In the early 1990 s, the Foundation for Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul State(CIENTEC)developed a pioneering study in Brazil, related to the simultaneous mining of multiple coal seams.One of the activities...In the early 1990 s, the Foundation for Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul State(CIENTEC)developed a pioneering study in Brazil, related to the simultaneous mining of multiple coal seams.One of the activities included detailed studies on the geomechanical characterization of materials present in the Irapua coal seam, under exploitation in the A-Sangao Mine, located near the city of Criciuma-SC,within the South-Catarinense coalfield. The goal of the laboratory tests was to define the behavior of the uniaxial compressive strength of the Irapua coal seam and establish a first approximation for the in situ strength value of this coal seam, since existing knowledge is solely based on practical mining experience over the years. Large samples of the coal seam were collected, using special techniques to maintain the integrity of the material, and a set of 56 uniaxial compression tests in cubic specimens, with side length ranging from 4.5 to 31 cm, were conducted in laboratory. This paper describes the experimental techniques used in the assays, and also presents the uniaxial compression strength results obtained.Moreover, important aspects of this type of study are considered, highlighting the size effect for the carbonaceous bed and the estimation of in situ strength values for the Irapua coal seam.展开更多
This paper studies the effect of sample size on the stress-strain behavior and strength characteristics of geotextile reinforced sand using the finite element numerical analysis. The effect of sample size was investig...This paper studies the effect of sample size on the stress-strain behavior and strength characteristics of geotextile reinforced sand using the finite element numerical analysis. The effect of sample size was investigated by studying the effects of varying the number of geotextile layers, the confining pressure and the type of geotextile. Modeling was performed on samples with five different diameters: 38, 100, 200, 500 and 600 mm. The elastic-plastic Mohr-Coulomb model was used to simulate sand behavior. Results showed that small-sized samples show higher values of peak strength and higher axial strain at failure in comparison with large-sized samples. The size effect on the behavior of samples became further apparent when the number of geotextile layers was increased or the confining pressure was decreased. In addition, the results indicated that the magnitude of the size effect on the mechanical behavior of reinforced sand decreases with an increase in the sample size.展开更多
A certain strength is required for the window glasses in tall buildings due to the high wind pressure. The strength for large size glasses is generally deduced from the testing results of specimens with samll sizes by...A certain strength is required for the window glasses in tall buildings due to the high wind pressure. The strength for large size glasses is generally deduced from the testing results of specimens with samll sizes by the Weibull statistics theory. By a great deal of experiments the authors have studied the thickness , span and width effects of flat glasses of on bending strength under biaxial stresses. Compared with the Weibull theory, the accuracy of strength is determined and a modification is made for the volume effect proposed by Weibull. The size effect of Weibull modulus is investigated as well and the reasonable specification for flat glass strength is suggested.展开更多
To explore the specimen size effect of mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained(UFG)materials with different structures,UFG Al sheets processed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)were selected as target materials ...To explore the specimen size effect of mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained(UFG)materials with different structures,UFG Al sheets processed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)were selected as target materials and the dependency of tensile behavior on sheet thickness(t)was systematically investigated.The strength and ductility of ECAPed UFG Al sheets were improved synchronously as t increased from 0.2 to 0.7 mm,and then no apparent change occurred when t reached to 0.7 and 1.0 mm.The corresponding microstructure evolved from dislocation networks in equiaxed grains into the walls and subgrains and finally into the dominated cells in elongated grains or subgrains.Meanwhile,dense shear lines(SLs)and shear bands(SBs)were clearly observed and microvoids and cracks were initiated along SBs with the increase of t.These observations indicated that the plastic deformation of UFG Al sheets was jointly controlled by shear banding,dislocation sliding,and grain-boundary sliding.Furthermore,the propagation of SBs became difficult as t increased.Finally,the obtained results were discussed and compared with those of annealed UFG Al and UFG Cu.展开更多
A simple method is developed for predicting the fracture behaviour of structures made of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and rock using the data from laboratory-sized specimens. The method is based on the rec...A simple method is developed for predicting the fracture behaviour of structures made of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and rock using the data from laboratory-sized specimens. The method is based on the recently-developed boundary effect concept and associated asymptotic model. It is demonstrated that the “apparent” size dependence of fracture behaviour of concrete and rock is in fact due to the influence of specimen boundaries. Various size effect phenomena that are often observed in fracture mechanics tests of concrete and rock are related to each other, and the asymptotic boundary effect model can explain all the observed “size” effect phenomena. Four types of experimental results available in the literature (including the data measured on (1) the specimens of identical size with different crack-to-size (%α%) ratios, (2) specimens of different sizes with different %α%-ratios, (3) different types of specimens and (4) geometrically similar specimens) are used to verify the asymptotic boundary effect model, and it is found that the predictions of the model agree very well with the experimental results. Furthermore, the important fracture properties, fracture toughness %K_{IC}% and strength %f_t% of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and rock can also be calculated using the formulae provided in the model.展开更多
文摘In the early 1990 s, the Foundation for Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul State(CIENTEC)developed a pioneering study in Brazil, related to the simultaneous mining of multiple coal seams.One of the activities included detailed studies on the geomechanical characterization of materials present in the Irapua coal seam, under exploitation in the A-Sangao Mine, located near the city of Criciuma-SC,within the South-Catarinense coalfield. The goal of the laboratory tests was to define the behavior of the uniaxial compressive strength of the Irapua coal seam and establish a first approximation for the in situ strength value of this coal seam, since existing knowledge is solely based on practical mining experience over the years. Large samples of the coal seam were collected, using special techniques to maintain the integrity of the material, and a set of 56 uniaxial compression tests in cubic specimens, with side length ranging from 4.5 to 31 cm, were conducted in laboratory. This paper describes the experimental techniques used in the assays, and also presents the uniaxial compression strength results obtained.Moreover, important aspects of this type of study are considered, highlighting the size effect for the carbonaceous bed and the estimation of in situ strength values for the Irapua coal seam.
文摘This paper studies the effect of sample size on the stress-strain behavior and strength characteristics of geotextile reinforced sand using the finite element numerical analysis. The effect of sample size was investigated by studying the effects of varying the number of geotextile layers, the confining pressure and the type of geotextile. Modeling was performed on samples with five different diameters: 38, 100, 200, 500 and 600 mm. The elastic-plastic Mohr-Coulomb model was used to simulate sand behavior. Results showed that small-sized samples show higher values of peak strength and higher axial strain at failure in comparison with large-sized samples. The size effect on the behavior of samples became further apparent when the number of geotextile layers was increased or the confining pressure was decreased. In addition, the results indicated that the magnitude of the size effect on the mechanical behavior of reinforced sand decreases with an increase in the sample size.
文摘A certain strength is required for the window glasses in tall buildings due to the high wind pressure. The strength for large size glasses is generally deduced from the testing results of specimens with samll sizes by the Weibull statistics theory. By a great deal of experiments the authors have studied the thickness , span and width effects of flat glasses of on bending strength under biaxial stresses. Compared with the Weibull theory, the accuracy of strength is determined and a modification is made for the volume effect proposed by Weibull. The size effect of Weibull modulus is investigated as well and the reasonable specification for flat glass strength is suggested.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51571058 and 51871048)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, China (No. ATM20170001)
文摘To explore the specimen size effect of mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained(UFG)materials with different structures,UFG Al sheets processed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)were selected as target materials and the dependency of tensile behavior on sheet thickness(t)was systematically investigated.The strength and ductility of ECAPed UFG Al sheets were improved synchronously as t increased from 0.2 to 0.7 mm,and then no apparent change occurred when t reached to 0.7 and 1.0 mm.The corresponding microstructure evolved from dislocation networks in equiaxed grains into the walls and subgrains and finally into the dominated cells in elongated grains or subgrains.Meanwhile,dense shear lines(SLs)and shear bands(SBs)were clearly observed and microvoids and cracks were initiated along SBs with the increase of t.These observations indicated that the plastic deformation of UFG Al sheets was jointly controlled by shear banding,dislocation sliding,and grain-boundary sliding.Furthermore,the propagation of SBs became difficult as t increased.Finally,the obtained results were discussed and compared with those of annealed UFG Al and UFG Cu.
文摘A simple method is developed for predicting the fracture behaviour of structures made of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and rock using the data from laboratory-sized specimens. The method is based on the recently-developed boundary effect concept and associated asymptotic model. It is demonstrated that the “apparent” size dependence of fracture behaviour of concrete and rock is in fact due to the influence of specimen boundaries. Various size effect phenomena that are often observed in fracture mechanics tests of concrete and rock are related to each other, and the asymptotic boundary effect model can explain all the observed “size” effect phenomena. Four types of experimental results available in the literature (including the data measured on (1) the specimens of identical size with different crack-to-size (%α%) ratios, (2) specimens of different sizes with different %α%-ratios, (3) different types of specimens and (4) geometrically similar specimens) are used to verify the asymptotic boundary effect model, and it is found that the predictions of the model agree very well with the experimental results. Furthermore, the important fracture properties, fracture toughness %K_{IC}% and strength %f_t% of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete and rock can also be calculated using the formulae provided in the model.
