Every year 500 million tons of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw are generated worldwide, which was almost equal to the production of rice grain. Most straw is not recovered due to the poor quality, high cost or complicate...Every year 500 million tons of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw are generated worldwide, which was almost equal to the production of rice grain. Most straw is not recovered due to the poor quality, high cost or complicated treatment operations. Through genetic improvements, a rice cultivar '201' was developed with both high nutrient content in straw and high grain yield. The results of 15N tracer experiments showed thatls N of urea could be effectively transformed into straw protein of ' 201' and the recovery rate of 15N in the straw of '201' was 104% higher than that of the check 'TY 63'. The straw protein of '201' could be effectively transformed into mushroom protein and the recovery rate of 15N was 21.7% higher than that of 'TY 63'. Using the straw of ' 201' as material to cultivate straw-based edible fungi, improved the yield and protein content of mushrooms. A total of 7.5 mg·ha-1straw of '201' increased the yield and crude protein of the edible mushroom Volvariella volvacea 797 kg yield and 67.9 kg respectively, and increased the yield and crude protein of the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill 675 kg and 80 kg respectively. The straw powder of '201' could be used to substitute for the same weight of wheat bran to cultivate lignicolous edible fungi, with no significant difference in terms of mushroom yield or the crude protein content. Straw powder could substitute for 20% of total amount of material to grow Auricularia polytricha, Auricularia auricula, Hypsizygus tessulatus, Lentinula edodes and Hericium erinaceus, 8% of that to grow Agrocybe cylindracea and 7.5% of that to grow Flammulina velutipes respectively.展开更多
Soil organic carbon(SOC),representing the largest terrestrial organic carbon pool,significantly influences soil quality.The incorporation of residues is widely recognized as a method to regulate SOC sequestration.A 36...Soil organic carbon(SOC),representing the largest terrestrial organic carbon pool,significantly influences soil quality.The incorporation of residues is widely recognized as a method to regulate SOC sequestration.A 365-day incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the contribution of straw-derived carbon(SDC)of varying quality to SOC fractions(free-floating particulate organic carbon(f POC),occluded POC(o POC)and mineral-associated OC(MAOC)),and examine the relationships between microorganisms and SOC fractions by incorporating^(13)C-labelled maize stem straw(ST),leave straw(LE),sheath straw(SH)(1%)in Chinese Mollisols.Results indicated that compared to control(CK),ST,LE and SH treatments enhanced SOC,f POC and MAOC by 4.8-19.5,35.7-49.5 and 1.6-3.9%,respectively.The SDC-SOC and MAOC content of LE were 29.1-38.1%and 17.5-44.5%higher than ST and SH,respectively.The SDCo POC content of SH was 3.1%higher than LE.The PLFA concentration decreased steadily throughout the incubation period,while necromass remained in-fluctuating until an obvious increasing trend observed at later stage.Furthermore,structural equation model(SEM)revealed that lignin to nitrogen ratio(Lig N)of ST exhibited negative association with SDCf POC,and bacterial diversity in SH showed negative correlation with Lig N and positive correlation with SDC-o POC,while demonstrating positive correlation between microbial necromass and SDC-MAOC in LE.These findings indicated that POC dynamics correlated with straw chemical traits,while MAOC showed links to both microbial necromass traits and straw chemical characteristics.These findings advance our understanding of how straw residue quality influences SOC turnover and stabilization through microbial community interactions,contributing to the development of policies to improve soil fertility,and promote the rational and efficient utilization of straw.展开更多
文摘Every year 500 million tons of rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw are generated worldwide, which was almost equal to the production of rice grain. Most straw is not recovered due to the poor quality, high cost or complicated treatment operations. Through genetic improvements, a rice cultivar '201' was developed with both high nutrient content in straw and high grain yield. The results of 15N tracer experiments showed thatls N of urea could be effectively transformed into straw protein of ' 201' and the recovery rate of 15N in the straw of '201' was 104% higher than that of the check 'TY 63'. The straw protein of '201' could be effectively transformed into mushroom protein and the recovery rate of 15N was 21.7% higher than that of 'TY 63'. Using the straw of ' 201' as material to cultivate straw-based edible fungi, improved the yield and protein content of mushrooms. A total of 7.5 mg·ha-1straw of '201' increased the yield and crude protein of the edible mushroom Volvariella volvacea 797 kg yield and 67.9 kg respectively, and increased the yield and crude protein of the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill 675 kg and 80 kg respectively. The straw powder of '201' could be used to substitute for the same weight of wheat bran to cultivate lignicolous edible fungi, with no significant difference in terms of mushroom yield or the crude protein content. Straw powder could substitute for 20% of total amount of material to grow Auricularia polytricha, Auricularia auricula, Hypsizygus tessulatus, Lentinula edodes and Hericium erinaceus, 8% of that to grow Agrocybe cylindracea and 7.5% of that to grow Flammulina velutipes respectively.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28020401 and XDA23070500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877024)the Key Laboratory Foundation of Mollisols Agroecology of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020ZKHT-05)。
文摘Soil organic carbon(SOC),representing the largest terrestrial organic carbon pool,significantly influences soil quality.The incorporation of residues is widely recognized as a method to regulate SOC sequestration.A 365-day incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the contribution of straw-derived carbon(SDC)of varying quality to SOC fractions(free-floating particulate organic carbon(f POC),occluded POC(o POC)and mineral-associated OC(MAOC)),and examine the relationships between microorganisms and SOC fractions by incorporating^(13)C-labelled maize stem straw(ST),leave straw(LE),sheath straw(SH)(1%)in Chinese Mollisols.Results indicated that compared to control(CK),ST,LE and SH treatments enhanced SOC,f POC and MAOC by 4.8-19.5,35.7-49.5 and 1.6-3.9%,respectively.The SDC-SOC and MAOC content of LE were 29.1-38.1%and 17.5-44.5%higher than ST and SH,respectively.The SDCo POC content of SH was 3.1%higher than LE.The PLFA concentration decreased steadily throughout the incubation period,while necromass remained in-fluctuating until an obvious increasing trend observed at later stage.Furthermore,structural equation model(SEM)revealed that lignin to nitrogen ratio(Lig N)of ST exhibited negative association with SDCf POC,and bacterial diversity in SH showed negative correlation with Lig N and positive correlation with SDC-o POC,while demonstrating positive correlation between microbial necromass and SDC-MAOC in LE.These findings indicated that POC dynamics correlated with straw chemical traits,while MAOC showed links to both microbial necromass traits and straw chemical characteristics.These findings advance our understanding of how straw residue quality influences SOC turnover and stabilization through microbial community interactions,contributing to the development of policies to improve soil fertility,and promote the rational and efficient utilization of straw.
