For making better use of nucleic acid resources of Gossypium hirsutum, a data-mining method was used to identify putative genes responsive to various abiotic stresses in G. hirsutum. Based on the compiled database inc...For making better use of nucleic acid resources of Gossypium hirsutum, a data-mining method was used to identify putative genes responsive to various abiotic stresses in G. hirsutum. Based on the compiled database including genes involved in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana and the comprehensive analysis tool of GENEVESTIGATOR v3, 826 genes up-regulated or down-regulated significantly in roots or leaves during salt or cold treatment in Arabidopsis were identified. As compared to these 826 Arabidopsis genes annotated, 38 homologous expressed sequence tags （ESTs） from G. hirsutum were selected randomly and their expression patterns were studied using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Among these 38 ESTs, about 55% of the genes （21 of 38） were different in response to ABA between cotton and Arabidopsis, whereas 70% of genes had similar responses to cold and salt treatments, and some of them which had not been characterized in Arabidopsis are now being investigated in gene function studies. According to these results, this approach of analyzing ESTs appears effective in large-scale identification of cotton genes involved in abiotic stress and might be adopted to determine gene functions in various biologic processes in cotton.展开更多
We developed an inversion technique to determine in situ stresses for elliptical boreholes of arbitrary trajectory. In this approach, borehole geometry, drilling-induced fracture information, and other available leak-...We developed an inversion technique to determine in situ stresses for elliptical boreholes of arbitrary trajectory. In this approach, borehole geometry, drilling-induced fracture information, and other available leak-off test data were used to construct a mathematical model, which was in turn applied to finding the inverse of an overdetermined system of equations.The method has been demonstrated by a case study in the Appalachian Basin, USA. The calculated horizontal stresses are in reasonable agreement with the reported regional stress study of the area, although there are no field measurement data of the studied well for direct calibration. The results also indicate that 2% of axis difference in the elliptical borehole geometry can cause a 5% difference in minimum horizontal stress calculation and a 10% difference in maximum horizontal stress calculation.展开更多
It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) receiv...It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) received by the remote sensor is triggered not only by the substance temperature and also by the stress. Separating quantitatively these two kinds of electromagnetic radiation energy and then inversing the actual temperature state and stress state of a medium is a matter with practical significance in earthquake prediction and stability monitoring for the large-scale geotechnical engineering. In this paper the principle and the mathematical method for inversing stress by using multiband remote sensing data are discussed in detail. A calculation example is listed.展开更多
Lithospheric stress in Mongolia has been studied using mechanisms of 84 M_(LH)≥ 4 earthquakes that occurred in the 20 th century and instrumental seismic moments of 17,375 M_(LH)≥2.5 events recorded between 1970 and...Lithospheric stress in Mongolia has been studied using mechanisms of 84 M_(LH)≥ 4 earthquakes that occurred in the 20 th century and instrumental seismic moments of 17,375 M_(LH)≥2.5 events recorded between 1970 and 2000.The M_(LH)≥ 3.5 earthquakes mostly have strike-slip mechanisms in southern and central Mongolia,with frequent reverse-slip motions in the west and normal slip in the north,especially,in the area of Lake Hovsgol.The principal stresses are,respectively,S_H>S_v>S_h in the center and in the south;high horizontal compression with S_H>S_h>S_v in the west;and a heterogeneous stress pattern with S_v>S_H>S_h in the north.According to seismic moments of M_(LH)=2.5 events,oblique slip generally predominates over the territory,at S_v≈S_H>>S_h,while frequent strike slip motions in the west record high horizontal compression(S_H>S_v>S_h).Earthquake mechanisms show the principal horizontal compression S_H to be directed W-E in the east,NE-SW in the central and Gobi-Altay regions,and approximately N-S in the west of Mongolia.The patterns of principal lithospheric stresses in the territory of Mongolia have undergone three events of dramatic change for a few recent decades,and these events were synchronous with three similar events in the Baikal rift system(BRS):in the latest 1960 s,latest 1970 s to earliest 1980 s,and in the latest 1980 s to earliest 1990 s.The seismicity of Mongolia has been controlled by superposition of variable stresses associated with rifting activity pulses in the neighbor BRS on the background of quasi-stationary super-regional compression.展开更多
The relationship between the earth stress field, earth surface displacement field and the gravity variation is deduced. Algorithms based on the boundary element method to compute the earth stress variation using the e...The relationship between the earth stress field, earth surface displacement field and the gravity variation is deduced. Algorithms based on the boundary element method to compute the earth stress variation using the earth surface displacement is discussed. The stress field variation in Jiashi region, Xinjiang, China is obtained from the GPS data observed in 1997 and 1998, respectively, and the relationship among the local stress field variation, seismic activities and fault tectonic activities is discussed.展开更多
Paleostress plays a significant role in controlling the formation, accumulation, and distribution of reservoirs, and this could be an important factor in controlling the production of hydrocarbons from the unconventio...Paleostress plays a significant role in controlling the formation, accumulation, and distribution of reservoirs, and this could be an important factor in controlling the production of hydrocarbons from the unconventional reservoirs. In this study, we will use 3D seismic reflection data to perform the slip-tendency-based stress inversion to determine the stress field in the basement of the northern slope area in the Bongor Basin. The dataset for this technique is easily available in the oil and gas companies. The stress inversion results from the basement of the northern slope area of Bongor basin show that the maximum principal stress axis (σ1) is oriented vertically, the intermediate principal stress axis (σ2) is oriented N18° and the minimum principal stress axis (σ3) is oriented N105°, and σ2/σ1 = 0.60 and σ3/σ1 = 0.29. The findings of this paper provide significant information to understand the fault reactivation at the critical stage of hydrocarbon accumulation and the regional tectonic evolution.展开更多
DSS data of the last twenty years and more in the northern part of North China are further interpreted, and combined with other geological and geophysical data, the crustal model for the 3 D finite element method is ...DSS data of the last twenty years and more in the northern part of North China are further interpreted, and combined with other geological and geophysical data, the crustal model for the 3 D finite element method is built after straticulate crustal structure and elastic mechanics parameters are obtained. Referring to regional tectonic stress field and taking the effect of gravity into account, the paper constrains properly the model boundary and then computes the displacement of each nodal point and the strain and stress of each element by using the program from the 3 D linear elastic finite method. The relationship between the distribution feature of the crustal stress field and seismicity is discussed on the basis of analyzing contour maps of maximum principal compressive stress in the upper, middle and lower crusts.展开更多
The probability distributions of the critical threshold chloride concentration Ccr, the chloride diffusion coefficient D, and the surface chloride concentration Cs are determined based on the collected natural exposur...The probability distributions of the critical threshold chloride concentration Ccr, the chloride diffusion coefficient D, and the surface chloride concentration Cs are determined based on the collected natural exposure data, and the probability estimation of reinforcement depassivation in concrete is presented using Monte-Carlo simulation. From sensitivity analysis of mean value for ccr, cs, and D on the depassivation probability of reinforcement, it is found that ccr, cs, and D respectively has the greatest, smaller, and the lowest effect on the probability of depassivation. Finally the effect of stress state of concrete on the reinforcement depassivation probability is analyzed. It is found that the influence of stress state becomes apparent as exposure time increases.展开更多
oupled stress release model is proposed in the paper considering the interaction between different parts based on stress release model by VereJones, and is used to historical earthquake data from North China. The resu...oupled stress release model is proposed in the paper considering the interaction between different parts based on stress release model by VereJones, and is used to historical earthquake data from North China. The results by this model are compared with the results by original stress release model using AIC criterion. The results show that coupled stress release model is better than original model.展开更多
Moment tensor inversion was carried out for small and moderate earthquakes with near-source broadband data recorded by a temporal small-aperture network consisting of three component accelerographs. Accelerograms were...Moment tensor inversion was carried out for small and moderate earthquakes with near-source broadband data recorded by a temporal small-aperture network consisting of three component accelerographs. Accelerograms were integrated twice to produce displacement seismograms and filtered by a Butterworth band-pass filter. Green's functions were calculated for a homogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium in the inversion. Direct P,S and converted SP phases were identified for the inversion with reference to the synthetic seismograms. Through the moment tensor inversion it is demonstrated that with very simple structure model and selected phases, one is able to retrieve the source mechanism and the seismic moment for small events, andthe source mechanism for moderate events. It is also demonstrated that the technique described in this studyis convenient for the determination of source mechanismal and stress state in dealing with numbers of small andmoderate earthquakes without detailed knowledge about the structure. As an application of the present technique, moment tensors of 15 aftershocks of the Ms 6. 1 earthquake occurred on April 18, 1985 in Luquan,Yunnan Province, China were retrieved. The inversion results show that these events can be reasonably modeled by a predominant double couple. It can be found from the distribution of principal stress axes and the average moment tensor that the pressure axis in this area lies horizontally in the NNW direction, which is consistent with the results obtained from previous studies. It implies that the occurrence of the Luquan earthquake sequence is tectonically related to the relative collision motion between the Indian and Eurasian Plates.展开更多
Temporally fine-grained and objective measures of mental states or their surrogate states are desperately needed in clinical psychiatry. Stress, both acute and especially chronic stress, is an important mental and phy...Temporally fine-grained and objective measures of mental states or their surrogate states are desperately needed in clinical psychiatry. Stress, both acute and especially chronic stress, is an important mental and physiological state observed in many mental disorders. It is a potential precipitant of acute psychiatric decompensations, be they anxious, affective, psychotic, or behavioural. Thus, being able to objectively follow stress or its surrogate parameters over time in a clinician-friendly way would help predict and prevent decompensations and monitor subsequent treatment success. Thus, we introduce the Compound Spectral Stress Indices (CSSI) that are derived from sensing data of various physiological and physiological and behavioural parameters we use as surrogate stress measures. To obtain the CSSI we use a hierarchical approach provided by adaptability, congruency and derived stress coefficient matrices. Adaptability is defined as a macroscopic characterisation of physiological and physiological and behavioural performance constructed as a product of the total variation of time-segmented complexity indices multiplied by the frequency of the time-varying distribution of complexity indices of the measured physiological or physiological and behavioural parameters, where complexity is expressed in terms of the Hurst exponent. Congruency is expressed by a constant characterising a demand-resource balance and it is then expressed in the form of a stress coefficient matrix. The CSSI is given by the spectral distance of the stress coefficient matrices from the ideal demand-resource matrix.展开更多
The determination of structural dynamic stress spectrum distribution is of great signifi- cance in the structural fatigue strength evaluation as well as reliability design. In previous empirical data processing method...The determination of structural dynamic stress spectrum distribution is of great signifi- cance in the structural fatigue strength evaluation as well as reliability design. In previous empirical data processing methods, the data grouping and distribution fitting were excessively coarse and contained distinctive defects. This paper proposed an effective approach to statistically group actual measured dynamic stress data and validly extrapolate the combined distribution to fit the dynamic stress spectrum distribution. This approach has been verified its effectiveness through chi-square test, stress spectrum extrapolation and damage calculation in dynamic stress study.展开更多
基金Supports from Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest in China (3-19) the National Transgenic Plants Project of China(2008ZX08005-004) are kindly appreciated
文摘For making better use of nucleic acid resources of Gossypium hirsutum, a data-mining method was used to identify putative genes responsive to various abiotic stresses in G. hirsutum. Based on the compiled database including genes involved in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana and the comprehensive analysis tool of GENEVESTIGATOR v3, 826 genes up-regulated or down-regulated significantly in roots or leaves during salt or cold treatment in Arabidopsis were identified. As compared to these 826 Arabidopsis genes annotated, 38 homologous expressed sequence tags （ESTs） from G. hirsutum were selected randomly and their expression patterns were studied using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Among these 38 ESTs, about 55% of the genes （21 of 38） were different in response to ABA between cotton and Arabidopsis, whereas 70% of genes had similar responses to cold and salt treatments, and some of them which had not been characterized in Arabidopsis are now being investigated in gene function studies. According to these results, this approach of analyzing ESTs appears effective in large-scale identification of cotton genes involved in abiotic stress and might be adopted to determine gene functions in various biologic processes in cotton.
基金support of the United States Department of Energy (DE-FE0026825, UCFER-University Coalition for Fossil Energy Research)
文摘We developed an inversion technique to determine in situ stresses for elliptical boreholes of arbitrary trajectory. In this approach, borehole geometry, drilling-induced fracture information, and other available leak-off test data were used to construct a mathematical model, which was in turn applied to finding the inverse of an overdetermined system of equations.The method has been demonstrated by a case study in the Appalachian Basin, USA. The calculated horizontal stresses are in reasonable agreement with the reported regional stress study of the area, although there are no field measurement data of the studied well for direct calibration. The results also indicate that 2% of axis difference in the elliptical borehole geometry can cause a 5% difference in minimum horizontal stress calculation and a 10% difference in maximum horizontal stress calculation.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China (40041001) Joint Seismological Science Foundation of China (201012).
文摘It has been proved through experiments that the electromagnetic radiation energy of a substance will vary when stress acts on the substance. This moment, the electromagnetic radiation energy (observation value) received by the remote sensor is triggered not only by the substance temperature and also by the stress. Separating quantitatively these two kinds of electromagnetic radiation energy and then inversing the actual temperature state and stress state of a medium is a matter with practical significance in earthquake prediction and stability monitoring for the large-scale geotechnical engineering. In this paper the principle and the mathematical method for inversing stress by using multiband remote sensing data are discussed in detail. A calculation example is listed.
基金supported by Grants 09-05-00014-a and 08-05-90201-Mong_a from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research
文摘Lithospheric stress in Mongolia has been studied using mechanisms of 84 M_(LH)≥ 4 earthquakes that occurred in the 20 th century and instrumental seismic moments of 17,375 M_(LH)≥2.5 events recorded between 1970 and 2000.The M_(LH)≥ 3.5 earthquakes mostly have strike-slip mechanisms in southern and central Mongolia,with frequent reverse-slip motions in the west and normal slip in the north,especially,in the area of Lake Hovsgol.The principal stresses are,respectively,S_H>S_v>S_h in the center and in the south;high horizontal compression with S_H>S_h>S_v in the west;and a heterogeneous stress pattern with S_v>S_H>S_h in the north.According to seismic moments of M_(LH)=2.5 events,oblique slip generally predominates over the territory,at S_v≈S_H>>S_h,while frequent strike slip motions in the west record high horizontal compression(S_H>S_v>S_h).Earthquake mechanisms show the principal horizontal compression S_H to be directed W-E in the east,NE-SW in the central and Gobi-Altay regions,and approximately N-S in the west of Mongolia.The patterns of principal lithospheric stresses in the territory of Mongolia have undergone three events of dramatic change for a few recent decades,and these events were synchronous with three similar events in the Baikal rift system(BRS):in the latest 1960 s,latest 1970 s to earliest 1980 s,and in the latest 1980 s to earliest 1990 s.The seismicity of Mongolia has been controlled by superposition of variable stresses associated with rifting activity pulses in the neighbor BRS on the background of quasi-stationary super-regional compression.
基金State Natural Science Foundation of China !(49774214)the State Key Project !(96-913-07).
文摘The relationship between the earth stress field, earth surface displacement field and the gravity variation is deduced. Algorithms based on the boundary element method to compute the earth stress variation using the earth surface displacement is discussed. The stress field variation in Jiashi region, Xinjiang, China is obtained from the GPS data observed in 1997 and 1998, respectively, and the relationship among the local stress field variation, seismic activities and fault tectonic activities is discussed.
文摘Paleostress plays a significant role in controlling the formation, accumulation, and distribution of reservoirs, and this could be an important factor in controlling the production of hydrocarbons from the unconventional reservoirs. In this study, we will use 3D seismic reflection data to perform the slip-tendency-based stress inversion to determine the stress field in the basement of the northern slope area in the Bongor Basin. The dataset for this technique is easily available in the oil and gas companies. The stress inversion results from the basement of the northern slope area of Bongor basin show that the maximum principal stress axis (σ1) is oriented vertically, the intermediate principal stress axis (σ2) is oriented N18° and the minimum principal stress axis (σ3) is oriented N105°, and σ2/σ1 = 0.60 and σ3/σ1 = 0.29. The findings of this paper provide significant information to understand the fault reactivation at the critical stage of hydrocarbon accumulation and the regional tectonic evolution.
文摘DSS data of the last twenty years and more in the northern part of North China are further interpreted, and combined with other geological and geophysical data, the crustal model for the 3 D finite element method is built after straticulate crustal structure and elastic mechanics parameters are obtained. Referring to regional tectonic stress field and taking the effect of gravity into account, the paper constrains properly the model boundary and then computes the displacement of each nodal point and the strain and stress of each element by using the program from the 3 D linear elastic finite method. The relationship between the distribution feature of the crustal stress field and seismicity is discussed on the basis of analyzing contour maps of maximum principal compressive stress in the upper, middle and lower crusts.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50908148and 50925829)Research Project of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China (Nos.2009-K4-23, 2010-11-33)National KeyTechnologies R&D Program of China (No.2006BAJ02B04)
文摘The probability distributions of the critical threshold chloride concentration Ccr, the chloride diffusion coefficient D, and the surface chloride concentration Cs are determined based on the collected natural exposure data, and the probability estimation of reinforcement depassivation in concrete is presented using Monte-Carlo simulation. From sensitivity analysis of mean value for ccr, cs, and D on the depassivation probability of reinforcement, it is found that ccr, cs, and D respectively has the greatest, smaller, and the lowest effect on the probability of depassivation. Finally the effect of stress state of concrete on the reinforcement depassivation probability is analyzed. It is found that the influence of stress state becomes apparent as exposure time increases.
文摘oupled stress release model is proposed in the paper considering the interaction between different parts based on stress release model by VereJones, and is used to historical earthquake data from North China. The results by this model are compared with the results by original stress release model using AIC criterion. The results show that coupled stress release model is better than original model.
文摘Moment tensor inversion was carried out for small and moderate earthquakes with near-source broadband data recorded by a temporal small-aperture network consisting of three component accelerographs. Accelerograms were integrated twice to produce displacement seismograms and filtered by a Butterworth band-pass filter. Green's functions were calculated for a homogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium in the inversion. Direct P,S and converted SP phases were identified for the inversion with reference to the synthetic seismograms. Through the moment tensor inversion it is demonstrated that with very simple structure model and selected phases, one is able to retrieve the source mechanism and the seismic moment for small events, andthe source mechanism for moderate events. It is also demonstrated that the technique described in this studyis convenient for the determination of source mechanismal and stress state in dealing with numbers of small andmoderate earthquakes without detailed knowledge about the structure. As an application of the present technique, moment tensors of 15 aftershocks of the Ms 6. 1 earthquake occurred on April 18, 1985 in Luquan,Yunnan Province, China were retrieved. The inversion results show that these events can be reasonably modeled by a predominant double couple. It can be found from the distribution of principal stress axes and the average moment tensor that the pressure axis in this area lies horizontally in the NNW direction, which is consistent with the results obtained from previous studies. It implies that the occurrence of the Luquan earthquake sequence is tectonically related to the relative collision motion between the Indian and Eurasian Plates.
文摘Temporally fine-grained and objective measures of mental states or their surrogate states are desperately needed in clinical psychiatry. Stress, both acute and especially chronic stress, is an important mental and physiological state observed in many mental disorders. It is a potential precipitant of acute psychiatric decompensations, be they anxious, affective, psychotic, or behavioural. Thus, being able to objectively follow stress or its surrogate parameters over time in a clinician-friendly way would help predict and prevent decompensations and monitor subsequent treatment success. Thus, we introduce the Compound Spectral Stress Indices (CSSI) that are derived from sensing data of various physiological and physiological and behavioural parameters we use as surrogate stress measures. To obtain the CSSI we use a hierarchical approach provided by adaptability, congruency and derived stress coefficient matrices. Adaptability is defined as a macroscopic characterisation of physiological and physiological and behavioural performance constructed as a product of the total variation of time-segmented complexity indices multiplied by the frequency of the time-varying distribution of complexity indices of the measured physiological or physiological and behavioural parameters, where complexity is expressed in terms of the Hurst exponent. Congruency is expressed by a constant characterising a demand-resource balance and it is then expressed in the form of a stress coefficient matrix. The CSSI is given by the spectral distance of the stress coefficient matrices from the ideal demand-resource matrix.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1134201)
文摘The determination of structural dynamic stress spectrum distribution is of great signifi- cance in the structural fatigue strength evaluation as well as reliability design. In previous empirical data processing methods, the data grouping and distribution fitting were excessively coarse and contained distinctive defects. This paper proposed an effective approach to statistically group actual measured dynamic stress data and validly extrapolate the combined distribution to fit the dynamic stress spectrum distribution. This approach has been verified its effectiveness through chi-square test, stress spectrum extrapolation and damage calculation in dynamic stress study.
