Conventional soil maps(CSMs)often have multiple soil types within a single polygon,which hinders the ability of machine learning to accurately predict soils.Soil disaggregation approaches are commonly used to improve ...Conventional soil maps(CSMs)often have multiple soil types within a single polygon,which hinders the ability of machine learning to accurately predict soils.Soil disaggregation approaches are commonly used to improve the spatial and attribute precision of CSMs.The approach disaggregation and harmonization of soil map units through resampled classification trees(DSMART)is popular but computationally intensive,as it generates and assigns synthetic samples to soil series based on the areal coverage information of CSMs.Alternatively,the disaggregation approach pure polygon disaggregation(PPD)assigns soil series based solely on the proportions of soil series in pure polygons in CSMs.This study compared these two disaggregation approaches by applying them to a CSM of Middlesex County,Ontario,Canada.Four different sampling methods were used:two sampling designs,simple random sampling(SRS)and conditional Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS),with two sample sizes(83100 and 19420 samples per sampling plan),both based on an area-weighted approach.Two machine learning algorithms(MLAs),C5.0 decision tree(C5.0)and random forest(RF),were applied to the disaggregation approaches to compare the disaggregation accuracy.The accuracy assessment utilized a set of 500 validation points obtained from the Middlesex County soil survey report.The MLA C5.0(Kappa index=0.58–0.63)showed better performance than RF(Kappa index=0.53–0.54)based on the larger sample size,and PPD with C5.0 based on the larger sample size was the best-performing(Kappa index=0.63)approach.Based on the smaller sample size,both cLHS(Kappa index=0.41–0.48)and SRS(Kappa index=0.40–0.47)produced similar accuracy results.The disaggregation approach PPD exhibited lower processing capacity and time demands(1.62–5.93 h)while yielding maps with lower uncertainty as compared to DSMART(2.75–194.2 h).For CSMs predominantly composed of pure polygons,utilizing PPD for soil series disaggregation is a more efficient and rational choice.However,DSMART is the preferable approach for disaggregating soil series that lack pure polygon representations in the CSMs.展开更多
Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-...Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation.展开更多
As the intermittency and uncertainty of photovoltaic(PV)power generation poses considerable challenges to the power system operation,accurate PV generation estimates are critical for the distribution operation,mainten...As the intermittency and uncertainty of photovoltaic(PV)power generation poses considerable challenges to the power system operation,accurate PV generation estimates are critical for the distribution operation,maintenance,and demand response program implementation because of the increasing usage of distributed PVs.Currently,most residential PVs are installed behind the meter,with only the net load available to the utilities.Therefore,a method for disaggregating the residential PV generation from the net load data is needed to enhance the grid-edge observability.In this study,an unsupervised PV capacity estimation method based on net metering data is proposed,for estimating the PV capacity in the customer’s premise based on the distribution characteristics of nocturnal and diurnal net load extremes.Then,the PV generation disaggregation method is presented.Based on the analysis of the correlation between the nocturnal and diurnal actual loads and the correlation between the PV capacity and their actual PV generation,the PV generation of customers is estimated by applying linear fitting of multiple typical solar exemplars and then disaggregating them into hourly-resolution power profiles.Finally,the anomalies of disaggregated PV power are calibrated and corrected using the estimated capacity.Experiment results on a real-world hourly dataset involving 260 customers show that the proposed PV capacity estimation method achieves good accuracy because of the advantages of robustness and low complexity.Compared with the state-of-the-art PV disaggregation algorithm,the proposed method exhibits a reduction of over 15%for the mean absolute percentage error and over 20%for the root mean square error.展开更多
With the benefits of increased computing power and much improved software,temporal disaggregation is examined.Disaggregation,the process of obtaining high frequency data from low frequency data has been discussed for ...With the benefits of increased computing power and much improved software,temporal disaggregation is examined.Disaggregation,the process of obtaining high frequency data from low frequency data has been discussed for many years.This study examines three methods which utilize the autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model in a simulation study comparing parameter estimation,disaggregation mean square error,and forecast mean square error.Finally,the three methods are applied to a real-world time series.展开更多
Agricultural investment project selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem,as agricultural projects are easily influenced by various risk factors,and the evaluation information provided by decisionm...Agricultural investment project selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem,as agricultural projects are easily influenced by various risk factors,and the evaluation information provided by decisionmakers usually involves uncertainty and inconsistency.Existing literature primarily employed direct preference elicitation methods to address such issues,necessitating a great cognitive effort on the part of decision-makers during evaluation,specifically,determining the weights of criteria.In this study,we propose an indirect preference elicitation method,known as a preference disaggregation method,to learn decision-maker preference models fromdecision examples.To enhance evaluation ease,decision-makers merely need to compare pairs of alternatives with which they are familiar,also known as reference alternatives.Probabilistic linguistic preference relations are employed to account for the presence of incomplete and uncertain information in such pairwise comparisons.To address the inconsistency among a group of decision-makers,we develop a pair of 0-1mixed integer programming models that consider both the semantics of linguistic terms and the belief degrees of decision-makers.Finally,we conduct a case study and comparative analysis.Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model in solving agricultural investment project selection problems with uncertain and inconsistent decision information.展开更多
The de-manufacturing stage is an overlooked component of most current LCA （life cycle assessment） methodologies. Most of the current LCA techniques do not fully account for the usage of the product and end of life a...The de-manufacturing stage is an overlooked component of most current LCA （life cycle assessment） methodologies. Most of the current LCA techniques do not fully account for the usage of the product and end of life aspects. This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology that takes strong consideration of the inventory costs of use and end of life of the functional unit by combining manufacturing and de-manufacturing into the centerpiece of the hybrid analysis. In order to obtain this goal, a new disaggregated model was developed by enhancing current LCA hybrid methods related to life cycle inventory compilations. The new methodology is also compared to existing methodologies.展开更多
The heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)system is a promising flexibility resource for building energy management and grid stability.Quantitatively assessing HVAC demand response(DR)potential is crucial for ...The heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)system is a promising flexibility resource for building energy management and grid stability.Quantitatively assessing HVAC demand response(DR)potential is crucial for integrating buildings into DR programs.However,utilities and load aggregators typically only have total building energy data,making HVAC energy disaggregation challenging.This study proposes an unsupervised and hybrid time-frequency domain decomposition method(MSTL-VMD)to disaggregate HVAC energy from total consumption and an improved equivalent thermal parameter model to quantify DR potential while considering outdoor weather,indoor environment,and occupant comfort.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on historical data from 10 office buildings over 3 years.The results indicate that the HVAC energy can be accurately disaggregated using the MSTL-VMD method with NRMSE of 2.4%-12.6%.The proposed equivalent thermal parameter model can realize HVAC energy regression with an R2 value exceeding 0.8 for 80% of cases.A 1℃ indoor temperature increase results in energy savings of 7.3%-18.4% over the summer.The proposed method provides utilities and load aggregators with an effective and practical technique to quantify HVAC DR potential,enabling the development of optimal energy management strategies to enhance energy system resilience and efficiency.展开更多
To facilitate the operation of distribution networks with a large scale of household photovoltaic systems integrated,the availability of community-level behind-the-meter(BTM)PV power generation is crucial.Yet,due to t...To facilitate the operation of distribution networks with a large scale of household photovoltaic systems integrated,the availability of community-level behind-the-meter(BTM)PV power generation is crucial.Yet,due to the scarcity of smart meters installed,it is challenging to obtain such information via directly aggregating measured power outputs of individual PV systems,and an effective estimation method needs to be developed.Considering the similarity between household-level and community-level data within the same geographical area,this paper develops a synchronization and model-transfer fused LSTM framework(SAM-LSTM).The core technical contribution lies in the development of the Synchronized Long Short-Term Memory(Syn-LSTM),which separately models the synchronized factors and disaggregated BTM data to capture more generalized representations.The learned household-level representations are then transferred to the community-level.Finally,by explicitly leveraging the complementarity between PV generation and consumption,a dual time-series modeling architecture is developed to refine the initial community-level PV power generation estimates,thereby alleviating potential biases introduced during the model-transfer process.Extensive computational studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of SAM-LSTM in community-level BTM PV power generation disaggregation in real data from Hebei,China.Compared with the best-performing benchmarks,SAM-LSTM achieves up to 56%lower MSE,significantly demonstrating its strong generalization and robustness capabilities.展开更多
基金the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs,Canada,who supported this project by providing updated soil information on Ontario and Middlesex Countysupported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN-2014-4100)。
文摘Conventional soil maps(CSMs)often have multiple soil types within a single polygon,which hinders the ability of machine learning to accurately predict soils.Soil disaggregation approaches are commonly used to improve the spatial and attribute precision of CSMs.The approach disaggregation and harmonization of soil map units through resampled classification trees(DSMART)is popular but computationally intensive,as it generates and assigns synthetic samples to soil series based on the areal coverage information of CSMs.Alternatively,the disaggregation approach pure polygon disaggregation(PPD)assigns soil series based solely on the proportions of soil series in pure polygons in CSMs.This study compared these two disaggregation approaches by applying them to a CSM of Middlesex County,Ontario,Canada.Four different sampling methods were used:two sampling designs,simple random sampling(SRS)and conditional Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS),with two sample sizes(83100 and 19420 samples per sampling plan),both based on an area-weighted approach.Two machine learning algorithms(MLAs),C5.0 decision tree(C5.0)and random forest(RF),were applied to the disaggregation approaches to compare the disaggregation accuracy.The accuracy assessment utilized a set of 500 validation points obtained from the Middlesex County soil survey report.The MLA C5.0(Kappa index=0.58–0.63)showed better performance than RF(Kappa index=0.53–0.54)based on the larger sample size,and PPD with C5.0 based on the larger sample size was the best-performing(Kappa index=0.63)approach.Based on the smaller sample size,both cLHS(Kappa index=0.41–0.48)and SRS(Kappa index=0.40–0.47)produced similar accuracy results.The disaggregation approach PPD exhibited lower processing capacity and time demands(1.62–5.93 h)while yielding maps with lower uncertainty as compared to DSMART(2.75–194.2 h).For CSMs predominantly composed of pure polygons,utilizing PPD for soil series disaggregation is a more efficient and rational choice.However,DSMART is the preferable approach for disaggregating soil series that lack pure polygon representations in the CSMs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130530,91325301,41431177,41571212,41401237)the Project of "One-Three-Five" Strategic Planning & Frontier Sciences of the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISSASIP1622)+1 种基金the Government Interest Related Program between Canadian Space Agency and Agriculture and Agri-Food,Canada (13MOA01002)the Natural Science Research Program of Jiangsu Province (14KJA170001)
文摘Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5400-202112507A-0-5-ZN)the National Nature Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(No.52107120).
文摘As the intermittency and uncertainty of photovoltaic(PV)power generation poses considerable challenges to the power system operation,accurate PV generation estimates are critical for the distribution operation,maintenance,and demand response program implementation because of the increasing usage of distributed PVs.Currently,most residential PVs are installed behind the meter,with only the net load available to the utilities.Therefore,a method for disaggregating the residential PV generation from the net load data is needed to enhance the grid-edge observability.In this study,an unsupervised PV capacity estimation method based on net metering data is proposed,for estimating the PV capacity in the customer’s premise based on the distribution characteristics of nocturnal and diurnal net load extremes.Then,the PV generation disaggregation method is presented.Based on the analysis of the correlation between the nocturnal and diurnal actual loads and the correlation between the PV capacity and their actual PV generation,the PV generation of customers is estimated by applying linear fitting of multiple typical solar exemplars and then disaggregating them into hourly-resolution power profiles.Finally,the anomalies of disaggregated PV power are calibrated and corrected using the estimated capacity.Experiment results on a real-world hourly dataset involving 260 customers show that the proposed PV capacity estimation method achieves good accuracy because of the advantages of robustness and low complexity.Compared with the state-of-the-art PV disaggregation algorithm,the proposed method exhibits a reduction of over 15%for the mean absolute percentage error and over 20%for the root mean square error.
文摘With the benefits of increased computing power and much improved software,temporal disaggregation is examined.Disaggregation,the process of obtaining high frequency data from low frequency data has been discussed for many years.This study examines three methods which utilize the autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model in a simulation study comparing parameter estimation,disaggregation mean square error,and forecast mean square error.Finally,the three methods are applied to a real-world time series.
文摘Agricultural investment project selection is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem,as agricultural projects are easily influenced by various risk factors,and the evaluation information provided by decisionmakers usually involves uncertainty and inconsistency.Existing literature primarily employed direct preference elicitation methods to address such issues,necessitating a great cognitive effort on the part of decision-makers during evaluation,specifically,determining the weights of criteria.In this study,we propose an indirect preference elicitation method,known as a preference disaggregation method,to learn decision-maker preference models fromdecision examples.To enhance evaluation ease,decision-makers merely need to compare pairs of alternatives with which they are familiar,also known as reference alternatives.Probabilistic linguistic preference relations are employed to account for the presence of incomplete and uncertain information in such pairwise comparisons.To address the inconsistency among a group of decision-makers,we develop a pair of 0-1mixed integer programming models that consider both the semantics of linguistic terms and the belief degrees of decision-makers.Finally,we conduct a case study and comparative analysis.Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model in solving agricultural investment project selection problems with uncertain and inconsistent decision information.
文摘The de-manufacturing stage is an overlooked component of most current LCA （life cycle assessment） methodologies. Most of the current LCA techniques do not fully account for the usage of the product and end of life aspects. This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology that takes strong consideration of the inventory costs of use and end of life of the functional unit by combining manufacturing and de-manufacturing into the centerpiece of the hybrid analysis. In order to obtain this goal, a new disaggregated model was developed by enhancing current LCA hybrid methods related to life cycle inventory compilations. The new methodology is also compared to existing methodologies.
文摘The heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)system is a promising flexibility resource for building energy management and grid stability.Quantitatively assessing HVAC demand response(DR)potential is crucial for integrating buildings into DR programs.However,utilities and load aggregators typically only have total building energy data,making HVAC energy disaggregation challenging.This study proposes an unsupervised and hybrid time-frequency domain decomposition method(MSTL-VMD)to disaggregate HVAC energy from total consumption and an improved equivalent thermal parameter model to quantify DR potential while considering outdoor weather,indoor environment,and occupant comfort.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on historical data from 10 office buildings over 3 years.The results indicate that the HVAC energy can be accurately disaggregated using the MSTL-VMD method with NRMSE of 2.4%-12.6%.The proposed equivalent thermal parameter model can realize HVAC energy regression with an R2 value exceeding 0.8 for 80% of cases.A 1℃ indoor temperature increase results in energy savings of 7.3%-18.4% over the summer.The proposed method provides utilities and load aggregators with an effective and practical technique to quantify HVAC DR potential,enabling the development of optimal energy management strategies to enhance energy system resilience and efficiency.
基金National Natural Science Foun-dation of China under Grant(No.62572116)Hong Kong RGC General Research Fund Project under Grant(No.11213124)+5 种基金Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Re-search-Offshore Wind Power Joint Fund Project under Grant(No.2022A1515240066)Hong Kong RGC Collaborative Research Fund Project under Grant(No.C1049-24GF)Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Category C Project under Grant(No.SGDX20220530111205037)Hong Kong ITC Innovation and Technology Fund Project under Grant(No.ITS/034/22MS)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST under Grant(No.2023ONRC001)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(No.62576098).
文摘To facilitate the operation of distribution networks with a large scale of household photovoltaic systems integrated,the availability of community-level behind-the-meter(BTM)PV power generation is crucial.Yet,due to the scarcity of smart meters installed,it is challenging to obtain such information via directly aggregating measured power outputs of individual PV systems,and an effective estimation method needs to be developed.Considering the similarity between household-level and community-level data within the same geographical area,this paper develops a synchronization and model-transfer fused LSTM framework(SAM-LSTM).The core technical contribution lies in the development of the Synchronized Long Short-Term Memory(Syn-LSTM),which separately models the synchronized factors and disaggregated BTM data to capture more generalized representations.The learned household-level representations are then transferred to the community-level.Finally,by explicitly leveraging the complementarity between PV generation and consumption,a dual time-series modeling architecture is developed to refine the initial community-level PV power generation estimates,thereby alleviating potential biases introduced during the model-transfer process.Extensive computational studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of SAM-LSTM in community-level BTM PV power generation disaggregation in real data from Hebei,China.Compared with the best-performing benchmarks,SAM-LSTM achieves up to 56%lower MSE,significantly demonstrating its strong generalization and robustness capabilities.
