of a radio-frequency ion source and a section of a superconducting linear accelerator composed of two types of superconducting cavities,namely double-spoke and six-cell elliptical cavities,after the drift tube linac(DTL).The development of the double-spoke superconducting cavity began in early 2021,and by January 2023,the welding,post-processing,and vertical tests of two 324 MHz double-spoke cavity prototypes were completed,with vertical test gradients of 11.6 and 15 MV/m,and Q_(0)≥3×10^(10)@E_(acc)≤10 MV/m.The R&D of the cryomodule began in January 2022.In October 2023,the clean assembly of the double-spoke cavity string and cold mass installation of the cryomodule commenced,with the installation of the cryomodule and valve box completing in two months.In January 2024,a horizontal test of the cryomodule was completed,making it the first double-spoke cavity cryomodule in China.The test results showed that the maximum gradients of the two superconducting cavities at a pulse width of 4 ms and repetition frequency of 25 Hz were 12.8 and 15.2 MV/m,respectively.This article provides a detailed introduction to the double-spoke superconducting cavity,tuner,coupler,and cryomodule,elaborates on the clean assembly of the cavity string and cold mass installation of the cryomodule,and provides a detailed analysis of the horizontal test results.展开更多
Winding 4,880 kilometers through six Asian countries before emptying into the sea,the Lancang-Mekong River is like a golden ribbon stringing the diverse yet similar ethnic cultures of China,Myanmar,Laos,Thailand,Cambo...Winding 4,880 kilometers through six Asian countries before emptying into the sea,the Lancang-Mekong River is like a golden ribbon stringing the diverse yet similar ethnic cultures of China,Myanmar,Laos,Thailand,Cambodia,and Vietnam together.The Water Splashing Festival,for example,is a traditional festival observed by the Dai,Achang,De’ang,and Bulang ethnic groups in China,as well as a signifificant festival celebrated in Thailand,Myanmar,Laos,and Cambodia.More than a dozen cross-border ethnic groups residing in the countries create a colorful social tapestry that features cultural diversity,national amity,and shared historical memories that combine to forge a solid emotional basis for cooperation and common development of regional countries.Since it was offifficially launched in 2016,the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation(LMC)mechanism has grown signifificantly and yielded fruitful achievements,largely thanks to cultural and people-topeople exchanges,one of its three cooperation pillars.展开更多
A new phenomenological model(axionic QCD string)is constructed to study the topological issues of the QCD vacuum and hadron structure.It provides an alternative way of tackling the Strong CP problem,which is different...A new phenomenological model(axionic QCD string)is constructed to study the topological issues of the QCD vacuum and hadron structure.It provides an alternative way of tackling the Strong CP problem,which is different from the traditional Peccei–Quinn approach.Neither new particle nor extra symmetry is introduced,and the role of the Peccei–Quinn axion is played by a quasiparticle arising from the phase of the quark condensate,dubbed as axionic excitation.The derivative of this excitation field is decomposed into a regular part and a singular part,and the latter contains vorticity from the string configuration.A hidden gauge symmetry is revealed in this decomposition and vorticity is represented by an emergent gauge field associated with anomalies.These components,together with the anomaly-inflow mechanism,complete the effective Lagrangian description for the axionic QCD string.展开更多
In this paper we consider a static spherically symmetric black hole(BH)embedded in a Dehnen-(1,4,0)-type dark matter(DM)halo in the presence of a cloud string.We examine and present data on how the core density of the...In this paper we consider a static spherically symmetric black hole(BH)embedded in a Dehnen-(1,4,0)-type dark matter(DM)halo in the presence of a cloud string.We examine and present data on how the core density of the DM halo parameter and the cloud string parameter affect BH attributes such as quasinormal modes(QNMs)and shadow cast.To do this,we first look into the effective potential of perturbation equations for three types of perturbation fields with different spins:massless scalar field,electromagnetic field and gravitational field.Then,using the sixth-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation,we examine QNMs of the BH disturbed by the three fields and derive quasinormal frequencies.The changes in QNM versus the core density parameter and the cloud string parameter for three disturbances are explored.We also investigate how the core density and the cloud string parameter affect the photon sphere and shadow radius.Interestingly,the study shows that the influence of Dehnen-type DM and cloud strings increases both the photon sphere and the shadow radius.Finally,we employ observational data from Sgr A^(*) and M87^(*) to set limitations on the BH parameters.展开更多
Wireless communication-enabled Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC)is expected to improve the safety and traffic capacity of vehicle platoons.Existing CACC considers a conventional communication delay with fixed ...Wireless communication-enabled Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC)is expected to improve the safety and traffic capacity of vehicle platoons.Existing CACC considers a conventional communication delay with fixed Vehicular Communication Network(VCN)topologies.However,when the network is under attack,the communication delay may be much higher,and the stability of the system may not be guaranteed.This paper proposes a novel communication Delay Aware CACC with Dynamic Network Topologies(DADNT).The main idea is that for various communication delays,in order to maximize the traffic capacity while guaranteeing stability and minimizing the following error,the CACC should dynamically adjust the VCN network topology to achieve the minimum inter-vehicle spacing.To this end,a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated,and a 3-step Divide-And-Conquer sub-optimal solution(3DAC)is proposed.Simulation results show that with 3DAC,the proposed DADNT with CACC can reduce the inter-vehicle spacing by 5%,10%,and 14%,respectively,compared with the traditional CACC with fixed one-vehicle,two-vehicle,and three-vehicle look-ahead network topologies,thereby improving the traffic efficiency.展开更多
In this paper, in Section 1, we have described some equations and theorems concerning the Lebesgue integral and the Lebesgue measure. In Section 2, we have described the possible mathematical applications, of Lebesgue...In this paper, in Section 1, we have described some equations and theorems concerning the Lebesgue integral and the Lebesgue measure. In Section 2, we have described the possible mathematical applications, of Lebesgue integration, in some equations concerning various sectors of Chern-Simons theory and Yang-Mills gauge theory, precisely the two dimensional quantum Yang-Mills theory. In conclusion, in Section 3, we have described also the possible mathematical connections with some sectors of String Theory and Number Theory, principally with some equations concerning the Ramanujan’s modular equations that are related to the physical vibrations of the bosonic strings and of the superstrings, some Ramanujan’s identities concerning π and the zeta strings.展开更多
During drilling operations,cyclic loading is exerted on the wellbore wall by the vibrations of the drill string.This loading could lead to rock fatigue,which in turn might result in wellbore failure.In this study,a nu...During drilling operations,cyclic loading is exerted on the wellbore wall by the vibrations of the drill string.This loading could lead to rock fatigue,which in turn might result in wellbore failure.In this study,a numerical model is developed to simulate the effects of repeated loading on rock fatigue and failure.The simulation is based on an elasto-plastic constitutive model coupled with a damage mechanics approach,which allows us to examine the wellbore instability due to drill string vibrations.The model is verified with the existing data in the literature related to experiments on impact of a steel ball against a curved wall.The findings indicate that cyclic loading increases the development of plastic strain around the wellbore significantly compared to static conditions,promoting rock fatigue.Furthermore,the cyclic loading expands the radius of the yielded zone substantially,a critical factor for maintaining wellbore integrity.The proposed model can be used to evaluate the wellbore stability under repetitive loading caused by the drill string action.展开更多
We consider a relativistic two-fluid model of superfluidity,in which the superfluid is described by an order parameter that is a complex scalar field satisfying the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation(NLKG).The coupling t...We consider a relativistic two-fluid model of superfluidity,in which the superfluid is described by an order parameter that is a complex scalar field satisfying the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation(NLKG).The coupling to the normal fluid is introduced via a covariant current-current interaction,which results in the addition of an effective potential,whose imaginary part describes particle transfer between superfluid and normal fluid.Quantized vorticity arises in a class of singular solutions and the related vortex dynamics is incorporated in the modified NLKG,facilitating numerical analysis which is usually very complicated in the phenomenology of vortex filaments.The dual transformation to a string theory description(Kalb-Ramond)of quantum vorticity,the Magnus force,and the mutual friction between quantized vortices and normal fluid are also studied.展开更多
This is a writeup of lectures delivered at the Asian Pacific Introductory School on Superstring and Related Topics in Beijing(2006)and an expanded version of these lectures given at the Third Summer School on Strings,...This is a writeup of lectures delivered at the Asian Pacific Introductory School on Superstring and Related Topics in Beijing(2006)and an expanded version of these lectures given at the Third Summer School on Strings,Fields and Holography in Nanjing(2023).It aims to provide both a historical and pedagogical account of developments in finding 1/2 Bogomol?nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield(BPS)extended string solitons during the early stage of the so-called second string revolution,before which these objects were thought to be unrelated to strings.Nonsupersymmetric solutions related to brane/anti brane systems or non-BPS systems are also discussed.展开更多
The complex vibration directly affects the dynamic safety of drill string in ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells.It is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of drill string to ensure the safety of dril...The complex vibration directly affects the dynamic safety of drill string in ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells.It is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of drill string to ensure the safety of drill string.Due to the super slenderness ratio of drill string,strong nonlinearity implied in dynamic analysis and the complex load environment,dynamic simulation of drill string faces great challenges.At present,many simulation methods have been developed to analyze drill string dynamics,and node iteration method is one of them.The node iteration method has a unique advantage in dealing with the contact characteristics between drill string and borehole wall,but its drawback is that the calculation consumes a considerable amount of time.This paper presents a dynamic simulation method of drilling string in extra-deep well based on successive over-relaxation node iterative method(SOR node iteration method).Through theoretical analysis and numerical examples,the correctness and validity of this method were verified,and the dynamics characteristics of drill string in extra-deep wells were calculated and analyzed.The results demonstrate that,in contrast to the conventional node iteration method,the SOR node iteration method can increase the computational efficiency by 48.2%while achieving comparable results.And the whirl trajectory of the extra-deep well drill string is extremely complicated,the maximum rotational speed downhole is approximately twice the rotational speed on the ground.The dynamic torque increases rapidly at the position of the bottom stabilizer,and the lateral vibration in the middle and lower parts of drill string is relatively intense.展开更多
1 In 2024,audiences were treated to something very special:new music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.That's right-new Mozart music!2 Leipzig Municipal Libraries announced their exciting find.Researchers came across thi...1 In 2024,audiences were treated to something very special:new music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.That's right-new Mozart music!2 Leipzig Municipal Libraries announced their exciting find.Researchers came across this lost work while updating the Köchel catalogue,a list of Mozart's compositions.The piece is a seven⁃movement string trio,written in the mid to late 1760s,when Mozart was very young.The handwritten manuscript,titled Serenate ex C,uses dark brown ink on off⁃white paper.Now,it's been renamed Ganz kleine Nachtmusik and lasts about 12 minutes.展开更多
The ground-state phase diagram and nonlocal order parameters of an infinite spin tetrahedron chain with inhomogeneous exchange couplings are investigated.It is shown that the phase boundaries of the three phases in th...The ground-state phase diagram and nonlocal order parameters of an infinite spin tetrahedron chain with inhomogeneous exchange couplings are investigated.It is shown that the phase boundaries of the three phases in the model can be determined precisely,in line with the precision of its ground-state energy.Numerical calculations using the regularized time-evolving block decimation(rTEBD)algorithm yield the locations of the two quantum critical points with an accuracy about 10 digits.Moreover,we explain how to calculate the parity-associated string order for the output wave function obtained through the rTEBD procedure,which not only reveals the presence of long-range correlations but also identifies the symmetry-protected topological order within the intermediate phase of the model.展开更多
Rice callus suspension culture(RCSC)has been shown to have anticancer activity based on cytotoxic activity on human colon and lung cancer cell lines.In the present study,the effect of RCSC on the expression of protein...Rice callus suspension culture(RCSC)has been shown to have anticancer activity based on cytotoxic activity on human colon and lung cancer cell lines.In the present study,the effect of RCSC on the expression of proteins in lung(A549)and colon(HT29)cancer cell lines was examined by using proteomics analysis.The protein-protein interaction study of differentially expressed proteins was done by using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(STRING),and the results showed that the proteins interacting with each other belong to different pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being ...BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being applied for the detection of stomach and small intestinal diseases,but its application in treating esophageal diseases is not widespread.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of detachable string MCE(ds-MCE)for the diagnosis of esophageal diseases.METHODS Fifty patients who had been diagnosed with esophageal diseases were pros-pectively recruited for this clinical study and underwent ds-MCE and conven-tional EGD.The primary endpoints included the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for patients with esophageal diseases.The secondary endpoints consisted of visualizing the esophageal and dentate lines,as well as the subjects'tolerance of the procedure.RESULTS Using EGD as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for esophageal disease detection were 85.71%,86.21%,81.82%,89.29%,and 86%,respectively.ds-MCE was more comfortable and convenient than EGD was,with 80%of patients feeling that ds-MCE examination was very comfortable or comfortable and 50%of patients believing that detachable string v examination was very convenient.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ds-MCE has the same diagnostic effects as traditional EGD for esophageal diseases and is more comfortable and convenient than EGD,providing a novel noninvasive method for treating esophageal diseases.展开更多
文摘In this paper, a simple mathematical model was proposed to answer such a question: what’s the relationship between the finger pressing position and the corresponding pitch for stringed instruments? Furthermore, we compared the theoretical results with measurement results which were obtained from a guitar to prove that the model we propose is reliable. Result shows that relative errors of theoretical results and measurement results are from 0.18% to 1.8%. The mathematics model is more concise, direct and clear than physical model.
文摘ERHU is a traditional Chinese two-stringed bowed musical instrument.It is the most popular of the huqin family of traditional bowed string instruments played in China.“Among Chinese bowed stringed instruments,erhu is the most widely used in a variety of folk arts,”said professor Li Ying of Minzu University of China.
文摘When we learn about Chinese traditional culture,we can find many interesting things.One of them is a special musical instrument—Erhu.The Erhu is a two-stringed instrument played with a bow.People often call it the Chinese violin or Chinese fiddle.It is one of the most famous and loved instruments in Chinese music.The Erhu has a small wooden body and a long neck.It is held on the lap,and the bow moves between the two strings to make music.
文摘Let F_(1)be the virtual field consisting of one element and(Q,I)a string pair.In this paper,we study the representations of string pairs over the virtual field F_(1).It is proved that an indecomposable F_(1)-representation is either a string representation or a band representation by using the coefficient quivers.It is worth noting that for a given band and a positive integer,there exists a unique band representation up to isomorphism.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52225401)。
文摘To optimize the bit selection for large-diameter wellbore in the upper section of an ultra-deep well S-1,a full-well dynamic model integrating drill string vibration and bit rock-breaking was established and then verified using measured vibration data of drilling tools and actual rate of penetration(ROP)from Well HT-1 in northern Sichuan Basin.This model was employed to calculate and analyze drill string dynamic characteristics during large-diameter wellbore drilling in the Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation of Well S-1,followed by bit optimization.Research results show that during the drilling in Penglaizhen Formation of Well S-1,considering both the ROP of six candidate bits and the lateral/axial/torsional vibration characteristics of downhole tools,the six-blade dual-row cutter bit with the fastest ROP(average 7.12 m/h)was optimally selected.When using this bit,the downhole tool vibration levels remained at medium-low values.Field data showed over 90%consistency between actual ROP data and dynamic model calculation results after bit placement,demonstrating that the model can be used for bit program screening.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao,Macao SAR(Nos.0021/2023/RIA1 and 0046/2021/A)a Faculty Research Grant of Macao University of Science and Technology(No.FRG-22-103-FIE)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61872167 and 61502205).
文摘String validation routines have been widely used in many real-world applications,such as email validation and postcode validation.String test cases are adopted to test these validation routines,to identify potential defects and security risks.Random Testing(RT)is a well-known testing approach to randomly generate string test cases from the input domain(i.e.,the set of all possible test inputs),which is simple to implement at a low cost.However,its testing effectiveness may be unsatisfactory for string validation routines.The main reason for this is that RT may have a high probability to generate invalid rather than valid string test cases,due to its randomness property.This research proposes a new RT approach based on the output types(i.e.,valid and invalid strings)for string validation routines,namely Output-type-guided Random Testing(RTO),which attempts to randomly generate both valid and invalid string test cases with a certain probability.This research performed an empirical study involving several real-world string validation routines collected from ten Java open-source projects,to investigate and compare testing performances of RT-O against the previous two widely-used RT methods.The results show that the generated string test cases by RT-O outperform test cases generated by other RT methods.
文摘The China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)is the fourth pulsed accelerator-driven neutron source in the world,and it achieved its design target of 100 kW in 2020.The planned China Spallation Neutron Source Phase II(CSNS-II)commenced in 2024.The CSNS-II linac design primarily involves the addition of a radio-frequency ion source and a section of a superconducting linear accelerator composed of two types of superconducting cavities,namely double-spoke and six-cell elliptical cavities,after the drift tube linac(DTL).The development of the double-spoke superconducting cavity began in early 2021,and by January 2023,the welding,post-processing,and vertical tests of two 324 MHz double-spoke cavity prototypes were completed,with vertical test gradients of 11.6 and 15 MV/m,and Q_(0)≥3×10^(10)@E_(acc)≤10 MV/m.The R&D of the cryomodule began in January 2022.In October 2023,the clean assembly of the double-spoke cavity string and cold mass installation of the cryomodule commenced,with the installation of the cryomodule and valve box completing in two months.In January 2024,a horizontal test of the cryomodule was completed,making it the first double-spoke cavity cryomodule in China.The test results showed that the maximum gradients of the two superconducting cavities at a pulse width of 4 ms and repetition frequency of 25 Hz were 12.8 and 15.2 MV/m,respectively.This article provides a detailed introduction to the double-spoke superconducting cavity,tuner,coupler,and cryomodule,elaborates on the clean assembly of the cavity string and cold mass installation of the cryomodule,and provides a detailed analysis of the horizontal test results.
文摘Winding 4,880 kilometers through six Asian countries before emptying into the sea,the Lancang-Mekong River is like a golden ribbon stringing the diverse yet similar ethnic cultures of China,Myanmar,Laos,Thailand,Cambodia,and Vietnam together.The Water Splashing Festival,for example,is a traditional festival observed by the Dai,Achang,De’ang,and Bulang ethnic groups in China,as well as a signifificant festival celebrated in Thailand,Myanmar,Laos,and Cambodia.More than a dozen cross-border ethnic groups residing in the countries create a colorful social tapestry that features cultural diversity,national amity,and shared historical memories that combine to forge a solid emotional basis for cooperation and common development of regional countries.Since it was offifficially launched in 2016,the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation(LMC)mechanism has grown signifificantly and yielded fruitful achievements,largely thanks to cultural and people-topeople exchanges,one of its three cooperation pillars.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2022J011130)the Research Starting Grant from Minjiang University(Grant No.30804317)。
文摘A new phenomenological model(axionic QCD string)is constructed to study the topological issues of the QCD vacuum and hadron structure.It provides an alternative way of tackling the Strong CP problem,which is different from the traditional Peccei–Quinn approach.Neither new particle nor extra symmetry is introduced,and the role of the Peccei–Quinn axion is played by a quasiparticle arising from the phase of the quark condensate,dubbed as axionic excitation.The derivative of this excitation field is decomposed into a regular part and a singular part,and the latter contains vorticity from the string configuration.A hidden gauge symmetry is revealed in this decomposition and vorticity is represented by an emergent gauge field associated with anomalies.These components,together with the anomaly-inflow mechanism,complete the effective Lagrangian description for the axionic QCD string.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11675143the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2020YFC2201503。
文摘In this paper we consider a static spherically symmetric black hole(BH)embedded in a Dehnen-(1,4,0)-type dark matter(DM)halo in the presence of a cloud string.We examine and present data on how the core density of the DM halo parameter and the cloud string parameter affect BH attributes such as quasinormal modes(QNMs)and shadow cast.To do this,we first look into the effective potential of perturbation equations for three types of perturbation fields with different spins:massless scalar field,electromagnetic field and gravitational field.Then,using the sixth-order Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation,we examine QNMs of the BH disturbed by the three fields and derive quasinormal frequencies.The changes in QNM versus the core density parameter and the cloud string parameter for three disturbances are explored.We also investigate how the core density and the cloud string parameter affect the photon sphere and shadow radius.Interestingly,the study shows that the influence of Dehnen-type DM and cloud strings increases both the photon sphere and the shadow radius.Finally,we employ observational data from Sgr A^(*) and M87^(*) to set limitations on the BH parameters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U21A20449in part by Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program under Grant BE2021013-2。
文摘Wireless communication-enabled Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC)is expected to improve the safety and traffic capacity of vehicle platoons.Existing CACC considers a conventional communication delay with fixed Vehicular Communication Network(VCN)topologies.However,when the network is under attack,the communication delay may be much higher,and the stability of the system may not be guaranteed.This paper proposes a novel communication Delay Aware CACC with Dynamic Network Topologies(DADNT).The main idea is that for various communication delays,in order to maximize the traffic capacity while guaranteeing stability and minimizing the following error,the CACC should dynamically adjust the VCN network topology to achieve the minimum inter-vehicle spacing.To this end,a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated,and a 3-step Divide-And-Conquer sub-optimal solution(3DAC)is proposed.Simulation results show that with 3DAC,the proposed DADNT with CACC can reduce the inter-vehicle spacing by 5%,10%,and 14%,respectively,compared with the traditional CACC with fixed one-vehicle,two-vehicle,and three-vehicle look-ahead network topologies,thereby improving the traffic efficiency.
文摘In this paper, in Section 1, we have described some equations and theorems concerning the Lebesgue integral and the Lebesgue measure. In Section 2, we have described the possible mathematical applications, of Lebesgue integration, in some equations concerning various sectors of Chern-Simons theory and Yang-Mills gauge theory, precisely the two dimensional quantum Yang-Mills theory. In conclusion, in Section 3, we have described also the possible mathematical connections with some sectors of String Theory and Number Theory, principally with some equations concerning the Ramanujan’s modular equations that are related to the physical vibrations of the bosonic strings and of the superstrings, some Ramanujan’s identities concerning π and the zeta strings.
基金funded by the Research council of Norway,Equinor and Sekal with NFR(Grant No.308826).
文摘During drilling operations,cyclic loading is exerted on the wellbore wall by the vibrations of the drill string.This loading could lead to rock fatigue,which in turn might result in wellbore failure.In this study,a numerical model is developed to simulate the effects of repeated loading on rock fatigue and failure.The simulation is based on an elasto-plastic constitutive model coupled with a damage mechanics approach,which allows us to examine the wellbore instability due to drill string vibrations.The model is verified with the existing data in the literature related to experiments on impact of a steel ball against a curved wall.The findings indicate that cyclic loading increases the development of plastic strain around the wellbore significantly compared to static conditions,promoting rock fatigue.Furthermore,the cyclic loading expands the radius of the yielded zone substantially,a critical factor for maintaining wellbore integrity.The proposed model can be used to evaluate the wellbore stability under repetitive loading caused by the drill string action.
文摘We consider a relativistic two-fluid model of superfluidity,in which the superfluid is described by an order parameter that is a complex scalar field satisfying the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation(NLKG).The coupling to the normal fluid is introduced via a covariant current-current interaction,which results in the addition of an effective potential,whose imaginary part describes particle transfer between superfluid and normal fluid.Quantized vorticity arises in a class of singular solutions and the related vortex dynamics is incorporated in the modified NLKG,facilitating numerical analysis which is usually very complicated in the phenomenology of vortex filaments.The dual transformation to a string theory description(Kalb-Ramond)of quantum vorticity,the Magnus force,and the mutual friction between quantized vortices and normal fluid are also studied.
基金the support by grants from the NNSF of China with Grant Nos.12275264 and 12247103。
文摘This is a writeup of lectures delivered at the Asian Pacific Introductory School on Superstring and Related Topics in Beijing(2006)and an expanded version of these lectures given at the Third Summer School on Strings,Fields and Holography in Nanjing(2023).It aims to provide both a historical and pedagogical account of developments in finding 1/2 Bogomol?nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield(BPS)extended string solitons during the early stage of the so-called second string revolution,before which these objects were thought to be unrelated to strings.Nonsupersymmetric solutions related to brane/anti brane systems or non-BPS systems are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174003,52374008).
文摘The complex vibration directly affects the dynamic safety of drill string in ultra-deep wells and extra-deep wells.It is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of drill string to ensure the safety of drill string.Due to the super slenderness ratio of drill string,strong nonlinearity implied in dynamic analysis and the complex load environment,dynamic simulation of drill string faces great challenges.At present,many simulation methods have been developed to analyze drill string dynamics,and node iteration method is one of them.The node iteration method has a unique advantage in dealing with the contact characteristics between drill string and borehole wall,but its drawback is that the calculation consumes a considerable amount of time.This paper presents a dynamic simulation method of drilling string in extra-deep well based on successive over-relaxation node iterative method(SOR node iteration method).Through theoretical analysis and numerical examples,the correctness and validity of this method were verified,and the dynamics characteristics of drill string in extra-deep wells were calculated and analyzed.The results demonstrate that,in contrast to the conventional node iteration method,the SOR node iteration method can increase the computational efficiency by 48.2%while achieving comparable results.And the whirl trajectory of the extra-deep well drill string is extremely complicated,the maximum rotational speed downhole is approximately twice the rotational speed on the ground.The dynamic torque increases rapidly at the position of the bottom stabilizer,and the lateral vibration in the middle and lower parts of drill string is relatively intense.
文摘1 In 2024,audiences were treated to something very special:new music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.That's right-new Mozart music!2 Leipzig Municipal Libraries announced their exciting find.Researchers came across this lost work while updating the Köchel catalogue,a list of Mozart's compositions.The piece is a seven⁃movement string trio,written in the mid to late 1760s,when Mozart was very young.The handwritten manuscript,titled Serenate ex C,uses dark brown ink on off⁃white paper.Now,it's been renamed Ganz kleine Nachtmusik and lasts about 12 minutes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12471443).
文摘The ground-state phase diagram and nonlocal order parameters of an infinite spin tetrahedron chain with inhomogeneous exchange couplings are investigated.It is shown that the phase boundaries of the three phases in the model can be determined precisely,in line with the precision of its ground-state energy.Numerical calculations using the regularized time-evolving block decimation(rTEBD)algorithm yield the locations of the two quantum critical points with an accuracy about 10 digits.Moreover,we explain how to calculate the parity-associated string order for the output wave function obtained through the rTEBD procedure,which not only reveals the presence of long-range correlations but also identifies the symmetry-protected topological order within the intermediate phase of the model.
文摘Rice callus suspension culture(RCSC)has been shown to have anticancer activity based on cytotoxic activity on human colon and lung cancer cell lines.In the present study,the effect of RCSC on the expression of proteins in lung(A549)and colon(HT29)cancer cell lines was examined by using proteomics analysis.The protein-protein interaction study of differentially expressed proteins was done by using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(STRING),and the results showed that the proteins interacting with each other belong to different pathways.
基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.18DZ1930309.
文摘BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being applied for the detection of stomach and small intestinal diseases,but its application in treating esophageal diseases is not widespread.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of detachable string MCE(ds-MCE)for the diagnosis of esophageal diseases.METHODS Fifty patients who had been diagnosed with esophageal diseases were pros-pectively recruited for this clinical study and underwent ds-MCE and conven-tional EGD.The primary endpoints included the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for patients with esophageal diseases.The secondary endpoints consisted of visualizing the esophageal and dentate lines,as well as the subjects'tolerance of the procedure.RESULTS Using EGD as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for esophageal disease detection were 85.71%,86.21%,81.82%,89.29%,and 86%,respectively.ds-MCE was more comfortable and convenient than EGD was,with 80%of patients feeling that ds-MCE examination was very comfortable or comfortable and 50%of patients believing that detachable string v examination was very convenient.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ds-MCE has the same diagnostic effects as traditional EGD for esophageal diseases and is more comfortable and convenient than EGD,providing a novel noninvasive method for treating esophageal diseases.
