Structural colors have always attracted much attention due to important applications in display devices,imaging security certification,optical data storage,and so on.The brightness of structure colors,as the carrier o...Structural colors have always attracted much attention due to important applications in display devices,imaging security certification,optical data storage,and so on.The brightness of structure colors,as the carrier of chiaroscuro information,is the key to making images appear stronger in the spatial and three-dimensional sense.However,relatively little work has been done on the control of the color brightness,and the reported structures are complex and difficult to fabricate.Here,we demonstrate a low-aspect-ratio anisotropic metasurface consisting of a PMMA film patterned by arrays of elliptical-shaped holes clamped by two thin aluminum films.By utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances,we realize a three-dimensional(3D)HSB(hue,saturation,and brightness)structure color with independent brightness control and enhance the cross-polarization reflection,covering approximately 120%of the s RGB color gamut.It is shown that the ratio of the major and minor axes leads to the independent control of brightness of the structural colors.The nanoprinting of HSB images with smooth brightness transitions is demonstrated through elaborate design of the metasurface geometry parameters and CMOScompatible micro-nano fabrication process.Our findings will facilitate the broad range of 3D nanoprinting and modern advanced display applications.展开更多
Developing inverse design methods for functional materials with specific properties is critical to advancing fields like renewable energy,catalysis,energy storage,and carbon capture.Generative models based on diffusio...Developing inverse design methods for functional materials with specific properties is critical to advancing fields like renewable energy,catalysis,energy storage,and carbon capture.Generative models based on diffusion principles can directly produce new materials that meet performance constraints,thereby significantly accelerating the material design process.However,existing methods for generating and predicting crystal structures often remain limited by low success rates.In this work,we propose a novel inverse material design generative framework called InvDesFlow-AL,which is based on active learning strategies.This framework can iteratively optimize the material generation process to gradually guide it towards desired performance characteristics.In terms of crystal structure prediction,the InvDesFlow-AL model achieves an RMSE of 0.0423Å,representing an 32.96%improvement in performance compared to existing generative models.Additionally,InvDesFlow-AL has been successfully validated in the design of low-formation-energy and low-Ehull materials.It can systematically generate materials with progressively lower formation energies while continuously expanding the exploration across diverse chemical spaces.Notably,through DFT structural relaxation validation,we identified 1,598,551 materials with Ehull<50 meV,indicating their thermodynamic stability and atomic forces below 1e-4 eV/Å.These results fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active learning-driven generative model in accelerating material discovery and inverse design.To further prove the effectiveness of this method,we took the search for BCS superconductors under ambient pressure as an example explored by InvDesFlow-AL.As a result,we successfully identified Li2AuH6 as a conventional BCS superconductor with an ultra-high transition temperature of 140 K,and also discovered several other superconducting materials that surpass the theoretical McMillan limit and have transition temperatures within the liquid nitrogen temperature range.This discovery provides strong empirical support for the application of inverse design in materials science.展开更多
The construction of cultivated grasslands can increase grass production but also pose a threat to soil carbon storage,and it still remains unclear how construction of cultivated grasslands affects the components of ec...The construction of cultivated grasslands can increase grass production but also pose a threat to soil carbon storage,and it still remains unclear how construction of cultivated grasslands affects the components of ecosystem respiration(ER)toward a warming climate.Therefore,we conducted a 5-year(2012 to 2016)manipulative warming experiment in an alpine meadow and a cultivated grassland on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau to explore the separate and interactive effects of warming and reclamation on soil respiration(SR),crop respiration(CR),ER,and the ratio of SR to ER(SR/ER).The plant height,coverage,aboveground production,SR,ER,CR,and SR/ER were measured.We found that warming increased the 5-year mean SR by 61.1%and 63.4%in the alpine meadow and the cultivated grassland,respectively.The 5-year mean SR/ER was increased by warming for the alpine meadow(38.7%)and the cultivated grassland(38.0%).Under warming,reclamation increased the 5-year mean SR/ER by 15.0%.Reclamation increased the sensitivity of SR and CR to warming,resulting in the increase in SR/ER under warming in the cultivated grassland.Overall,our results indicated that reclamation can increase the contribution of SR to the ecosystem carbon emission under warming and is detrimental to the storage of soil carbon in the alpine meadow especially toward a warming climate.Therefore,despite the increase in production by the construction of cultivated grasslands,the increase in carbon emission under warming by reclamation should attract attention.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1209104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374282,61875225)。
文摘Structural colors have always attracted much attention due to important applications in display devices,imaging security certification,optical data storage,and so on.The brightness of structure colors,as the carrier of chiaroscuro information,is the key to making images appear stronger in the spatial and three-dimensional sense.However,relatively little work has been done on the control of the color brightness,and the reported structures are complex and difficult to fabricate.Here,we demonstrate a low-aspect-ratio anisotropic metasurface consisting of a PMMA film patterned by arrays of elliptical-shaped holes clamped by two thin aluminum films.By utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances,we realize a three-dimensional(3D)HSB(hue,saturation,and brightness)structure color with independent brightness control and enhance the cross-polarization reflection,covering approximately 120%of the s RGB color gamut.It is shown that the ratio of the major and minor axes leads to the independent control of brightness of the structural colors.The nanoprinting of HSB images with smooth brightness transitions is demonstrated through elaborate design of the metasurface geometry parameters and CMOScompatible micro-nano fabrication process.Our findings will facilitate the broad range of 3D nanoprinting and modern advanced display applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grants No.2024YFA1408601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12434009,62476278,12204533).Computational resources were provided by the Physical Laboratory of High Performance Computing at Renmin University of China.
文摘Developing inverse design methods for functional materials with specific properties is critical to advancing fields like renewable energy,catalysis,energy storage,and carbon capture.Generative models based on diffusion principles can directly produce new materials that meet performance constraints,thereby significantly accelerating the material design process.However,existing methods for generating and predicting crystal structures often remain limited by low success rates.In this work,we propose a novel inverse material design generative framework called InvDesFlow-AL,which is based on active learning strategies.This framework can iteratively optimize the material generation process to gradually guide it towards desired performance characteristics.In terms of crystal structure prediction,the InvDesFlow-AL model achieves an RMSE of 0.0423Å,representing an 32.96%improvement in performance compared to existing generative models.Additionally,InvDesFlow-AL has been successfully validated in the design of low-formation-energy and low-Ehull materials.It can systematically generate materials with progressively lower formation energies while continuously expanding the exploration across diverse chemical spaces.Notably,through DFT structural relaxation validation,we identified 1,598,551 materials with Ehull<50 meV,indicating their thermodynamic stability and atomic forces below 1e-4 eV/Å.These results fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active learning-driven generative model in accelerating material discovery and inverse design.To further prove the effectiveness of this method,we took the search for BCS superconductors under ambient pressure as an example explored by InvDesFlow-AL.As a result,we successfully identified Li2AuH6 as a conventional BCS superconductor with an ultra-high transition temperature of 140 K,and also discovered several other superconducting materials that surpass the theoretical McMillan limit and have transition temperatures within the liquid nitrogen temperature range.This discovery provides strong empirical support for the application of inverse design in materials science.
基金the Youth Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2023QC08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171590)+1 种基金the Central Public Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(BSRF202316)the Nagqu Science and Technology Project(NQKJ-2023-02)
文摘The construction of cultivated grasslands can increase grass production but also pose a threat to soil carbon storage,and it still remains unclear how construction of cultivated grasslands affects the components of ecosystem respiration(ER)toward a warming climate.Therefore,we conducted a 5-year(2012 to 2016)manipulative warming experiment in an alpine meadow and a cultivated grassland on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau to explore the separate and interactive effects of warming and reclamation on soil respiration(SR),crop respiration(CR),ER,and the ratio of SR to ER(SR/ER).The plant height,coverage,aboveground production,SR,ER,CR,and SR/ER were measured.We found that warming increased the 5-year mean SR by 61.1%and 63.4%in the alpine meadow and the cultivated grassland,respectively.The 5-year mean SR/ER was increased by warming for the alpine meadow(38.7%)and the cultivated grassland(38.0%).Under warming,reclamation increased the 5-year mean SR/ER by 15.0%.Reclamation increased the sensitivity of SR and CR to warming,resulting in the increase in SR/ER under warming in the cultivated grassland.Overall,our results indicated that reclamation can increase the contribution of SR to the ecosystem carbon emission under warming and is detrimental to the storage of soil carbon in the alpine meadow especially toward a warming climate.Therefore,despite the increase in production by the construction of cultivated grasslands,the increase in carbon emission under warming by reclamation should attract attention.
