The upper-middle Huai River valley(HRV) is located in the transition zone in the middle of eastern China. Previous studies have shown that the past populations in the upper HRV obtained plant food through gathering an...The upper-middle Huai River valley(HRV) is located in the transition zone in the middle of eastern China. Previous studies have shown that the past populations in the upper HRV obtained plant food through gathering and cultivation of both rice and millet during the middle Neolithic. However, for the middle HRV it is not very clear what methods were used by humans to obtain plant food in that time. In this paper, starch grain analysis was carried out on 17 stone tools and 29 cauldron pottery sherds unearthed at Shunshanji(8.5–7.0 kyr BP), which is known as the earliest Neolithic site in the middle HRV excavated so far. Here, ancient starches from Coix lacryma-jobi, Triticeae, Oryza sativa, Trichosanthes kirilowii and one unidentified specie were recovered. This study contributes to the limited knowledge of food strategies as observed in the middle HRV. It demonstrates that both gathering and cultivation of rice took place during the middle-Neolithic. Among the identified species, Coix lacryma-jobi appears to have been the main plant food at Shunshanji. Moreover, it is clear that Oryza sativa was not consumed as much as other plant species according to the occurrence frequency of different starch grains. Starch grains were also found on the used surfaces of grinding stone implements as well as pestles, which means that these stone tools were used for food processing. In addition, axes from Shunshanji may also have been used for food processing as well as wood working because starches were also found on the edge of axes. Information about subsistence strategies and tool use at Shunshanji will also be helpful to understanding the utilization of plants and agricultural development in the middle HRV during the early-middle Neolithic period.展开更多
Acupuncture,an ancient Chinese medical practice,has been a living heritage for thousands of years.It has helped countless patients,playing a significant role in the field of medicine long before modern medicine emerge...Acupuncture,an ancient Chinese medical practice,has been a living heritage for thousands of years.It has helped countless patients,playing a significant role in the field of medicine long before modern medicine emerged.The origin of acupuncture can be traced back to ancient times when people used stone tools to relieve pain.Over time,this simple method gradually developed into a profound and comprehensive medical system.Its therapeutic principles are in line with traditional Chinese medicine,focusing on holistic treatment,meridian(经脉)adjustment and the balance of bodily functions.展开更多
为进一步探索广西早期人类的生业经济模式及石器的功能与用途,本文综合运用AMS^(14)C年代学分析、植硅体分析、碳化大植物遗存浮选及石器形态功能分析等方法,系统考察了广西隆安娅怀洞遗址不同文化层中人类对植物资源的利用策略及其演...为进一步探索广西早期人类的生业经济模式及石器的功能与用途,本文综合运用AMS^(14)C年代学分析、植硅体分析、碳化大植物遗存浮选及石器形态功能分析等方法,系统考察了广西隆安娅怀洞遗址不同文化层中人类对植物资源的利用策略及其演变过程。研究结果显示,遗址的年代框架可划分为4个阶段,AMS^(14)C测年数据表明其跨度为43000~4000 BP cal。通过对石器表面残留植硅体的分析,揭示了不同阶段人类对不同类型石器(如研磨器、砍砸器、刮削器等)的功能开发及其在植物加工中的具体应用。遗址浮选出的碳化植物遗存中鉴定出野生葡萄属果实蘡薁(Vitis bryoniaefolia),这是华南地区旧石器时代晚期人类利用野生果实的直接证据。综合沉积物植硅体组合、石器微痕分析及大植物遗存的研究表明,该遗址早期人类对植物资源的利用模式存在明显的阶段性变化:在第1~2阶段(43000~21000 BP cal),人类主要依赖木本植物及禾本科植物;而到了第3阶段(17000~14000 BP cal)及第4阶段(4000 BP cal),禾本科植物及藤本植物果实(如葡萄属)在人类食谱中的占比显著提升,可能反映了环境变迁或技术革新对生业策略的影响。本研究揭示了旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期广西地区从广谱采集向特定植物资源强化利用的过渡过程,为广西地区史前人类植物利用方式提供了关键性实证数据。展开更多
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05130503)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 15YJA780003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41472148, 41502164)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 201321101)
文摘The upper-middle Huai River valley(HRV) is located in the transition zone in the middle of eastern China. Previous studies have shown that the past populations in the upper HRV obtained plant food through gathering and cultivation of both rice and millet during the middle Neolithic. However, for the middle HRV it is not very clear what methods were used by humans to obtain plant food in that time. In this paper, starch grain analysis was carried out on 17 stone tools and 29 cauldron pottery sherds unearthed at Shunshanji(8.5–7.0 kyr BP), which is known as the earliest Neolithic site in the middle HRV excavated so far. Here, ancient starches from Coix lacryma-jobi, Triticeae, Oryza sativa, Trichosanthes kirilowii and one unidentified specie were recovered. This study contributes to the limited knowledge of food strategies as observed in the middle HRV. It demonstrates that both gathering and cultivation of rice took place during the middle-Neolithic. Among the identified species, Coix lacryma-jobi appears to have been the main plant food at Shunshanji. Moreover, it is clear that Oryza sativa was not consumed as much as other plant species according to the occurrence frequency of different starch grains. Starch grains were also found on the used surfaces of grinding stone implements as well as pestles, which means that these stone tools were used for food processing. In addition, axes from Shunshanji may also have been used for food processing as well as wood working because starches were also found on the edge of axes. Information about subsistence strategies and tool use at Shunshanji will also be helpful to understanding the utilization of plants and agricultural development in the middle HRV during the early-middle Neolithic period.
文摘Acupuncture,an ancient Chinese medical practice,has been a living heritage for thousands of years.It has helped countless patients,playing a significant role in the field of medicine long before modern medicine emerged.The origin of acupuncture can be traced back to ancient times when people used stone tools to relieve pain.Over time,this simple method gradually developed into a profound and comprehensive medical system.Its therapeutic principles are in line with traditional Chinese medicine,focusing on holistic treatment,meridian(经脉)adjustment and the balance of bodily functions.
文摘为进一步探索广西早期人类的生业经济模式及石器的功能与用途,本文综合运用AMS^(14)C年代学分析、植硅体分析、碳化大植物遗存浮选及石器形态功能分析等方法,系统考察了广西隆安娅怀洞遗址不同文化层中人类对植物资源的利用策略及其演变过程。研究结果显示,遗址的年代框架可划分为4个阶段,AMS^(14)C测年数据表明其跨度为43000~4000 BP cal。通过对石器表面残留植硅体的分析,揭示了不同阶段人类对不同类型石器(如研磨器、砍砸器、刮削器等)的功能开发及其在植物加工中的具体应用。遗址浮选出的碳化植物遗存中鉴定出野生葡萄属果实蘡薁(Vitis bryoniaefolia),这是华南地区旧石器时代晚期人类利用野生果实的直接证据。综合沉积物植硅体组合、石器微痕分析及大植物遗存的研究表明,该遗址早期人类对植物资源的利用模式存在明显的阶段性变化:在第1~2阶段(43000~21000 BP cal),人类主要依赖木本植物及禾本科植物;而到了第3阶段(17000~14000 BP cal)及第4阶段(4000 BP cal),禾本科植物及藤本植物果实(如葡萄属)在人类食谱中的占比显著提升,可能反映了环境变迁或技术革新对生业策略的影响。本研究揭示了旧石器时代晚期至新石器时代早期广西地区从广谱采集向特定植物资源强化利用的过渡过程,为广西地区史前人类植物利用方式提供了关键性实证数据。
