With the gradually increasing protection awareness about electromagnetic pollution,the demand for absorbing materials with renewability and environmental friendliness has attracted widespread attention.In this work,co...With the gradually increasing protection awareness about electromagnetic pollution,the demand for absorbing materials with renewability and environmental friendliness has attracted widespread attention.In this work,composites consisting of straw-derived biochar combined with NiCo alloy were successfully fabricated through high-temperature carbonization and subsequent hydrothermal reaction.The electromagnetic parameters of the porous biocarbon/NiCo composites can be effectively modified by altering their NiCo content,and their improved absorbing performance can be attributed to the synergy effect of magnetic-dielectric characteristics.An exceptional reflection loss of-27.0 dB at 2.2 mm thickness and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.4 GHz(11.7-16.1 GHz)were achieved.These results revealed that the porous biocarbon/NiCo composites could be used as a new generation absorbing material because of their low density,light weight,excellent conductivity,and strong absorption.展开更多
To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of...To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of bacterial immobilization and the influences of the physicochemical attributes of biochar remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the single-cell interactions of gram-negative Acinetobacter pittii and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis with cotton straw-derived biochars,subjected to progressively increasing pyrolysis temperatures,to understand the attributes of gradually modified biochar properties.The results revealed the correlations between adhesion forces and biochar properties(e.g.,surface area and surface charge),and the strongest adhesion for both strains for the biochar pyrolyzed at 700℃.The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)model,structured to predict interaction energy,was subsequently compared with experimental observations made using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Discrepancies between the predicted high adhesion barriers and the observed attraction suggested that forces beyond Lifshitz-van der Waals also influenced the immobilization of PSB.Adhesion-distance spectroscopy and XDLVO theory jointly revealed four distinct phases in the immobilization process by biochar:planktonic interaction,secondary minimum entrapment,primary barrier transcendence,and initial reversible adherence,collectively facilitating biofilm formation.Notably,initial reversible adhesion positively correlated with increased protein and polysaccharide levels in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)(R^(2)>0.67),highlighting its importance in biofilm formation.Unraveling PSB–biochar interactions can improve the effectiveness of soil inoculants,thereby enhancing phosphorus availability in soil,a crucial factor for promoting plant growth and supporting environmental sustainability.展开更多
Combined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield.However,the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over ...Combined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield.However,the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known.In this study,a long-term field trial(2013-2019)was performed in brown soil planting maize.Six treatments were designed:CK-control;NPK-application of chemical fertilizers;C1PK-low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer;C1NPK,C_(2)NPK and C_(3)NPK-biochar at 1.5,3 and 6 t ha^(−1),respectively,combined with chemical fertilizers.Results showed that theδ^(15)N value in the topsoil of 0-20 cm layer in the C_(3)NPK treat-ment reached a peak of 291‰at the third year(2018),and demonstrated a peak of 402‰in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016.Synchronously,SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition,and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha^(−1) in 2019 in C_(3)NPK treatment.During the entire experiment,the ^(15)N recovery rates of 74-80%were observed highest in the C_(2)NPK and C_(3)NPK treatments,resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly.The lowest subsoilδ^(15)N values ranged from 66‰to 107‰,and the ^(15)N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001%in the C_(3)NPK.Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize,while the loss of N was minimized.Biochars,therefore,may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2004177)the Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Project in 2020,China(No.202300410491)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Provincial Universities in 2021,China(No.21A430045)。
文摘With the gradually increasing protection awareness about electromagnetic pollution,the demand for absorbing materials with renewability and environmental friendliness has attracted widespread attention.In this work,composites consisting of straw-derived biochar combined with NiCo alloy were successfully fabricated through high-temperature carbonization and subsequent hydrothermal reaction.The electromagnetic parameters of the porous biocarbon/NiCo composites can be effectively modified by altering their NiCo content,and their improved absorbing performance can be attributed to the synergy effect of magnetic-dielectric characteristics.An exceptional reflection loss of-27.0 dB at 2.2 mm thickness and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.4 GHz(11.7-16.1 GHz)were achieved.These results revealed that the porous biocarbon/NiCo composites could be used as a new generation absorbing material because of their low density,light weight,excellent conductivity,and strong absorption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52200198)Taishan Scholars Project of Shandong Province(NO.tstp20230604)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QB186).
文摘To alleviate soil phosphorus deficiency,integrating straw-derived biochar with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)has been recognized as a promising solution and is gaining growing attention.However,the mechanisms of bacterial immobilization and the influences of the physicochemical attributes of biochar remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the single-cell interactions of gram-negative Acinetobacter pittii and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis with cotton straw-derived biochars,subjected to progressively increasing pyrolysis temperatures,to understand the attributes of gradually modified biochar properties.The results revealed the correlations between adhesion forces and biochar properties(e.g.,surface area and surface charge),and the strongest adhesion for both strains for the biochar pyrolyzed at 700℃.The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(XDLVO)model,structured to predict interaction energy,was subsequently compared with experimental observations made using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Discrepancies between the predicted high adhesion barriers and the observed attraction suggested that forces beyond Lifshitz-van der Waals also influenced the immobilization of PSB.Adhesion-distance spectroscopy and XDLVO theory jointly revealed four distinct phases in the immobilization process by biochar:planktonic interaction,secondary minimum entrapment,primary barrier transcendence,and initial reversible adherence,collectively facilitating biofilm formation.Notably,initial reversible adhesion positively correlated with increased protein and polysaccharide levels in extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)(R^(2)>0.67),highlighting its importance in biofilm formation.Unraveling PSB–biochar interactions can improve the effectiveness of soil inoculants,thereby enhancing phosphorus availability in soil,a crucial factor for promoting plant growth and supporting environmental sustainability.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31972511)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD03003082017YFD0300700).
文摘Combined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield.However,the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known.In this study,a long-term field trial(2013-2019)was performed in brown soil planting maize.Six treatments were designed:CK-control;NPK-application of chemical fertilizers;C1PK-low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer;C1NPK,C_(2)NPK and C_(3)NPK-biochar at 1.5,3 and 6 t ha^(−1),respectively,combined with chemical fertilizers.Results showed that theδ^(15)N value in the topsoil of 0-20 cm layer in the C_(3)NPK treat-ment reached a peak of 291‰at the third year(2018),and demonstrated a peak of 402‰in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016.Synchronously,SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition,and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha^(−1) in 2019 in C_(3)NPK treatment.During the entire experiment,the ^(15)N recovery rates of 74-80%were observed highest in the C_(2)NPK and C_(3)NPK treatments,resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly.The lowest subsoilδ^(15)N values ranged from 66‰to 107‰,and the ^(15)N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001%in the C_(3)NPK.Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize,while the loss of N was minimized.Biochars,therefore,may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance.
