With the improvement of agricultural mechanization equipment levels, the mechanized wheat harvesting level has been above 80% and the rate of wheat straw returned has increased significantly in the main wheat producti...With the improvement of agricultural mechanization equipment levels, the mechanized wheat harvesting level has been above 80% and the rate of wheat straw returned has increased significantly in the main wheat production of wheat of northern countryside in China. Chinese government popularized the beneficial agronomic measures in the process of wheat straw returned field by mechanization. The agronomic measure was reducing the wheat straw stubble height(WSSH) not more than 20 cm.However, local government didn't apply and disseminate the measure, because in practice the cost of fuel consumption was high, and the operation time of harvesting was longer than ever. The machinery operators and farmers needed to support extra fuel cost and time if they took government's advice. In fact, the objective subsidy policy of fuel cost on reducing WSSH was not been formulated by all levels of government. Therefore, the set of agronomic measure couldn't be popularized in main wheat production area of North China. Our research addressed to master the changing feature of fuel cost and mechanical efficiency,seeking suitable subsidy standard, providing some useful and constructive suggestions to improve subsidy policy of fuel consumption cost for national government department. The study carried out the tracking experiments of the operation efficiency and fuel costs of farm harvester in the situation of different WSSH in 2010 in Xushui District of Hebei Province. In conclusion, the operation time of harvesting decline and machinery fuel consumption cost increased along with the decreasing of WSSH. First for the older harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 18.7% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 10 cm, the cost would increase 4.7%, exact cost was 152.2CNY per hectare. For the new harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 39.9% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 15 cm, the cost would increase 4.6%, exact cost was 368.4CNY per hectare. We provided about 375 CNY per hectare to the mechanical operators and farmer who attended this project, and they were willing to accept the subsidies. We also put forwards some policy suggestions on promoting agronomic measures of reducing WSSH including strengthen the construction of agricultural machinery service system, practise a special fuel consumption subsidies of agricultural machinery and open up new paths for combine sales and circulation.展开更多
油菜免耕飞播模式对挖掘长江流域冬闲田生产潜力并实现轻简化生产具有重要意义,明确适宜稻茬留桩高度是优化该模式核心参数的关键。本研究于湖北省武穴市和黄陂区连续进行两年田间试验,2020-2021年设置0、20、40、60 cm 4个留桩高度处理...油菜免耕飞播模式对挖掘长江流域冬闲田生产潜力并实现轻简化生产具有重要意义,明确适宜稻茬留桩高度是优化该模式核心参数的关键。本研究于湖北省武穴市和黄陂区连续进行两年田间试验,2020-2021年设置0、20、40、60 cm 4个留桩高度处理,2021-2022年根据前一年试验结果设置0、10、20、30、40、50、60 cm 7个留桩高度处理,系统分析留桩高度对油菜关键生育期农艺性状指标、油菜籽产量及其构成因子的影响。结果表明,留桩高度显著调控油菜籽产量,本试验条件下最佳留桩高度为20~40 cm,油菜籽产量较0~10 cm和50~60 cm处理分别平均提高25.5%和26.6%。油菜籽产量差异源于群体密度和单株角果数的协同作用:留桩低于20 cm时,由于出苗数量下降导致成熟期密度降低23.8%,单位面积角果数降低10.4%;留桩高于40 cm时,冬前成苗率和冬后存活率均显著降低,成熟期密度降低17.6%,单株角果数随留桩升高递减,最终单位面积角果数降低28.8%。综上,免耕飞播油菜适宜的稻茬留桩高度控制在40 cm以内,可结合区域水稻生物量动态调整,实现稳产轻简目标。展开更多
The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Institute （BARI）, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2009 to find out the suitable management package for better ...The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Institute （BARI）, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2009 to find out the suitable management package for better plant establishment and higher yield of lentil under relay cropping. The experiment was based on three genotypes--Rajbari local, X95S-167（4） and X95S-136; two types of rice straw height--I 0 cm and 30 cm, three seed rates （kg/ha）--e.g., 30, 50 and 60, and three levels of fertilizer--control, 30-60-20 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 and 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-KzO. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-split-plot design with three replications. Genotype was placed in the main-plot, rice straw height was in the sub-plot, seed rate was in the sub-sub-plot and fertilizer level was in the sub-sub-sub-plot. From this study, it was observed that lentil genotype X95S-136X planted with a rice straw height under 30 cm, at a seed rate of 50 kg/ha, and with a fertilizer level at 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 produced the highest lentil seed yield of 2,070 kg/ha and the lowest seed yield （550 kg/ha ） was obtained from genotype Rajbari local, planted with a rice straw height under 10 cm, at a seed rate of 30 kg/ha and no fertilizer. Similar result regarding seed and straw yield was also found in the farmer＇s field. The accession X95S-136 along with improved production technologies produced the highest grain and straw yield, and net return but the lowest grain and straw yield as well as net return were obtained by Rajbari local in the demonstration field. It was also identified that, by the inclusion of lentil in the transplanted monsoon rice field, lands could be brought under lentil cultivation to enhance lentil production, provide human nutrition and also to ensure soil health improvement for sustainable production system.展开更多
基金Supported by National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CAAS(IARRP-2015-7)Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Project in 2017the Public Welfare Industry Science and Technology Projects for financing the research (no.200903011)
文摘With the improvement of agricultural mechanization equipment levels, the mechanized wheat harvesting level has been above 80% and the rate of wheat straw returned has increased significantly in the main wheat production of wheat of northern countryside in China. Chinese government popularized the beneficial agronomic measures in the process of wheat straw returned field by mechanization. The agronomic measure was reducing the wheat straw stubble height(WSSH) not more than 20 cm.However, local government didn't apply and disseminate the measure, because in practice the cost of fuel consumption was high, and the operation time of harvesting was longer than ever. The machinery operators and farmers needed to support extra fuel cost and time if they took government's advice. In fact, the objective subsidy policy of fuel cost on reducing WSSH was not been formulated by all levels of government. Therefore, the set of agronomic measure couldn't be popularized in main wheat production area of North China. Our research addressed to master the changing feature of fuel cost and mechanical efficiency,seeking suitable subsidy standard, providing some useful and constructive suggestions to improve subsidy policy of fuel consumption cost for national government department. The study carried out the tracking experiments of the operation efficiency and fuel costs of farm harvester in the situation of different WSSH in 2010 in Xushui District of Hebei Province. In conclusion, the operation time of harvesting decline and machinery fuel consumption cost increased along with the decreasing of WSSH. First for the older harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 18.7% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 10 cm, the cost would increase 4.7%, exact cost was 152.2CNY per hectare. For the new harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 39.9% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 15 cm, the cost would increase 4.6%, exact cost was 368.4CNY per hectare. We provided about 375 CNY per hectare to the mechanical operators and farmer who attended this project, and they were willing to accept the subsidies. We also put forwards some policy suggestions on promoting agronomic measures of reducing WSSH including strengthen the construction of agricultural machinery service system, practise a special fuel consumption subsidies of agricultural machinery and open up new paths for combine sales and circulation.
文摘The field experiment was conducted at Pulses Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Institute （BARI）, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2009 to find out the suitable management package for better plant establishment and higher yield of lentil under relay cropping. The experiment was based on three genotypes--Rajbari local, X95S-167（4） and X95S-136; two types of rice straw height--I 0 cm and 30 cm, three seed rates （kg/ha）--e.g., 30, 50 and 60, and three levels of fertilizer--control, 30-60-20 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 and 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-KzO. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-split-plot design with three replications. Genotype was placed in the main-plot, rice straw height was in the sub-plot, seed rate was in the sub-sub-plot and fertilizer level was in the sub-sub-sub-plot. From this study, it was observed that lentil genotype X95S-136X planted with a rice straw height under 30 cm, at a seed rate of 50 kg/ha, and with a fertilizer level at 30-60-30 kg/ha of N-P2Os-K20 produced the highest lentil seed yield of 2,070 kg/ha and the lowest seed yield （550 kg/ha ） was obtained from genotype Rajbari local, planted with a rice straw height under 10 cm, at a seed rate of 30 kg/ha and no fertilizer. Similar result regarding seed and straw yield was also found in the farmer＇s field. The accession X95S-136 along with improved production technologies produced the highest grain and straw yield, and net return but the lowest grain and straw yield as well as net return were obtained by Rajbari local in the demonstration field. It was also identified that, by the inclusion of lentil in the transplanted monsoon rice field, lands could be brought under lentil cultivation to enhance lentil production, provide human nutrition and also to ensure soil health improvement for sustainable production system.
