Herein,a high strain of ~0.3% with a small hysteresis of 43% is achieved at a low electric field of 4 kV/mm in the highly <001>-textured 0.97(0.76Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3))-0.03NaNbO_(3)(BNT-ST-0.03N...Herein,a high strain of ~0.3% with a small hysteresis of 43% is achieved at a low electric field of 4 kV/mm in the highly <001>-textured 0.97(0.76Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3))-0.03NaNbO_(3)(BNT-ST-0.03NN)ceramics with an ergodic relaxor(ER)state,leading to a large normalized strain(d_(33)^(*))of 720 pm/V.The introduction of NN templates into BNT-ST induces the grain orientation growth and enhances the ergodicity.The highly <001>-textured BNT-ST-0.03NN ceramics display a pure ergodic relaxor state with coexisted ferroelectric R3c and antiferroelectric P4bm polar nanoregions(PNRs)on nanoscale.Moreover,due to the incomplete interdiffusion between the NN template and BNT-ST matrix,the textured ceramics present a core-shell structure with the antiferroelectric NN core,and thus the BNT-based matrix owns more R3c PNRs relative to the homogeneous nontextured samples.The high <001> crystallographic texture and more R3c PNRs both facilitate the relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition,leading to the low-field-driven high strain,while the ergodic relaxor state ensures a small hysteresis.Furthermore,the d_(33)^(*)value remains high up to 518 pm/V at 100℃ with an ultra-low hysteresis of 6%.展开更多
BaTiO_(3) (BT)-based piezoceramics with large temperature-stable strains and low hysteresis are urgently needed for high-precision actuators because of increasing environmental problems. Here, tetragonal [001]c-textur...BaTiO_(3) (BT)-based piezoceramics with large temperature-stable strains and low hysteresis are urgently needed for high-precision actuators because of increasing environmental problems. Here, tetragonal [001]c-textured (Ba_(0.98)Ca_(0.02))(Ti_(0.96)Sn_(0.04))O_(3) (BCTS) ceramics with a texture degree (F_(001)) of ~98% were obtained via the templated grain growth (TGG) method. A large maximum unipolar strain (S_(max)) of ~0.24% with a low strain hysteresis (Hs) of ~3.8% and an optimized piezoelectric strain coefficient (d_(33)^(*)) of ~1124 pm·V^(−1) are simultaneously achieved in the textured BCTS ceramics. Moreover, the variation in the strain response is less than 20% from room temperature (RT) to 100℃ for the textured ceramics. The underlying mechanism for the optimized strain performance could be attributed to the synergetic effect of the polarization extension and a fine domain structure. This work provides new insight for achieving a balance of multiple strain properties (large strain, low hysteresis, and high-temperature stability) in BT-based ceramics, showing the widespread application prospects of lead-free ceramics in high-precision actuators.展开更多
With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronic devices,a multifunctional electronic skin with excellent strain sensing performance,satisfactory air permeability,and good self-powered capability for portabi...With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronic devices,a multifunctional electronic skin with excellent strain sensing performance,satisfactory air permeability,and good self-powered capability for portability is urgently desired.Herein,inspired by the“brick-and-mortar”microstructure of natural nacre,an ultra-stretchable and highly sensitive multifunctional e-skin composed of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)/Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)/thermoplastic polyurethane films is developed through electrospinning and spraying technology.Benefiting from the tunable multilayer structural design,the multifunctional e-skin synchronously demonstrates a high sensitivity(gauge factor,GF_(max)=5.8×10^(4)),wide sensing range(up to 535%strain),low detection limit(0.15%strain),fast response time(80 ms)and good durability.The sensing mechanism is developed based on the evolution of a two-dimensional(2D)MXene/1D CNTs synergistic conductive network and the expansion of the microcracked structure synchronously.The multifunctional e-skin is also assembled as a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator,which shows high triboelectric output and good stability,broadening the application of the multifunctional e-skin in tactile sensing.The nacre-mimetic self-powered e-skin is demonstrated for human physiological signal acquisition,cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and posture correction training,presenting fascinating application strategies for ergonomics,emergency medical services,and athlete training assessment.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0711700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U19A2087)+1 种基金the Special Funding Support for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2020GK2062)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX2021377).
文摘Herein,a high strain of ~0.3% with a small hysteresis of 43% is achieved at a low electric field of 4 kV/mm in the highly <001>-textured 0.97(0.76Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3))-0.03NaNbO_(3)(BNT-ST-0.03NN)ceramics with an ergodic relaxor(ER)state,leading to a large normalized strain(d_(33)^(*))of 720 pm/V.The introduction of NN templates into BNT-ST induces the grain orientation growth and enhances the ergodicity.The highly <001>-textured BNT-ST-0.03NN ceramics display a pure ergodic relaxor state with coexisted ferroelectric R3c and antiferroelectric P4bm polar nanoregions(PNRs)on nanoscale.Moreover,due to the incomplete interdiffusion between the NN template and BNT-ST matrix,the textured ceramics present a core-shell structure with the antiferroelectric NN core,and thus the BNT-based matrix owns more R3c PNRs relative to the homogeneous nontextured samples.The high <001> crystallographic texture and more R3c PNRs both facilitate the relaxor-to-ferroelectric transition,leading to the low-field-driven high strain,while the ergodic relaxor state ensures a small hysteresis.Furthermore,the d_(33)^(*)value remains high up to 518 pm/V at 100℃ with an ultra-low hysteresis of 6%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102132)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Nos.ZR2024ME201 and ZR2021ME085)+1 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices(No.EFMD2023001M)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2022E049).
文摘BaTiO_(3) (BT)-based piezoceramics with large temperature-stable strains and low hysteresis are urgently needed for high-precision actuators because of increasing environmental problems. Here, tetragonal [001]c-textured (Ba_(0.98)Ca_(0.02))(Ti_(0.96)Sn_(0.04))O_(3) (BCTS) ceramics with a texture degree (F_(001)) of ~98% were obtained via the templated grain growth (TGG) method. A large maximum unipolar strain (S_(max)) of ~0.24% with a low strain hysteresis (Hs) of ~3.8% and an optimized piezoelectric strain coefficient (d_(33)^(*)) of ~1124 pm·V^(−1) are simultaneously achieved in the textured BCTS ceramics. Moreover, the variation in the strain response is less than 20% from room temperature (RT) to 100℃ for the textured ceramics. The underlying mechanism for the optimized strain performance could be attributed to the synergetic effect of the polarization extension and a fine domain structure. This work provides new insight for achieving a balance of multiple strain properties (large strain, low hysteresis, and high-temperature stability) in BT-based ceramics, showing the widespread application prospects of lead-free ceramics in high-precision actuators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303114,52173048)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733199,2024T170838)。
文摘With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronic devices,a multifunctional electronic skin with excellent strain sensing performance,satisfactory air permeability,and good self-powered capability for portability is urgently desired.Herein,inspired by the“brick-and-mortar”microstructure of natural nacre,an ultra-stretchable and highly sensitive multifunctional e-skin composed of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)/Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)/thermoplastic polyurethane films is developed through electrospinning and spraying technology.Benefiting from the tunable multilayer structural design,the multifunctional e-skin synchronously demonstrates a high sensitivity(gauge factor,GF_(max)=5.8×10^(4)),wide sensing range(up to 535%strain),low detection limit(0.15%strain),fast response time(80 ms)and good durability.The sensing mechanism is developed based on the evolution of a two-dimensional(2D)MXene/1D CNTs synergistic conductive network and the expansion of the microcracked structure synchronously.The multifunctional e-skin is also assembled as a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator,which shows high triboelectric output and good stability,broadening the application of the multifunctional e-skin in tactile sensing.The nacre-mimetic self-powered e-skin is demonstrated for human physiological signal acquisition,cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and posture correction training,presenting fascinating application strategies for ergonomics,emergency medical services,and athlete training assessment.
