Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumpti...Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumption and production worldwide. However, its food value and seed viability tend to decline during storage. Understanding the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of aging tolerance forms the basis for enhancing seed storability in rice. This review outlines the latest progress in influential factors, evaluation methods, and identification indices of seed storability. It also discusses the physiological consequences, molecular mechanisms, and strategies for breeding aging-tolerant rice in detail. Finally, it highlights challenges in seed storability research that require future attention. This review offers a theoretical foundation and research direction for uncovering the mechanisms behind seed storability and breeding aging-tolerant rice.展开更多
Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) +...Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.展开更多
Seed storability （SS） is an important trait for agronomic production and germplasm preservation in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Quantitative trait locus （QTL） for seed storability in three storage periods was identif...Seed storability （SS） is an important trait for agronomic production and germplasm preservation in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Quantitative trait locus （QTL） for seed storability in three storage periods was identified using two sets of recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from the crosses with a colnmon female parent Shennong 265 （SN265）. Ten QTLs for seed storability were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12in SL-RILs （SN265/Lijiangxingtuanheigui （LTH））, and a total of 12 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 10 in SH-RILs （SN265/Luhui 99 （LH99））in different storage periods. Among these QTLs, five major QTLs were identified in more than one storage period. The qSS3-1, qSS3-2, qSS12-1, and qSS12-2 were detected in SL-RILs. Similarly, qSS2-2, qSS2-3, qSS6-2, qSS6-3, qSS6-4, qSS9-1, and qSS9-2 were detected in SH-RILs. In addition, the maximum phenotypic variation was derived from the qSS6-1 and qSS9-2, explaining 53.58 and 29.09%, respectively, while qSS6-1 was a new stable QTL for seed storability. These results provide an opportunity for pyramiding and map-based cloning major QTLs for seed storability in rice.展开更多
Different temperatures and PEF packing treatments were carried out on postharvest Huanghua pear fruit to investigate their effects on fruit storability and the regulatory mechanism. LOX activity, O2- content, AOS acti...Different temperatures and PEF packing treatments were carried out on postharvest Huanghua pear fruit to investigate their effects on fruit storability and the regulatory mechanism. LOX activity, O2- content, AOS activity, ACC synthase activity, ACC content, ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production changed with peaks in the ripening fruit at 20℃ and were inhibited by cold storage, incidence of fruit woolness and fruit decay were lightened as well. Low temperature combined with PEF packing (PEF1 and PEF2) treatments could further improve the fruit storability, maintain preferable quality. There was no significant difference between PEF1 and PEF2 both during cold storage at 1℃ and shelf life at 20℃. The recommended storage period of Huanghua fruit was two months at It and could be extended one month longer with PEF packing treatments.展开更多
The degradation of lipids was mainly responsible for the reduction of rice quality and production of stale flavor during its storage. It was proved that LOX-3, the major component of the isozymes accounting for 80% - ...The degradation of lipids was mainly responsible for the reduction of rice quality and production of stale flavor during its storage. It was proved that LOX-3, the major component of the isozymes accounting for 80% - 90% of total activity, was the key enzyme in above process. Further results indicated that the lack of LOX-3 in Daw Dam led to decrease of lipid peroxidation, alleviating the accumulation of stale flavor during storage, which is caused by hexanal, pentanal and pentanol compounds etc. Genetic survey displayed that the absence of LOX-3 was controlled by a single Mendelian recessive gene. On the other hand, three cloned LOX genes and deduced LOX genes encoding some purified LOXs could not be contributed to the embryo LOX genes by comparing biochemical characterizations of these expressed products and some purified LOXs with known LOXs in rice embryos. The future research should focus on the further influences of LOX-3-null on rice storability. Meanwhile, single-base-trans version in coding region, insertion, deletion and replacement in promoter of LOX genes were related with lipoxygenase-null genotype of soybean and pea. Therefore, the cloning of the recessive gene controlling the null of LOX-3 and its corresponding dominant gene in rice seed embryos will contribute to the understanding of the null molecular mechanism, elucidating the differences of LOX genes expression and regulation in rice embryos. In the last, the breeding strategy of new storable rice, including the theoretical and practical concepts, was surveyed.展开更多
Seed storability (SS), also called seed longevity, is a valuable trait for seed banks and providing reliable crop seeds to farmers, which is usually negatively correlated to lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. In this study,...Seed storability (SS), also called seed longevity, is a valuable trait for seed banks and providing reliable crop seeds to farmers, which is usually negatively correlated to lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. In this study, the seed storability of 60 accessions of CIMMYT core wheat germplasm panel (CIMCOG) was investigated through artificial aging (AA) test, including three parameters relative germination potential (RGP), relative germination rate (RGR) and relative seedling vigor index (RVI). Significant positive relationships were observed among RGP, RGR and RVI. And the genotypes at three LOX activity related QTLs/genes <em>QLpx.caas</em>-4<em>B</em>, <em>QLpx.caas</em>-1<em>AL</em> and <em>TaLOX</em>-<em>B</em>1 were also identified with published trait-associated molecular markers. For <em>QLpx.caas</em>-4<em>B</em>, a total of five alleles were detected at the locus of <em>Xgwm</em>251, and one marker-trait association was identified for RVI. Four and two alleles were detected at the loci of <em>QLpx.caas</em>-1<em>AL</em> and <em>TaLoxB</em>1 that were significantly associated with RGP, RGR and RVI, respectively. A total of 9 haplotypes were detected at three lipoxygenase activity related gene loci, and the haplotype of three lipoxygenase loci showed a significant association with RGP, RGR and RVI. The haplotype of <em>Xgwm</em>251<sub>-125<em>bp</em> </sub>+ <em>Xwmc</em>312<sub>-247<em>bp</em></sub> + <em>TaLox</em>-<em>B</em>1<em>b</em> produced seeds with the best storability in the CIMCOG, which could benefit the breeding for wheat with good seed storability.展开更多
Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration,spoilage,and decay,which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives.Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)is an economic...Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration,spoilage,and decay,which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives.Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)is an economical,safe,and environmentally friendly postharvest technology for fresh produce.The effects of SAEW at 40 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)on the storage behaviour and quality performance of Chinese olives were explored.In contrast with the control sample,SAEW-treated Chinese olives presented a lower pericarp greenness(-)-redness(+)(a^(*))value,a lower percentage of fruit weight loss,a lower fruit respiration rate,a higher percentage of healthy fruit,and higher values of pericarp lightness(L^(*)),blueness(-)-yellowness(+)(b^(*)),chroma(C),and hue angle(h°).Additionally,SAEW treatment helped delay the declines in the levels of pericarp chlorophyll,pulp sucrose,total soluble solids,titratable acid,vitamin C,and total soluble sugars,as well as reduce the increases in pericarp carotenoid and pulp-reducing sugar.These data suggest that SAEW treatment could efficaciously elevate the storage performance and quality maintenance of postharvest Chinese olives,thereby lengthening the storage life of fresh Chinese olives.展开更多
Reasons causing or accelerating seed aging are mainly damage of mem- branes, DNA and proteins, decline of protein synthesis capacity and excessive ac- cumulation of reactive oxygen species. With the application of nat...Reasons causing or accelerating seed aging are mainly damage of mem- branes, DNA and proteins, decline of protein synthesis capacity and excessive ac- cumulation of reactive oxygen species. With the application of natural aging or artifi- cial aging methods, it was reported that quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of seed stora- bility in rice were widely distributed on the chromosomes except the 10th chromo- some. In this paper, we reviewed the progresses in the research on physiological- biochemical and genetic mechanisms of seed aging, and analyzed the existing problems and developing prospect in molecular breeding of rice with improved seed storability, in order to provide reference for the basic research and genetic improve- ment of rice seed storabUity.展开更多
The research, based on pol ens of Zygocactus truncates during ful-bloom period, selected suitable culture medium and temperature for pol en germination and explored the effects of storage temperatures and pol en col e...The research, based on pol ens of Zygocactus truncates during ful-bloom period, selected suitable culture medium and temperature for pol en germination and explored the effects of storage temperatures and pol en col ection methods on pol en vitality of Zygocactus truncates and the results showed that the culture medium containing 200 g/L saccharose, 20 mg/L boric acid, and 20 mg/L calcium chloride is suitable for pol en germination of Zygocactus truncates; when the temperature kept below 20 ℃, pol en germination period last short, and germination rate kept higher;pol en germination performed better with filaments, and pol en tube grew wel .展开更多
The impacts of synthetic polypropylene ground cover in the row area of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees (‘Regina’/’Gisela 6’) on soil nutrient availability, tree mineral nutrition and productivity, and economi...The impacts of synthetic polypropylene ground cover in the row area of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees (‘Regina’/’Gisela 6’) on soil nutrient availability, tree mineral nutrition and productivity, and economic returns were investigated on a Van Horn fine sandy loam soil at Hood River OR, from 2000 to 2007. Treatments included 2.44-m wide synthetic fabric ground cover made of black, woven poly-propylene over the row area of cherry trees (woven fabric), and no ground cover but with herbicide applications in the row area with the same width as the polypropylene ground cover (herbicide strip) – standard industry practice. This article reports the plant nutrition and soil fertility results of 2006 and 2007 and profitability and feasibility results of 2000 to 2007. Tree leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations were significantly higher with 9 to 14% increases using woven fabric compared with herbicide strip in 2006 and 2007. However, leaf sulfur (S) concentrations were significantly lowered with woven fabric in the two seasons. Woven fabric resulted in fruit with comparable quality and possible greater storability under enhanced fruit yields than herbicide strip in both years. Woven fabric was more profitable than herbicide strip based on an additional net present value of $2,606 ha-1 by the end of this study. Woven fabric had annual gross returns greater than annual costs in the fourth year after planting by $8,181 ha-1 relative to herbicide strip, and had cumulative net returns greater than total costs of all previous years in the sixth year after planting by $17,796 ha-1 over herbicide strip. However, to establish a sweet cherry orchard with woven fabric, the grower would spend an additional $4,332 ha-1 over herbicide strip. In conclusion, woven fabric is a profitable and sustainable in-row ground management alternative to herbicide strip for orchards from a long-term perspective.展开更多
Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze is a representative species of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Brazil.The development of a germplasm conservation protocol for long-term seed bank st...Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze is a representative species of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Brazil.The development of a germplasm conservation protocol for long-term seed bank storage is compromised for this species,as it is sensitive to desiccation.Furthermore,in situ establishment of a soil seed bank in its natural habitat may be limited.This study evaluates the storability of two provenances of A.angustifolia seeds and their behavior in an artificial soil seed bank in two forest environments(understory and edge).Results show that both seed provenances may be stored at 5C for approximately 12 months,retaining high viability.The subsequent decrease in germination was associated with a reduction and an increase in seed water content,as well as with increased electrical conductivity.In the understory environment,seed viability was above 85%for the first 60 days,and at the end of the experiment(270 days),seedlings emerged.However,at the forest edge,there was a total loss of seed viability after 120 days associated with a reduction in water content and high predation.It is concluded,therefore,that short-term storage of A.angustifolia seeds is possible in a cold room,which is fundamental to supply seed demand outside the production period.Forest cover conservation is important for regeneration and conservation of the species.展开更多
The key successful for seed priming technique was the management of seed imbibition process. This study was aimed to indicate the seed moisture sorption characteristics of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Samerng 2 in relation ...The key successful for seed priming technique was the management of seed imbibition process. This study was aimed to indicate the seed moisture sorption characteristics of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Samerng 2 in relation to the seed priming technique and its effect on the seed qualities. The experiment was designed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Seed hydro-priming technique was done under 25 degree Celsius, and 40% - 60% RH. Barley seed moisture content was determined every hour after imbibition for 24 hours. Then, primed barley seed qualities were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 hours of hydrotime. The results revealed that barley seeds were imbibed rapidly from 10.55% to 37.69% seed moisture content during 0 - 9 hours of imbibition. The constantly seed moisture content was continued until 17 hours of imbibition. Radicle was protruded with 42.74% seed moisture content. Seed moisture sorption characteristic equation was Y = 0.0055x3- 0.267x2 + 4.5931x + 13.348. Coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.916. Primed seed germination was not affected by hydrotime. Primed seeds were improved in speed of germination and seedling growth rate. The best primed barley seed vigorous was noted at 14 - 16 hours of hydrotime. In addition, catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were not significantly different for non-primed and 14 - 16 hours primed seeds. However, lipoxygenase activity (LOX) was increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased for 14 - 16 hours primed seeds. Subsequently, 14 - 16 hours primed barley seeds can maintain high seed germination and vigor for 8 - 12 months under 5 degree Celsius. Thus, it could be concluded that hydro-priming for 14 - 16 hours enhances barley seed quality by reducing germination time, induced defenses mechanism, and could be stored for 8 - 12 months.展开更多
Melamine resin(MR),traditionally synthesized using melamine and formaldehyde,is widely used in the leather industry.However,the emission of free formaldehyde poses a significant challenge for conventional MR.To addres...Melamine resin(MR),traditionally synthesized using melamine and formaldehyde,is widely used in the leather industry.However,the emission of free formaldehyde poses a significant challenge for conventional MR.To address the issues of aldehyde in MR,extensive research has been conducted.This paper introduces a novel aldehydefree MR(LTSL)retanning agent synthesized using cyanuric chloride,l-lysine,and sodium sulfanilate.The chemical structure of LTSL was analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The presence of amino,carboxyl,and sulfonic acid groups in LTSL enhanced its storability and imparted LTSL with an amphoteric character.The isoelectric point of LTSL was optimized to reach 4.37,and LTSL exhibited an appropriate size distribution with an average particle size of 254.17 nm and achieved high absorption rates of 87.77%and 95.84%for retanning and fatliquoring agents,respectively.Consequently,the thickness rate of LTSL reached up to 37%,with no detectable formaldehyde.Notably,LTSL also demonstrated excellent physical and mechanical properties,primarily attributed to the coordination and electrostatic interactions between the chrome-tanned collagen fiber and amino/carboxyl groups in LTSL.This research presents an innovative approach for developing an aldehyde-free MR retanning agent,significantly contributing to the sustainable development of leather manufacturing.展开更多
Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)is one of the most popular biomaterials in regenerative medicine.However,the difficulties encountered in its preservation,and the requirement for on-demand preparation severely limit its appli...Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)is one of the most popular biomaterials in regenerative medicine.However,the difficulties encountered in its preservation,and the requirement for on-demand preparation severely limit its application.In addition,its rapid degradation in the wound microenvironment makes the sustained release of growth factors impossible and finally reduces the therapeutic effect on chronic wounds.Here,a multifunctional dressing based on triple-layered core-shell fibers for loading and enduring preservation of PRP was developed using a one-step coaxial bioprinting technique combined with freeze-drying.The platelets were effectively dispersed and immobilized in the core layer of the fiber,leading to a sustained release of growth factors from the PRP.The rate of release can be controlled by adjusting the triple-layered core-shell structure.Simultaneously,the triple-layered core-shell structure can reduce the deactivation of PRP during freezing and storage.The experimental findings suggest that PRP exhibits sustained activity,facilitating the process of wound healing even after a storage period of 180 days.Furthermore,the protective mechanism of PRP by the triple-layered core-shell fiber was investigated,and the conditions for freeze-drying and storage were optimized,further enhancing the long-term storability of PRP.As a result,the multifunctional core-shell fiber dressings developed in this study offer a novel approach for sustained growth factor release and the enduring preservation of active PRP.展开更多
Gel propulsion systems have many advantages with respect to high performance, the energy management of liquid propulsion systems, storability, high density impulse, and low leakage of liquid propellants. The atomizati...Gel propulsion systems have many advantages with respect to high performance, the energy management of liquid propulsion systems, storability, high density impulse, and low leakage of liquid propellants. The atomization process provides sufficient contact surface area between the gelled fuel and oxidizer jets. It is important to study how injection characteristics of gelled propellants are related with break-up and spray distribution. The break-up and mixing processes are very important in achieving maximum efficiency and necessitate the careful study of combustion instability. Gelled propellants are non-Newtonian fluids in which the viscosity is a function of the shear rate, and they have a high dynamic shear viscosity which depends on the amount of gelling agent contents. The present study has focused on the break-up process, wave development of ligament and liquid sheets formed by impinging jets with various gelling agent contents. Especially, the break-up processes of the impinging jets at the initial conditions are studied. The break-up process of like-on-like doublet impinging jets are experimentally characterized using non-Newtonian liquids which are mixed by ionized water 98.5 wt%, Carbopol 941 0.5wt% or 1.0wt%, and NaOH(concentration 10%) 1.0wt%. For the like-on-like doublet injector, the generation of a liquid sheet at the impinging point of two jets was observed. The spray shape with elliptical pattern is distributed in a perpendicular direction to the momentum vectors of the jets. Gelled propellant simulants with high viscosity jets are more stable and produce less pronounced surface waves than low viscosity jets. Generally, the break-up length decreased due to the increasing Reynolds number. However, surface waves and atomized droplets increased. Gelled propellant simulants from like-on-like doublet impinging jets have the spray shape of closed rim patterns at low pressure. Also, the rim patterns of spray have no disturbances on the spray sheet. As the injection pressure increased, rimless patterns which were composed of ligament sheets and small droplets emerged due to the effect of the aerodynamic action. Periodic wave-like structures observed from the near impingement point and atomized droplets were observed at a location further downstream.展开更多
基金funded by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovative Project of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. QL20220107)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2021RC4066 and 2023NK1010)the Special Funds for the Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2021NK1012)。
文摘Long-term storage of crop seeds is critical for the conservation of germplasm resources, ensuring food supply, and supporting sustainable production. Rice, as a major food staple, has a substantial stock for consumption and production worldwide. However, its food value and seed viability tend to decline during storage. Understanding the physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of aging tolerance forms the basis for enhancing seed storability in rice. This review outlines the latest progress in influential factors, evaluation methods, and identification indices of seed storability. It also discusses the physiological consequences, molecular mechanisms, and strategies for breeding aging-tolerant rice in detail. Finally, it highlights challenges in seed storability research that require future attention. This review offers a theoretical foundation and research direction for uncovering the mechanisms behind seed storability and breeding aging-tolerant rice.
文摘Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.
基金supported by the Major Project of Education Department in Liaoning,China(LSNZD201604)
文摘Seed storability （SS） is an important trait for agronomic production and germplasm preservation in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Quantitative trait locus （QTL） for seed storability in three storage periods was identified using two sets of recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from the crosses with a colnmon female parent Shennong 265 （SN265）. Ten QTLs for seed storability were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12in SL-RILs （SN265/Lijiangxingtuanheigui （LTH））, and a total of 12 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 10 in SH-RILs （SN265/Luhui 99 （LH99））in different storage periods. Among these QTLs, five major QTLs were identified in more than one storage period. The qSS3-1, qSS3-2, qSS12-1, and qSS12-2 were detected in SL-RILs. Similarly, qSS2-2, qSS2-3, qSS6-2, qSS6-3, qSS6-4, qSS9-1, and qSS9-2 were detected in SH-RILs. In addition, the maximum phenotypic variation was derived from the qSS6-1 and qSS9-2, explaining 53.58 and 29.09%, respectively, while qSS6-1 was a new stable QTL for seed storability. These results provide an opportunity for pyramiding and map-based cloning major QTLs for seed storability in rice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270917) the Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZD0004)
文摘Different temperatures and PEF packing treatments were carried out on postharvest Huanghua pear fruit to investigate their effects on fruit storability and the regulatory mechanism. LOX activity, O2- content, AOS activity, ACC synthase activity, ACC content, ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production changed with peaks in the ripening fruit at 20℃ and were inhibited by cold storage, incidence of fruit woolness and fruit decay were lightened as well. Low temperature combined with PEF packing (PEF1 and PEF2) treatments could further improve the fruit storability, maintain preferable quality. There was no significant difference between PEF1 and PEF2 both during cold storage at 1℃ and shelf life at 20℃. The recommended storage period of Huanghua fruit was two months at It and could be extended one month longer with PEF packing treatments.
基金supported by the Transgenic Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(J00-A006-1)the“948”project of the Ministry of Agricuture of China(201002A)。
文摘The degradation of lipids was mainly responsible for the reduction of rice quality and production of stale flavor during its storage. It was proved that LOX-3, the major component of the isozymes accounting for 80% - 90% of total activity, was the key enzyme in above process. Further results indicated that the lack of LOX-3 in Daw Dam led to decrease of lipid peroxidation, alleviating the accumulation of stale flavor during storage, which is caused by hexanal, pentanal and pentanol compounds etc. Genetic survey displayed that the absence of LOX-3 was controlled by a single Mendelian recessive gene. On the other hand, three cloned LOX genes and deduced LOX genes encoding some purified LOXs could not be contributed to the embryo LOX genes by comparing biochemical characterizations of these expressed products and some purified LOXs with known LOXs in rice embryos. The future research should focus on the further influences of LOX-3-null on rice storability. Meanwhile, single-base-trans version in coding region, insertion, deletion and replacement in promoter of LOX genes were related with lipoxygenase-null genotype of soybean and pea. Therefore, the cloning of the recessive gene controlling the null of LOX-3 and its corresponding dominant gene in rice seed embryos will contribute to the understanding of the null molecular mechanism, elucidating the differences of LOX genes expression and regulation in rice embryos. In the last, the breeding strategy of new storable rice, including the theoretical and practical concepts, was surveyed.
文摘Seed storability (SS), also called seed longevity, is a valuable trait for seed banks and providing reliable crop seeds to farmers, which is usually negatively correlated to lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. In this study, the seed storability of 60 accessions of CIMMYT core wheat germplasm panel (CIMCOG) was investigated through artificial aging (AA) test, including three parameters relative germination potential (RGP), relative germination rate (RGR) and relative seedling vigor index (RVI). Significant positive relationships were observed among RGP, RGR and RVI. And the genotypes at three LOX activity related QTLs/genes <em>QLpx.caas</em>-4<em>B</em>, <em>QLpx.caas</em>-1<em>AL</em> and <em>TaLOX</em>-<em>B</em>1 were also identified with published trait-associated molecular markers. For <em>QLpx.caas</em>-4<em>B</em>, a total of five alleles were detected at the locus of <em>Xgwm</em>251, and one marker-trait association was identified for RVI. Four and two alleles were detected at the loci of <em>QLpx.caas</em>-1<em>AL</em> and <em>TaLoxB</em>1 that were significantly associated with RGP, RGR and RVI, respectively. A total of 9 haplotypes were detected at three lipoxygenase activity related gene loci, and the haplotype of three lipoxygenase loci showed a significant association with RGP, RGR and RVI. The haplotype of <em>Xgwm</em>251<sub>-125<em>bp</em> </sub>+ <em>Xwmc</em>312<sub>-247<em>bp</em></sub> + <em>TaLox</em>-<em>B</em>1<em>b</em> produced seeds with the best storability in the CIMCOG, which could benefit the breeding for wheat with good seed storability.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871860)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China(No.KFb22079XA).
文摘Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration,spoilage,and decay,which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives.Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)is an economical,safe,and environmentally friendly postharvest technology for fresh produce.The effects of SAEW at 40 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)on the storage behaviour and quality performance of Chinese olives were explored.In contrast with the control sample,SAEW-treated Chinese olives presented a lower pericarp greenness(-)-redness(+)(a^(*))value,a lower percentage of fruit weight loss,a lower fruit respiration rate,a higher percentage of healthy fruit,and higher values of pericarp lightness(L^(*)),blueness(-)-yellowness(+)(b^(*)),chroma(C),and hue angle(h°).Additionally,SAEW treatment helped delay the declines in the levels of pericarp chlorophyll,pulp sucrose,total soluble solids,titratable acid,vitamin C,and total soluble sugars,as well as reduce the increases in pericarp carotenoid and pulp-reducing sugar.These data suggest that SAEW treatment could efficaciously elevate the storage performance and quality maintenance of postharvest Chinese olives,thereby lengthening the storage life of fresh Chinese olives.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20163129)
文摘Reasons causing or accelerating seed aging are mainly damage of mem- branes, DNA and proteins, decline of protein synthesis capacity and excessive ac- cumulation of reactive oxygen species. With the application of natural aging or artifi- cial aging methods, it was reported that quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of seed stora- bility in rice were widely distributed on the chromosomes except the 10th chromo- some. In this paper, we reviewed the progresses in the research on physiological- biochemical and genetic mechanisms of seed aging, and analyzed the existing problems and developing prospect in molecular breeding of rice with improved seed storability, in order to provide reference for the basic research and genetic improve- ment of rice seed storabUity.
文摘The research, based on pol ens of Zygocactus truncates during ful-bloom period, selected suitable culture medium and temperature for pol en germination and explored the effects of storage temperatures and pol en col ection methods on pol en vitality of Zygocactus truncates and the results showed that the culture medium containing 200 g/L saccharose, 20 mg/L boric acid, and 20 mg/L calcium chloride is suitable for pol en germination of Zygocactus truncates; when the temperature kept below 20 ℃, pol en germination period last short, and germination rate kept higher;pol en germination performed better with filaments, and pol en tube grew wel .
文摘The impacts of synthetic polypropylene ground cover in the row area of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees (‘Regina’/’Gisela 6’) on soil nutrient availability, tree mineral nutrition and productivity, and economic returns were investigated on a Van Horn fine sandy loam soil at Hood River OR, from 2000 to 2007. Treatments included 2.44-m wide synthetic fabric ground cover made of black, woven poly-propylene over the row area of cherry trees (woven fabric), and no ground cover but with herbicide applications in the row area with the same width as the polypropylene ground cover (herbicide strip) – standard industry practice. This article reports the plant nutrition and soil fertility results of 2006 and 2007 and profitability and feasibility results of 2000 to 2007. Tree leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations were significantly higher with 9 to 14% increases using woven fabric compared with herbicide strip in 2006 and 2007. However, leaf sulfur (S) concentrations were significantly lowered with woven fabric in the two seasons. Woven fabric resulted in fruit with comparable quality and possible greater storability under enhanced fruit yields than herbicide strip in both years. Woven fabric was more profitable than herbicide strip based on an additional net present value of $2,606 ha-1 by the end of this study. Woven fabric had annual gross returns greater than annual costs in the fourth year after planting by $8,181 ha-1 relative to herbicide strip, and had cumulative net returns greater than total costs of all previous years in the sixth year after planting by $17,796 ha-1 over herbicide strip. However, to establish a sweet cherry orchard with woven fabric, the grower would spend an additional $4,332 ha-1 over herbicide strip. In conclusion, woven fabric is a profitable and sustainable in-row ground management alternative to herbicide strip for orchards from a long-term perspective.
基金The authors thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel(CAPES,Brazil)for granting the main author’s scholarship,the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources(IBAMA)for authorizing seed collection in the different locations(License No 34243-3),the FLONA(Sa˜o Francisco de Paula/RS)for help in seed collection of RS provenance,and to anonymous reviewers for valuable contributions.
文摘Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze is a representative species of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Brazil.The development of a germplasm conservation protocol for long-term seed bank storage is compromised for this species,as it is sensitive to desiccation.Furthermore,in situ establishment of a soil seed bank in its natural habitat may be limited.This study evaluates the storability of two provenances of A.angustifolia seeds and their behavior in an artificial soil seed bank in two forest environments(understory and edge).Results show that both seed provenances may be stored at 5C for approximately 12 months,retaining high viability.The subsequent decrease in germination was associated with a reduction and an increase in seed water content,as well as with increased electrical conductivity.In the understory environment,seed viability was above 85%for the first 60 days,and at the end of the experiment(270 days),seedlings emerged.However,at the forest edge,there was a total loss of seed viability after 120 days associated with a reduction in water content and high predation.It is concluded,therefore,that short-term storage of A.angustifolia seeds is possible in a cold room,which is fundamental to supply seed demand outside the production period.Forest cover conservation is important for regeneration and conservation of the species.
文摘The key successful for seed priming technique was the management of seed imbibition process. This study was aimed to indicate the seed moisture sorption characteristics of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Samerng 2 in relation to the seed priming technique and its effect on the seed qualities. The experiment was designed by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Seed hydro-priming technique was done under 25 degree Celsius, and 40% - 60% RH. Barley seed moisture content was determined every hour after imbibition for 24 hours. Then, primed barley seed qualities were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 hours of hydrotime. The results revealed that barley seeds were imbibed rapidly from 10.55% to 37.69% seed moisture content during 0 - 9 hours of imbibition. The constantly seed moisture content was continued until 17 hours of imbibition. Radicle was protruded with 42.74% seed moisture content. Seed moisture sorption characteristic equation was Y = 0.0055x3- 0.267x2 + 4.5931x + 13.348. Coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.916. Primed seed germination was not affected by hydrotime. Primed seeds were improved in speed of germination and seedling growth rate. The best primed barley seed vigorous was noted at 14 - 16 hours of hydrotime. In addition, catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were not significantly different for non-primed and 14 - 16 hours primed seeds. However, lipoxygenase activity (LOX) was increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased for 14 - 16 hours primed seeds. Subsequently, 14 - 16 hours primed barley seeds can maintain high seed germination and vigor for 8 - 12 months under 5 degree Celsius. Thus, it could be concluded that hydro-priming for 14 - 16 hours enhances barley seed quality by reducing germination time, induced defenses mechanism, and could be stored for 8 - 12 months.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0308500).
文摘Melamine resin(MR),traditionally synthesized using melamine and formaldehyde,is widely used in the leather industry.However,the emission of free formaldehyde poses a significant challenge for conventional MR.To address the issues of aldehyde in MR,extensive research has been conducted.This paper introduces a novel aldehydefree MR(LTSL)retanning agent synthesized using cyanuric chloride,l-lysine,and sodium sulfanilate.The chemical structure of LTSL was analyzed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The presence of amino,carboxyl,and sulfonic acid groups in LTSL enhanced its storability and imparted LTSL with an amphoteric character.The isoelectric point of LTSL was optimized to reach 4.37,and LTSL exhibited an appropriate size distribution with an average particle size of 254.17 nm and achieved high absorption rates of 87.77%and 95.84%for retanning and fatliquoring agents,respectively.Consequently,the thickness rate of LTSL reached up to 37%,with no detectable formaldehyde.Notably,LTSL also demonstrated excellent physical and mechanical properties,primarily attributed to the coordination and electrostatic interactions between the chrome-tanned collagen fiber and amino/carboxyl groups in LTSL.This research presents an innovative approach for developing an aldehyde-free MR retanning agent,significantly contributing to the sustainable development of leather manufacturing.
基金supported by the Guangdong/Hong Kong Joint Foundation of Wuyi University(No.2019WGALH11)the Foundation of Higher Education of Guangdong,China(No.2023KCXTD040)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515110510)Project of Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(No.2021KQNCX102)High-level Talent Launch Program of Wuyi University(No.2020AL018).
文摘Platelet-rich plasma(PRP)is one of the most popular biomaterials in regenerative medicine.However,the difficulties encountered in its preservation,and the requirement for on-demand preparation severely limit its application.In addition,its rapid degradation in the wound microenvironment makes the sustained release of growth factors impossible and finally reduces the therapeutic effect on chronic wounds.Here,a multifunctional dressing based on triple-layered core-shell fibers for loading and enduring preservation of PRP was developed using a one-step coaxial bioprinting technique combined with freeze-drying.The platelets were effectively dispersed and immobilized in the core layer of the fiber,leading to a sustained release of growth factors from the PRP.The rate of release can be controlled by adjusting the triple-layered core-shell structure.Simultaneously,the triple-layered core-shell structure can reduce the deactivation of PRP during freezing and storage.The experimental findings suggest that PRP exhibits sustained activity,facilitating the process of wound healing even after a storage period of 180 days.Furthermore,the protective mechanism of PRP by the triple-layered core-shell fiber was investigated,and the conditions for freeze-drying and storage were optimized,further enhancing the long-term storability of PRP.As a result,the multifunctional core-shell fiber dressings developed in this study offer a novel approach for sustained growth factor release and the enduring preservation of active PRP.
基金(Grants No. 00040486) was supported by Business for Cooperative R&D between Industry, AcademyResearch Institute funded Korea Small and Medium Business Administration in 2010
文摘Gel propulsion systems have many advantages with respect to high performance, the energy management of liquid propulsion systems, storability, high density impulse, and low leakage of liquid propellants. The atomization process provides sufficient contact surface area between the gelled fuel and oxidizer jets. It is important to study how injection characteristics of gelled propellants are related with break-up and spray distribution. The break-up and mixing processes are very important in achieving maximum efficiency and necessitate the careful study of combustion instability. Gelled propellants are non-Newtonian fluids in which the viscosity is a function of the shear rate, and they have a high dynamic shear viscosity which depends on the amount of gelling agent contents. The present study has focused on the break-up process, wave development of ligament and liquid sheets formed by impinging jets with various gelling agent contents. Especially, the break-up processes of the impinging jets at the initial conditions are studied. The break-up process of like-on-like doublet impinging jets are experimentally characterized using non-Newtonian liquids which are mixed by ionized water 98.5 wt%, Carbopol 941 0.5wt% or 1.0wt%, and NaOH(concentration 10%) 1.0wt%. For the like-on-like doublet injector, the generation of a liquid sheet at the impinging point of two jets was observed. The spray shape with elliptical pattern is distributed in a perpendicular direction to the momentum vectors of the jets. Gelled propellant simulants with high viscosity jets are more stable and produce less pronounced surface waves than low viscosity jets. Generally, the break-up length decreased due to the increasing Reynolds number. However, surface waves and atomized droplets increased. Gelled propellant simulants from like-on-like doublet impinging jets have the spray shape of closed rim patterns at low pressure. Also, the rim patterns of spray have no disturbances on the spray sheet. As the injection pressure increased, rimless patterns which were composed of ligament sheets and small droplets emerged due to the effect of the aerodynamic action. Periodic wave-like structures observed from the near impingement point and atomized droplets were observed at a location further downstream.
