Tree rings provide long-term records of tree growth and climate changes,which makes them ideal benchmarks for forest modeling.Tree-ring information has greatly improved the reliability of 3-PG,which is one of the most...Tree rings provide long-term records of tree growth and climate changes,which makes them ideal benchmarks for forest modeling.Tree-ring information has greatly improved the reliability of 3-PG,which is one of the most commonly used process-based forest growth models.Here,we strengthen 3-PG's ability to simulate tree-ring width and stable carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C)by enhancing its descriptions of tree physiology.The major upgrade was adding a carbon storage pool for tree-ring formation using stored carbohydrates.We also incorporated previous modifications(replacing the age modifier with a height modifier)of 3-PG and tested their efficacy in improving tree-ring simulations.We ran the model based on two grand fir(Abies grandis)stands.The updated model greatly improved the simulations for both tree-ring widths andδ^(13)C.The results represent one of the best tree-ringδ^(13)C simulations,which accurately captured the amplitude in annual variations ofδ^(13)C.The correlations(R^(2))between simulations and observations reached 0.50 and 0.73 at two stands,respectively.The new model also greatly improved the simulations of raw tree-ring widths and detrended ring-width index(RWI).Because of better descriptions of tree physiology and more accurate simulations of tree rings than the previous model version,the updated 3-PG should provide more reliable simulations than previous 3-PG versions when tree-ring information is used as a benchmark in future studies.展开更多
The ideal storage virtualization system is compatible with all operating systems in storage area networks (SANs). However, current storage systems on clustered hosts and multiple operating systems are not practical....The ideal storage virtualization system is compatible with all operating systems in storage area networks (SANs). However, current storage systems on clustered hosts and multiple operating systems are not practical. This paper presents a storage virtualization system based on a SCSI target simulator in a SAN to solve these problems. This storage virtualization system runs in the target hosts of the SAN, dynamically stores the physical information, and uses the mapping table method to modify the SCSI command addresses. The system uses the bitmap technique to manage the free space. The storage virtualization system provides various functions, such as logical volume resizing, data mirroring, and snapshots, and is compatible with clustered hosts and multiple operating systems, such as Windows NT and RedHat.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42271048,42430503,and 31971492).
文摘Tree rings provide long-term records of tree growth and climate changes,which makes them ideal benchmarks for forest modeling.Tree-ring information has greatly improved the reliability of 3-PG,which is one of the most commonly used process-based forest growth models.Here,we strengthen 3-PG's ability to simulate tree-ring width and stable carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C)by enhancing its descriptions of tree physiology.The major upgrade was adding a carbon storage pool for tree-ring formation using stored carbohydrates.We also incorporated previous modifications(replacing the age modifier with a height modifier)of 3-PG and tested their efficacy in improving tree-ring simulations.We ran the model based on two grand fir(Abies grandis)stands.The updated model greatly improved the simulations for both tree-ring widths andδ^(13)C.The results represent one of the best tree-ringδ^(13)C simulations,which accurately captured the amplitude in annual variations ofδ^(13)C.The correlations(R^(2))between simulations and observations reached 0.50 and 0.73 at two stands,respectively.The new model also greatly improved the simulations of raw tree-ring widths and detrended ring-width index(RWI).Because of better descriptions of tree physiology and more accurate simulations of tree rings than the previous model version,the updated 3-PG should provide more reliable simulations than previous 3-PG versions when tree-ring information is used as a benchmark in future studies.
基金Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2001AA111110)
文摘The ideal storage virtualization system is compatible with all operating systems in storage area networks (SANs). However, current storage systems on clustered hosts and multiple operating systems are not practical. This paper presents a storage virtualization system based on a SCSI target simulator in a SAN to solve these problems. This storage virtualization system runs in the target hosts of the SAN, dynamically stores the physical information, and uses the mapping table method to modify the SCSI command addresses. The system uses the bitmap technique to manage the free space. The storage virtualization system provides various functions, such as logical volume resizing, data mirroring, and snapshots, and is compatible with clustered hosts and multiple operating systems, such as Windows NT and RedHat.
