Incorporating flexible conjugation breakers into conjugated polymers to develop intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors has garnered much attention.However,it still remains challenging to improve mechanical s...Incorporating flexible conjugation breakers into conjugated polymers to develop intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors has garnered much attention.However,it still remains challenging to improve mechanical stretchability without compromising the charge transport property of polymer semiconductors.Herein,we report an approach to enhance the mechanical stretchability of the polymer semiconductor while largely maintaining its semiconducting performance by incorporating di-2-thienylsulfide as the p-πconjugation units into the backbone of poly(3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolo-[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen)(PDPP-TT).Compared to the parent polymer PDPP-TT,the incorporation of the p-πconjugation units induces the twisting of the backbone and weakens the interchain packing order,resulting in higher crack onset strain and better mechanical durability.The polymer semiconductor in which the molar ratio of the repeat unit with di-2-thienylsulfides is 10%exhibits a crack onset strain greater than 100%and can retain its initial charge mobility after 1000 stretching-releasing cycles under 50%strain.Our studies show that incorporation of p-πconjugation units such as di-2-thienylsulfide into backbones of polymer semiconductors provides a feasible approach to balance the stretchability and charge mobility,thus making it a promising way for future development of stretchable polymer semiconductors.展开更多
Scalable printing of stretchable conjugated polymer films offers the opportunity to develop low-cost and large-area wearable electronics.However,achieving optimal film morphology to simultaneously improve energy dissi...Scalable printing of stretchable conjugated polymer films offers the opportunity to develop low-cost and large-area wearable electronics.However,achieving optimal film morphology to simultaneously improve energy dissipation and charge transport is still challenging for printed conjugated polymer films.Herein,we fabricate large-area stretchable conjugated polymer films with low crystallinity but strong chain alignment toward a high-performance wearable X-ray detector by simultaneously regulating fluid field and solidification dynamics during bar-coating.The strong fluid field aligns conjugated polymer chains in the coating direction and enhances solution aggregation in the initial wet layer,while sequential rapid solidification of the thin wet layer further restricts polymer crystallization but facilitates the alignment of aggregates,forming highly-aligned nanofiber networks within the elastomer phase.The elastomer-constrained nanofiber networks can further align with strain to maintain connectivity,providing an efficient charge transport channel during stretching.Consequently,the film shows high charge mobilities of 6.11 and 2.98 cm^(2)V^(−1)s^(−1)under 0%and 100%strains,among the highest values for stretchable conjugated polymer films.The designed film also exhibits a high sensitivity of 1757.2µC G_(yair)^(−1)cm^(−2)and an ultralow detection limit of 72.5 nG_(yair)s^(−1),maintaining good X-ray imaging capability before and after stretching.展开更多
As a stretchable seamless device,electronic skin(E-skin)has drawn enormous interest due to its skin-like sensing capability.Besides the basic perception of force and temperature,multiple perception that is beyond exis...As a stretchable seamless device,electronic skin(E-skin)has drawn enormous interest due to its skin-like sensing capability.Besides the basic perception of force and temperature,multiple perception that is beyond existing functions of human skin is becoming an important direction for E-skin developments.However,the present E-skins for multiple perceptions mainly rely on different sensing materials and heterogeneous integration,resulting in a complex device structure.Additionally,their stretchability is usually achieved by the complicated microstructure design of rigid materials.Here,we report an intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor based E-skin with a simple structure for multiple perceptions of force,temperature,and visible light.The E-skin is on the basis of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)nanofibers percolated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)composite polymer semiconductor,which is fabricated by a facile solution method.The E-skin shows reliable sensing capabilities when it is used to perceive strain,pressure,temperature,and visible light.Based on the E-skin,an intelligent robotic hand sensing and controlling system is further demonstrated.Compared with conventional E-skins for multiple perceptions,this E-skin only has a simple monolayer sensing membrane without the need of combining different sensing materials,heterogeneous integration,and complicated microstructure design.Such a strategy of utilizing intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor to create simple structured E-skin for multiple perceptions will promote the development of E-skins in a broad application scenario,such as artificial robotic skins,virtual reality,intelligent gloves,and biointegrated electronics.展开更多
Neurological electronic skin(E-skin)can process and transmit information in a distributed manner that achieves effective stimuli perception,holding great promise in neuroprosthetics and soft robotics.Neurological E-sk...Neurological electronic skin(E-skin)can process and transmit information in a distributed manner that achieves effective stimuli perception,holding great promise in neuroprosthetics and soft robotics.Neurological E-skin with multifunctional perception abilities can enable robots to precisely interact with the complex surrounding environment.However,current neurological E-skins that possess tactile,thermal,and visual perception abilities are usually prepared with rigid materials,bringing difficulties in realizing biologically synapse-like softness.Here,we report a soft multifunctional neurological E-skin(SMNE)comprised of a poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)nanofiber polymer semiconductor-based stretchable synaptic transistor and multiple soft artificial sensory receptors,which is capable of effectively perceiving force,thermal,and light stimuli.The stretchable synaptic transistor can convert electrical signals into transient channel currents analogous to the biological excitatory postsynaptic currents.And it also possesses both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity that mimics the human memory system.By integrating a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator,a soft thermoelectric device,and an elastic photodetector as artificial receptors,we further developed an SMNE that enables the robot to make precise actions in response to various surrounding stimuli.Compared with traditional neurological E-skin,our SMNE can maintain the softness and adaptability of biological synapses while perceiving multiple stimuli including force,temperature,and light.This SMNE could promote the advancement of E-skins for intelligent robot applications.展开更多
基金supported by NSFC(22322507,22075293)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Z220025)+2 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0520000,XDB0960101,GJTD-2020-02,YSBR-110)supported by NSFC(22021002,22090021,T2441002,22422509)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2022031).
文摘Incorporating flexible conjugation breakers into conjugated polymers to develop intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors has garnered much attention.However,it still remains challenging to improve mechanical stretchability without compromising the charge transport property of polymer semiconductors.Herein,we report an approach to enhance the mechanical stretchability of the polymer semiconductor while largely maintaining its semiconducting performance by incorporating di-2-thienylsulfide as the p-πconjugation units into the backbone of poly(3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolo-[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen)(PDPP-TT).Compared to the parent polymer PDPP-TT,the incorporation of the p-πconjugation units induces the twisting of the backbone and weakens the interchain packing order,resulting in higher crack onset strain and better mechanical durability.The polymer semiconductor in which the molar ratio of the repeat unit with di-2-thienylsulfides is 10%exhibits a crack onset strain greater than 100%and can retain its initial charge mobility after 1000 stretching-releasing cycles under 50%strain.Our studies show that incorporation of p-πconjugation units such as di-2-thienylsulfide into backbones of polymer semiconductors provides a feasible approach to balance the stretchability and charge mobility,thus making it a promising way for future development of stretchable polymer semiconductors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52433009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202501005)the Young Scientist Initiative Project of School of Materials Science and Engineering at Shaanxi Normal University(2024YSIP-MSE-SNNU012)。
文摘Scalable printing of stretchable conjugated polymer films offers the opportunity to develop low-cost and large-area wearable electronics.However,achieving optimal film morphology to simultaneously improve energy dissipation and charge transport is still challenging for printed conjugated polymer films.Herein,we fabricate large-area stretchable conjugated polymer films with low crystallinity but strong chain alignment toward a high-performance wearable X-ray detector by simultaneously regulating fluid field and solidification dynamics during bar-coating.The strong fluid field aligns conjugated polymer chains in the coating direction and enhances solution aggregation in the initial wet layer,while sequential rapid solidification of the thin wet layer further restricts polymer crystallization but facilitates the alignment of aggregates,forming highly-aligned nanofiber networks within the elastomer phase.The elastomer-constrained nanofiber networks can further align with strain to maintain connectivity,providing an efficient charge transport channel during stretching.Consequently,the film shows high charge mobilities of 6.11 and 2.98 cm^(2)V^(−1)s^(−1)under 0%and 100%strains,among the highest values for stretchable conjugated polymer films.The designed film also exhibits a high sensitivity of 1757.2µC G_(yair)^(−1)cm^(−2)and an ultralow detection limit of 72.5 nG_(yair)s^(−1),maintaining good X-ray imaging capability before and after stretching.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62074137)the Key Research,Development,and Promotion Program of Henan Province(No.202102210004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021TQ0288).
文摘As a stretchable seamless device,electronic skin(E-skin)has drawn enormous interest due to its skin-like sensing capability.Besides the basic perception of force and temperature,multiple perception that is beyond existing functions of human skin is becoming an important direction for E-skin developments.However,the present E-skins for multiple perceptions mainly rely on different sensing materials and heterogeneous integration,resulting in a complex device structure.Additionally,their stretchability is usually achieved by the complicated microstructure design of rigid materials.Here,we report an intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor based E-skin with a simple structure for multiple perceptions of force,temperature,and visible light.The E-skin is on the basis of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)nanofibers percolated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)composite polymer semiconductor,which is fabricated by a facile solution method.The E-skin shows reliable sensing capabilities when it is used to perceive strain,pressure,temperature,and visible light.Based on the E-skin,an intelligent robotic hand sensing and controlling system is further demonstrated.Compared with conventional E-skins for multiple perceptions,this E-skin only has a simple monolayer sensing membrane without the need of combining different sensing materials,heterogeneous integration,and complicated microstructure design.Such a strategy of utilizing intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor to create simple structured E-skin for multiple perceptions will promote the development of E-skins in a broad application scenario,such as artificial robotic skins,virtual reality,intelligent gloves,and biointegrated electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62074137)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund of Henan(No.232301420033)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021TQ0288 and 2022M712852).
文摘Neurological electronic skin(E-skin)can process and transmit information in a distributed manner that achieves effective stimuli perception,holding great promise in neuroprosthetics and soft robotics.Neurological E-skin with multifunctional perception abilities can enable robots to precisely interact with the complex surrounding environment.However,current neurological E-skins that possess tactile,thermal,and visual perception abilities are usually prepared with rigid materials,bringing difficulties in realizing biologically synapse-like softness.Here,we report a soft multifunctional neurological E-skin(SMNE)comprised of a poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)nanofiber polymer semiconductor-based stretchable synaptic transistor and multiple soft artificial sensory receptors,which is capable of effectively perceiving force,thermal,and light stimuli.The stretchable synaptic transistor can convert electrical signals into transient channel currents analogous to the biological excitatory postsynaptic currents.And it also possesses both short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity that mimics the human memory system.By integrating a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator,a soft thermoelectric device,and an elastic photodetector as artificial receptors,we further developed an SMNE that enables the robot to make precise actions in response to various surrounding stimuli.Compared with traditional neurological E-skin,our SMNE can maintain the softness and adaptability of biological synapses while perceiving multiple stimuli including force,temperature,and light.This SMNE could promote the advancement of E-skins for intelligent robot applications.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0703200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973154)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(20JCZDJC00680)。
