A split-plot experiment in a rice-winter wheat rotation system was performed to study the effects of water regime and wheat straw application in rice-growing season on N2O emission from following wheat growing season....A split-plot experiment in a rice-winter wheat rotation system was performed to study the effects of water regime and wheat straw application in rice-growing season on N2O emission from following wheat growing season. Water regime in the rice-growing season was designed as the conventional irrigation (flooding/drainage cycle) and the permanent flooding. Wheat straw was incorporated with three rates of 0, 225 and 450 g m-2 into the paddy soil for each water regime just before rice was transplanted. N2O emission was measured by static chamber-gas chromatograph method. Results from the variance analysis indicated that the permanent flooding in rice-growing season markedly enhanced N2O emission in following wheat growing season (P=0. 003), and that the effect of straw application on N2O emission was distinguished between two water regimes. Under the conventional irrigation, incoporation of wheat straw reduced N2O emission in the following wheat growing season, while there were no significant differences in the emission for the straw application rates of 225 and 450 g m-2. No significant differences in N2O emissions were observed among the three rates of straw application for the permanent flooding regime. In addition, the seasonal variation of N2O emission was regulated by soil temperature and moisture. The daily N2O flux (Y, mg m-2 d-1) can be quantitatively described by soil temperature (T, ℃) and moisture (W, WFPS %) asY=A0+A1T+A2W+A3W2(n=23, R2 ≥0. 4159** )or y=C0+C1W+C2W2(n=23,R2≥0. 4074** ). Compared with the effect of soil temperature on N2O emission, soil moisture was an important factor regulating the seasonal pattern of N2O emission.展开更多
The application of nitrification inhibitors(NIs)and crop straw with nitrogen(N)fertilizers is a common practice aimed at enhancing soil N conservation and improving crop N use.However,their effects on gaseous N emissi...The application of nitrification inhibitors(NIs)and crop straw with nitrogen(N)fertilizers is a common practice aimed at enhancing soil N conservation and improving crop N use.However,their effects on gaseous N emissions from soils,particularly for N_(2),are less understood.We conducted a 60-day soil incubation experiment under controlled conditions(80%water-filled pore space and 25℃)to investigate the effects of NI or maize straw application on N_(2)O and N_(2)emissions from two typical upland soils:a Mollisol and an Inceptisol,which have contrasting pH values.Both soils were fertilized with^(15)N-labeled urea.During the incubation period,cumulative N_(2)O and N_(2)emissions for the urea-only treatment in the Mollisol were 0.5 and 12 mg N kg^(‒1)soil,respectively,while emissions in the Inceptisol reached 15 and 176 mg N kg^(‒1).The application of NI(dicyandiamide)reduced N_(2)O emissions by 66%‒72%in both soils and decreased N_(2)emissions by 81%in the Inceptisol,although it increased N_(2)emissions by 15%in the Mollisol.Straw application also reduced N_(2)O emissions by 60%in the Mollisol and by 4%in the Inceptisol,but it increased N_(2)emissions by 75%‒96%in both soils.Notably,the increased N_(2)emissions following straw incorporation were primarily soil-derived rather than fertilizer-derived in both soils.These findings reveal that the applications of NIs or straw have varying impacts on N_(2)O and N_(2)emissions across different soils,and that NI application could be a promising strategy to reduce high gaseous N losses in Inceptisol following N fertilization.展开更多
Utilizing straw as feed and applying cattle and sheep manure fertilizer to the field plays an important role in solving the shortage of feed raw material resources,alleviating the conflict between human beings and liv...Utilizing straw as feed and applying cattle and sheep manure fertilizer to the field plays an important role in solving the shortage of feed raw material resources,alleviating the conflict between human beings and livestock,and realizing the full utilization of straw as a resource and green and low-carbon circular development.We carried out an investigation on the feed utilization of crop straw in Sichuan Province,comprehensively grasped the crop straw resources and its utilization as feed in this province,deeply analyzed the existing problems,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions according to the actual situation in Sichuan,which plays an important role in accelerating the process of straw feed utilization,promoting green development,implementing the rural revitalization strategy,and building a beautiful Sichuan.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Hundred Talents Program launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key Basic Research Development Foundation of China(G1999011805).
文摘A split-plot experiment in a rice-winter wheat rotation system was performed to study the effects of water regime and wheat straw application in rice-growing season on N2O emission from following wheat growing season. Water regime in the rice-growing season was designed as the conventional irrigation (flooding/drainage cycle) and the permanent flooding. Wheat straw was incorporated with three rates of 0, 225 and 450 g m-2 into the paddy soil for each water regime just before rice was transplanted. N2O emission was measured by static chamber-gas chromatograph method. Results from the variance analysis indicated that the permanent flooding in rice-growing season markedly enhanced N2O emission in following wheat growing season (P=0. 003), and that the effect of straw application on N2O emission was distinguished between two water regimes. Under the conventional irrigation, incoporation of wheat straw reduced N2O emission in the following wheat growing season, while there were no significant differences in the emission for the straw application rates of 225 and 450 g m-2. No significant differences in N2O emissions were observed among the three rates of straw application for the permanent flooding regime. In addition, the seasonal variation of N2O emission was regulated by soil temperature and moisture. The daily N2O flux (Y, mg m-2 d-1) can be quantitatively described by soil temperature (T, ℃) and moisture (W, WFPS %) asY=A0+A1T+A2W+A3W2(n=23, R2 ≥0. 4159** )or y=C0+C1W+C2W2(n=23,R2≥0. 4074** ). Compared with the effect of soil temperature on N2O emission, soil moisture was an important factor regulating the seasonal pattern of N2O emission.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFD1501400 and 2023YFD1500802)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28020302)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177214 and 41701309)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2023YQ030)the Liaoning Vitalization Talents Program(Grant Nos.XLYC2203058 and XLYC1902016)Shenyang Science and Technology Talent Program(Grant No.RC230102),and the Taishan Scholars(Grant No.202211306)We also acknowledge support from the K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Y.F.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Z.Q).
文摘The application of nitrification inhibitors(NIs)and crop straw with nitrogen(N)fertilizers is a common practice aimed at enhancing soil N conservation and improving crop N use.However,their effects on gaseous N emissions from soils,particularly for N_(2),are less understood.We conducted a 60-day soil incubation experiment under controlled conditions(80%water-filled pore space and 25℃)to investigate the effects of NI or maize straw application on N_(2)O and N_(2)emissions from two typical upland soils:a Mollisol and an Inceptisol,which have contrasting pH values.Both soils were fertilized with^(15)N-labeled urea.During the incubation period,cumulative N_(2)O and N_(2)emissions for the urea-only treatment in the Mollisol were 0.5 and 12 mg N kg^(‒1)soil,respectively,while emissions in the Inceptisol reached 15 and 176 mg N kg^(‒1).The application of NI(dicyandiamide)reduced N_(2)O emissions by 66%‒72%in both soils and decreased N_(2)emissions by 81%in the Inceptisol,although it increased N_(2)emissions by 15%in the Mollisol.Straw application also reduced N_(2)O emissions by 60%in the Mollisol and by 4%in the Inceptisol,but it increased N_(2)emissions by 75%‒96%in both soils.Notably,the increased N_(2)emissions following straw incorporation were primarily soil-derived rather than fertilizer-derived in both soils.These findings reveal that the applications of NIs or straw have varying impacts on N_(2)O and N_(2)emissions across different soils,and that NI application could be a promising strategy to reduce high gaseous N losses in Inceptisol following N fertilization.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFN0017)Mutton Sheep High-Quality and High-Yield Forage Variety Selection and Production Application Post of Sichuan Mutton Sheep Innovation Team(sccxtd-2020-14)
文摘Utilizing straw as feed and applying cattle and sheep manure fertilizer to the field plays an important role in solving the shortage of feed raw material resources,alleviating the conflict between human beings and livestock,and realizing the full utilization of straw as a resource and green and low-carbon circular development.We carried out an investigation on the feed utilization of crop straw in Sichuan Province,comprehensively grasped the crop straw resources and its utilization as feed in this province,deeply analyzed the existing problems,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions according to the actual situation in Sichuan,which plays an important role in accelerating the process of straw feed utilization,promoting green development,implementing the rural revitalization strategy,and building a beautiful Sichuan.
