Rechargeable batteries are essential energy storage devices that power portable devices and electrical vehicles throughout the wo rld.In general,it is thought that the electrochemical performance of recha rgeable batt...Rechargeable batteries are essential energy storage devices that power portable devices and electrical vehicles throughout the wo rld.In general,it is thought that the electrochemical performance of recha rgeable batteries is mostly determined by the electrodes within them and that the electrolyte plays a relatively passive role.However,ion transport and storage can be greatly influenced by the electrolyte solution structure,specifically,ion solvation within the bulk and ion desolvation across the electrode/electrolyte interfaces.Herein,we studied the role of the electrolyte as an active component of electrochemical energy storage devices.We found that with an appropriate electrolyte formulation,ion storage in disordered carbonaceous anode materials can occur spontaneously without externally supplied electrical energy.Reduced graphene oxide(RGO)in an ether-based electrolyte demonstrates'spontaneous'ion storage behaviors of adsorbing and inserting the solvated ions utilizing facilitated permeability and wettability of RGO,which results in Coulombic efficiency of~145%due to additional charging capacity of~180 mAh g^(-1)during electrochemical processes.The unexpected spontaneous ion storage behavior was extensively investigated using a combination of electrochemical analyses and diagnostics,advanced characterizations,and computational simulation.We believe the spontaneous ion storage behavior offers a new way to further improve the energy efficiency of practical rechargeable batteries.展开更多
Magnolia sinica is one of the most endangered Magnoliaceae species in China.Seed biology information concerning its long-term ex situ conservation and utilization is insufficient.This study investigated dormancy statu...Magnolia sinica is one of the most endangered Magnoliaceae species in China.Seed biology information concerning its long-term ex situ conservation and utilization is insufficient.This study investigated dormancy status,germination requirements and storage behavior of M.sinica.Freshly matured seeds germinated to ca.86.5%at 25/15℃but poorly at 30℃;GA3 and moist chilling promoted germination significantly at 20℃.Embryos grew at temperatures(alternating or constant)between 20℃and 25℃,but not at 5℃or 30℃.Our results indicate that M.sinica seeds possibly have non-deep simple mor-phophysiological dormancy(MPD).Seeds survived desiccation to 9.27%and 4.85%moisture content(MC)as well as a further 6-month storage at-20℃and in liquid nitrogen,including recovery in vitro as excised embryos.The established protocol ensured that at least 58%of seedlings were obtained after both cold storage and cryopreservation.These results indicate that both conventional seed banking and cryopreservation have potential as long-term ex situ conservation methods,although further optimized approaches are recommended for this critically endangered magnolia species.展开更多
Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the...Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the composite material is the key to strengthen its electrochemical characteristics.Herein,based on the high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of carbon dots(CDs),sodium titanate precursors containing CDs were in situ prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After the thermal conversion of the precursors,a composite material(NNTO/C)of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)was obtained,containing conductive carbon derived from CDs.The introduc⁃tion of conductive carbon not only adjusts the composition ratio of the mixed phases,but also provides a small charge transfer impedance(Rct,7.48Ω)and a big specific surface area(100.8 m^(2)/g).As a result,NNTO/C composites exhibit better sodium storage behavior while playing the synergistic interaction of mixed phases.When employed as the anode,after 200 cycles at 0.05 A/g,NNTO/C still maintains a specific capacity of 143.8 mA‧h/g.After 400 cycles at 1.00 A/g,the specific capacity remains as high as 108 mA‧h/g.This study suggests an innovative thinking for designing two-phase structures of electrode materials and the greater use of CDs in electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
MnO,a potential cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),has received extensive attention.Nevertheless,the hazy energy storage mechanism and sluggish Zn^(2+)kinetics pose a significant impediment to its future co...MnO,a potential cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),has received extensive attention.Nevertheless,the hazy energy storage mechanism and sluggish Zn^(2+)kinetics pose a significant impediment to its future commercialization.In light of this,the electrochemical activation processes and reaction mechanism of pure MnO were investigated.Combining the Pourbaix diagram and phase diagram of Zn-Mn-O with experiment results,the essential energy storage behavior of MnO cathode can be explained as follows:(1)Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction into ZnMn_(2)O_(4)derived from MnO-based active material,and(2)Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction into ZnMn_(2)O_(4)(originated from the transition of Mn^(2+)→Zn2Mn3O8→ZnMn_(2)O_(4)in the electrolyte).To further ulteriorly enhance the electrochemistry performance of MnO,N-doped carbon fiber surrounding MnO nanoparticles was constructed,which can provide a conductive matrix with a high specific surface area preventing the undue stack of as-formed ZnMn_(2)O_(4).Additionally,it creates a conductive highway for Zn^(2+)penetration through the electrode/electrolyte interphase,thanks to the electron-rich N that facilitate the reduction of the desolvation penalty.Thus,the results from this study provide a new angle for designing high-performance MnO-based cathodes for AZIBs.展开更多
Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end...Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end of the rainy season (mid-late August to late September) and were scatter-hoarded by rodents as food for winter after the seeds had fallen to the ground. Seedlings often emerged in the forest during the rainy season (May to August) the following year. Intact seeds of G. cowa failed to germinate after being sown at 30 °C for 120 d and the mean germination time (MGT) of seeds cultured in a shade (50% sunlight) nursery was 252 d. The most effective method of breaking dormancy was to remove the seed coat totally, which reduced the MGT to 13 d at 30 °C. Germination was also promoted by partial removal of the seed coat (excising the hilum and exposing the radicle) and chemical scarification (immersion in 1% H2O2 for 1 d). Unscarified seeds take up water rapidly in the first 96 h, but water was absorbed by the outside seed coat, without penetrating through it. The moisture content (MC) of G. cowa seeds was high (50% in fresh weight) at shedding. The seeds could tolerate desiccation to some extent, until the MC reached approximately 40%; below that, the viability decreases rapidly and all seeds died at approximately 17% of MC. Seed viability decreased rapidly when seeds were chilled at 4 °C; germination was 2% after storage for 1 week. Even stored at 10 °C, seeds began to be damaged after 4 weeks. Seed storage for 1 yr revealed that in both dry (relative humidity (35 ± 5)%) and moist (wet sand) storage conditions, seed viability declined, but germination percentages for seeds stored under moist conditions are better than for seed stored under dry conditions. Because of their low tolerance to desiccation, marked chilling sensitivity and relatively short lifespan, G. cowa seeds should be classified into the tropical recalcitrant category. The ecological implications of dormant recalcitrant seeds and cues on storing recalcitrant seeds were discussed.展开更多
Titanium dioxide (TiO_(2)) has been widely investigated as a candidate for anode materials of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and high abundance.However,the intrinsic sluggish ion/electron transfer rat...Titanium dioxide (TiO_(2)) has been widely investigated as a candidate for anode materials of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and high abundance.However,the intrinsic sluggish ion/electron transfer rate hinders its practical applications for high energy density storage devices.In contrast,antimony(Sb) shows high specific theoretical capacity (660 m Ah/g) as well as excellent electron conductivity,but the large volume variation upon cycling usually leads to severe capacity fading.Herein,with the objective of achieving high-performance sodium storage anode materials,Ti O_(2)@C-Sb nanotablets with a small amount of Sb content (6.4 wt%) are developed through calcination Ti-metal–organic framework (MIL-125)derived TiO_(2)@C/SbCl3 mixture under reductive atmosphere.Benefitting from the synergetic effect of welldispersed Sb nanoparticles as well as robust porous TiO_(2)@C substrate,the TiO_(2)@C-Sb shows enhanced electron/ion transfer rate and predominantly pseudocapacitive sodium storage behavior,delivering a reversible capacity of 219 m Ah/g at 0.5 A/g even after 1000 cycles.More significantly,this method may be commonly used to incorporate other alloy-based high-theoretical materials into MIL-125-derived TiO_(2)@C,which is promising for developing high-energy-density TiO_(2)-based energy storage devices.展开更多
Onion bulbs were stored at five different temperatures to know the storage behavior of onion bulbs. Indian red onion bulbs were kept without wrapping at ambient conditions (25℃ ± 3℃ and 75% RH) and within polye...Onion bulbs were stored at five different temperatures to know the storage behavior of onion bulbs. Indian red onion bulbs were kept without wrapping at ambient conditions (25℃ ± 3℃ and 75% RH) and within polyethylene pouch at 2.5℃, 6℃, 7℃ and 13℃ for 60 days of storage period. Weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), number of sprouted and rotten bulbs were measured at an interval of 10 days throughout storage. The greatest decrease (23.25%) in weight was observed throughout storage for onions stored at ambient conditions. TSS was observed to increase in all samples until 40 days of storage and then decreased up to 60 days. Lowest TSS (14.89 ?Bx) was found in onion stored at ambient conditions at the end of storage. Maximum sprouted (67.25%) and rotten (17.78%) onions were observed for onions stored at 13℃, whereas minimum sprouted and rotten onions were found at 2.5℃ at 60 days of storage. Results also recommend lowest temperatures (2.5℃ - 6℃) for prolong storage life of onion with no detrimental effects.展开更多
Promoting industry applications of high-energy Li metal batteries(LMBs)is of vital importance for accelerating the electrification and decarbonization of our society.Unfortunately,the time-dependent storage aging of A...Promoting industry applications of high-energy Li metal batteries(LMBs)is of vital importance for accelerating the electrification and decarbonization of our society.Unfortunately,the time-dependent storage aging of Ah-level Li metal pouch cells,a ubiquitous but crucial practical indicator,has not yet been revealed.Herein,we first report the storage behaviors and multilateral synergistic aging mechanism of Ah-level NCM811jjLi pouch cells during the 120-day long-term storage under various conditions.Contrary to the conventional belief of Li-ion batteries with graphite intercalation anodes,the significant available capacity loss of 32.8%on average originates from the major electrolyte-sensitive anode corrosion and partial superimposed cathode degradation,and the irreversible capacity loss of 13.3%is essentially attributed to the unrecoverable interface/structure deterioration of NCM with further hindrance of the aged Li.Moreover,principles of alleviating aging have been proposed.This work bridges academia and industry and enriches the fundamental epistemology of storage aging of LMBs,shedding light on realistic applications of high-energy batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the faculty research fund of Sejong Universityfunding from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)under grant number NRF-2022R1F1A1071444+2 种基金funding from NRF under grant numbers NRF-2022R1A2B5B03001781Funding provided by the Department of Energy Office of Energy EfficiencyRenewable Energy Vehicles Technology Office。
文摘Rechargeable batteries are essential energy storage devices that power portable devices and electrical vehicles throughout the wo rld.In general,it is thought that the electrochemical performance of recha rgeable batteries is mostly determined by the electrodes within them and that the electrolyte plays a relatively passive role.However,ion transport and storage can be greatly influenced by the electrolyte solution structure,specifically,ion solvation within the bulk and ion desolvation across the electrode/electrolyte interfaces.Herein,we studied the role of the electrolyte as an active component of electrochemical energy storage devices.We found that with an appropriate electrolyte formulation,ion storage in disordered carbonaceous anode materials can occur spontaneously without externally supplied electrical energy.Reduced graphene oxide(RGO)in an ether-based electrolyte demonstrates'spontaneous'ion storage behaviors of adsorbing and inserting the solvated ions utilizing facilitated permeability and wettability of RGO,which results in Coulombic efficiency of~145%due to additional charging capacity of~180 mAh g^(-1)during electrochemical processes.The unexpected spontaneous ion storage behavior was extensively investigated using a combination of electrochemical analyses and diagnostics,advanced characterizations,and computational simulation.We believe the spontaneous ion storage behavior offers a new way to further improve the energy efficiency of practical rechargeable batteries.
文摘Magnolia sinica is one of the most endangered Magnoliaceae species in China.Seed biology information concerning its long-term ex situ conservation and utilization is insufficient.This study investigated dormancy status,germination requirements and storage behavior of M.sinica.Freshly matured seeds germinated to ca.86.5%at 25/15℃but poorly at 30℃;GA3 and moist chilling promoted germination significantly at 20℃.Embryos grew at temperatures(alternating or constant)between 20℃and 25℃,but not at 5℃or 30℃.Our results indicate that M.sinica seeds possibly have non-deep simple mor-phophysiological dormancy(MPD).Seeds survived desiccation to 9.27%and 4.85%moisture content(MC)as well as a further 6-month storage at-20℃and in liquid nitrogen,including recovery in vitro as excised embryos.The established protocol ensured that at least 58%of seedlings were obtained after both cold storage and cryopreservation.These results indicate that both conventional seed banking and cryopreservation have potential as long-term ex situ conservation methods,although further optimized approaches are recommended for this critically endangered magnolia species.
文摘Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)are two typical titanate-based sodium-storage materials,featuring the high theoretical capacity and favorable structure stability,respectively.Regulating the ratio of them in the composite material is the key to strengthen its electrochemical characteristics.Herein,based on the high specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups of carbon dots(CDs),sodium titanate precursors containing CDs were in situ prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After the thermal conversion of the precursors,a composite material(NNTO/C)of Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)and Na_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)was obtained,containing conductive carbon derived from CDs.The introduc⁃tion of conductive carbon not only adjusts the composition ratio of the mixed phases,but also provides a small charge transfer impedance(Rct,7.48Ω)and a big specific surface area(100.8 m^(2)/g).As a result,NNTO/C composites exhibit better sodium storage behavior while playing the synergistic interaction of mixed phases.When employed as the anode,after 200 cycles at 0.05 A/g,NNTO/C still maintains a specific capacity of 143.8 mA‧h/g.After 400 cycles at 1.00 A/g,the specific capacity remains as high as 108 mA‧h/g.This study suggests an innovative thinking for designing two-phase structures of electrode materials and the greater use of CDs in electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374029).
文摘MnO,a potential cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),has received extensive attention.Nevertheless,the hazy energy storage mechanism and sluggish Zn^(2+)kinetics pose a significant impediment to its future commercialization.In light of this,the electrochemical activation processes and reaction mechanism of pure MnO were investigated.Combining the Pourbaix diagram and phase diagram of Zn-Mn-O with experiment results,the essential energy storage behavior of MnO cathode can be explained as follows:(1)Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction into ZnMn_(2)O_(4)derived from MnO-based active material,and(2)Zn^(2+)insertion/extraction into ZnMn_(2)O_(4)(originated from the transition of Mn^(2+)→Zn2Mn3O8→ZnMn_(2)O_(4)in the electrolyte).To further ulteriorly enhance the electrochemistry performance of MnO,N-doped carbon fiber surrounding MnO nanoparticles was constructed,which can provide a conductive matrix with a high specific surface area preventing the undue stack of as-formed ZnMn_(2)O_(4).Additionally,it creates a conductive highway for Zn^(2+)penetration through the electrode/electrolyte interphase,thanks to the electron-rich N that facilitate the reduction of the desolvation penalty.Thus,the results from this study provide a new angle for designing high-performance MnO-based cathodes for AZIBs.
文摘Abstract: The dormancy breaking and storage behavior of Garcinia cowa Roxb. seeds were investigated. The seeds of G. cowa had 8–11 months dormancy in their natural habitat. Seeds were matured and dispersed at the end of the rainy season (mid-late August to late September) and were scatter-hoarded by rodents as food for winter after the seeds had fallen to the ground. Seedlings often emerged in the forest during the rainy season (May to August) the following year. Intact seeds of G. cowa failed to germinate after being sown at 30 °C for 120 d and the mean germination time (MGT) of seeds cultured in a shade (50% sunlight) nursery was 252 d. The most effective method of breaking dormancy was to remove the seed coat totally, which reduced the MGT to 13 d at 30 °C. Germination was also promoted by partial removal of the seed coat (excising the hilum and exposing the radicle) and chemical scarification (immersion in 1% H2O2 for 1 d). Unscarified seeds take up water rapidly in the first 96 h, but water was absorbed by the outside seed coat, without penetrating through it. The moisture content (MC) of G. cowa seeds was high (50% in fresh weight) at shedding. The seeds could tolerate desiccation to some extent, until the MC reached approximately 40%; below that, the viability decreases rapidly and all seeds died at approximately 17% of MC. Seed viability decreased rapidly when seeds were chilled at 4 °C; germination was 2% after storage for 1 week. Even stored at 10 °C, seeds began to be damaged after 4 weeks. Seed storage for 1 yr revealed that in both dry (relative humidity (35 ± 5)%) and moist (wet sand) storage conditions, seed viability declined, but germination percentages for seeds stored under moist conditions are better than for seed stored under dry conditions. Because of their low tolerance to desiccation, marked chilling sensitivity and relatively short lifespan, G. cowa seeds should be classified into the tropical recalcitrant category. The ecological implications of dormant recalcitrant seeds and cues on storing recalcitrant seeds were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52077175,51905236)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(No.EIPE22204)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(No.20KJA480005)the Qinglan Engineering Project of Jiangsu Universities。
文摘Titanium dioxide (TiO_(2)) has been widely investigated as a candidate for anode materials of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost and high abundance.However,the intrinsic sluggish ion/electron transfer rate hinders its practical applications for high energy density storage devices.In contrast,antimony(Sb) shows high specific theoretical capacity (660 m Ah/g) as well as excellent electron conductivity,but the large volume variation upon cycling usually leads to severe capacity fading.Herein,with the objective of achieving high-performance sodium storage anode materials,Ti O_(2)@C-Sb nanotablets with a small amount of Sb content (6.4 wt%) are developed through calcination Ti-metal–organic framework (MIL-125)derived TiO_(2)@C/SbCl3 mixture under reductive atmosphere.Benefitting from the synergetic effect of welldispersed Sb nanoparticles as well as robust porous TiO_(2)@C substrate,the TiO_(2)@C-Sb shows enhanced electron/ion transfer rate and predominantly pseudocapacitive sodium storage behavior,delivering a reversible capacity of 219 m Ah/g at 0.5 A/g even after 1000 cycles.More significantly,this method may be commonly used to incorporate other alloy-based high-theoretical materials into MIL-125-derived TiO_(2)@C,which is promising for developing high-energy-density TiO_(2)-based energy storage devices.
文摘Onion bulbs were stored at five different temperatures to know the storage behavior of onion bulbs. Indian red onion bulbs were kept without wrapping at ambient conditions (25℃ ± 3℃ and 75% RH) and within polyethylene pouch at 2.5℃, 6℃, 7℃ and 13℃ for 60 days of storage period. Weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), number of sprouted and rotten bulbs were measured at an interval of 10 days throughout storage. The greatest decrease (23.25%) in weight was observed throughout storage for onions stored at ambient conditions. TSS was observed to increase in all samples until 40 days of storage and then decreased up to 60 days. Lowest TSS (14.89 ?Bx) was found in onion stored at ambient conditions at the end of storage. Maximum sprouted (67.25%) and rotten (17.78%) onions were observed for onions stored at 13℃, whereas minimum sprouted and rotten onions were found at 2.5℃ at 60 days of storage. Results also recommend lowest temperatures (2.5℃ - 6℃) for prolong storage life of onion with no detrimental effects.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51974256,52034011The Outstanding Young Scholars of Shaanxi,Grant/Award Number:2019JC-12+3 种基金The Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2019JLZ-01,2019JLM-29Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:3102021ZD0401,3102021TS0406,3102019JC005the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi UniversitiesND Basic Research Funds,Grant/Award Number:G2022WD。
文摘Promoting industry applications of high-energy Li metal batteries(LMBs)is of vital importance for accelerating the electrification and decarbonization of our society.Unfortunately,the time-dependent storage aging of Ah-level Li metal pouch cells,a ubiquitous but crucial practical indicator,has not yet been revealed.Herein,we first report the storage behaviors and multilateral synergistic aging mechanism of Ah-level NCM811jjLi pouch cells during the 120-day long-term storage under various conditions.Contrary to the conventional belief of Li-ion batteries with graphite intercalation anodes,the significant available capacity loss of 32.8%on average originates from the major electrolyte-sensitive anode corrosion and partial superimposed cathode degradation,and the irreversible capacity loss of 13.3%is essentially attributed to the unrecoverable interface/structure deterioration of NCM with further hindrance of the aged Li.Moreover,principles of alleviating aging have been proposed.This work bridges academia and industry and enriches the fundamental epistemology of storage aging of LMBs,shedding light on realistic applications of high-energy batteries.
