The importance of crystallite size control and direct synthesis of materials with desirable properties is broadly applicable for the rational design and development of new active materials for energy storage.Recently,...The importance of crystallite size control and direct synthesis of materials with desirable properties is broadly applicable for the rational design and development of new active materials for energy storage.Recently,the use of nanoparticles and crystallite size control has redefined electrode design strategies,due in part to the large surface area/volume ratios providing more pathways for ion movement within the bulk electrode.This review is structured primarily as a case study,where reports involving a specific densely structured iron oxide,magnetite,Fe_(3)O_(4),and its use as an electrode in LIBs are used as examples.Due to the high theoretical capacity(924 mA h g^(−1)),and opportunity for implementation of a low cost electrode material,magnetite was selected as the model material for this review.Notably,crystallite size,morphology,and electrode heterostructure can all play a critical role in battery relevant electrochemistry,particularly for crystallographically dense materials such as Fe_(3)O_(4).Several examples of Fe_(3)O_(4)based composites are described,incorporating different types of conductive materials such as carbons as part of the structure.Additionally,this review also provides a brief introduction to a newer iron oxide based material with a 2D layered structure,silver ferrite,where crystallite size control was synthetically achieved.By focusing on two specific iron oxide based nanoscale inorganic materials,this review highlights and distinguishes the contributions of electroactive material crystallite size,morphology and electrode heterostructure to electrochemical behavior,facilitating the future development of next generation of battery electrodes.展开更多
基金supported as part of the Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties,an Energy Frontier Research Center supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences,under award#DE-SC0012673support from the National Science Foundation funded Research Experience for Undergraduates Site:Nanotechnology for Health,Energy and the Environment at Stony Brook University.
文摘The importance of crystallite size control and direct synthesis of materials with desirable properties is broadly applicable for the rational design and development of new active materials for energy storage.Recently,the use of nanoparticles and crystallite size control has redefined electrode design strategies,due in part to the large surface area/volume ratios providing more pathways for ion movement within the bulk electrode.This review is structured primarily as a case study,where reports involving a specific densely structured iron oxide,magnetite,Fe_(3)O_(4),and its use as an electrode in LIBs are used as examples.Due to the high theoretical capacity(924 mA h g^(−1)),and opportunity for implementation of a low cost electrode material,magnetite was selected as the model material for this review.Notably,crystallite size,morphology,and electrode heterostructure can all play a critical role in battery relevant electrochemistry,particularly for crystallographically dense materials such as Fe_(3)O_(4).Several examples of Fe_(3)O_(4)based composites are described,incorporating different types of conductive materials such as carbons as part of the structure.Additionally,this review also provides a brief introduction to a newer iron oxide based material with a 2D layered structure,silver ferrite,where crystallite size control was synthetically achieved.By focusing on two specific iron oxide based nanoscale inorganic materials,this review highlights and distinguishes the contributions of electroactive material crystallite size,morphology and electrode heterostructure to electrochemical behavior,facilitating the future development of next generation of battery electrodes.
