Nootka rose (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rosa nutkana </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. Presl) and stinging nettle (</span>...Nootka rose (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rosa nutkana </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. Presl) and stinging nettle (</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urtica dioica </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria</span> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Micrococcus luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">using </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MIC) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">values and minimum bactericidal concentrations </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose when using </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for</span><b> </b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus,</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results indicated</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose showed a greater level of</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">antibacterial effectiveness than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.展开更多
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle powder(SNP) on laying performance,egg quality,and some selected serum biochemical parameters of quails.One hundred a...The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle powder(SNP) on laying performance,egg quality,and some selected serum biochemical parameters of quails.One hundred and forty-four 10-wk-old Japanese quails(initial body weight=199±18 g) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups(basic diet without SNP [SNPO],SNPO with 3% SNP [SNP3],SNPO with 6% SNP [SNP6]) with 4 replicates of 12 quails for a rearing period of 12 wk.At 22 wk of age,the final body weights of the SNP3 and SNP6 groups were significantly(P=0.001) reduced compared to that of the SNPO group.Daily feed intake was not statistically different among the groups.The mean number of eggs laid ranged from 65 to 69 with laying rates from 76.8% to 82.1%.The percentage of cracked eggs was not significantly different among the groups and ranged from 1.6% to 1.9%.The egg weight was similar and the feed conversion ratio was closer among the groups.The egg yolk cholesterol,serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in the SNP6 group were significantly reduced(P <0.001) compared to those of the SNPO group.Serum Ca,P and Mg were not significantly influenced by the supplementation.In conclusion,the results demonstrated that the supplementation of SNP to the quail diet at the level of 6%reduced quail egg yolk cholesterol,serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels and did not negatively influence quail performance.展开更多
Intensive fish farming has an excessive prevalence of infection and is typically controlled by the administration of antibiotics.Although amalgamated antibiotics are a relatively novel therapeutic idea and more effect...Intensive fish farming has an excessive prevalence of infection and is typically controlled by the administration of antibiotics.Although amalgamated antibiotics are a relatively novel therapeutic idea and more effective than traditional antibiotic monotherapy,they can also have a toxic effect on the fish body when it is administered abruptly.This study investigated the cyto-genotoxic effects on erythrocytes and histo-architectural malformations in the liver and kidneys of stinging catfish(Heteropneustes fossilis)in relation to Enrocip plus use as an amalgamated antibiotic agent.The experimental fish with an initial average weight of 17.38±1.94 g were divided into four treatment groups with antibiotic doses:according to the recommendation of the manufacturer 0.167 mg/ml Enrocip plus was used as a standard dose(x)and it was treated as T3,while 0%of the standard dose(0×mg/ml),1/2×(0.083 mg/ml),and 2×(0.333 mg/ml)were treated as T1,T2 and T4,respectively for a period of 30 days.The observed erythrocyte cellular deformities(ECD)were twin,tear-drop,serrated,tail budded and de-membranated cells,whereas the erythrocyte nuclear deformities(END)were a nuclear bridge,bi-nucleus,nuclear termination,karyopyknosis,and micronucleus at different concentrations of Enrocip plus.Both ECD and END percentages experienced the interaction of antibiotic dose and exposure time,and were significantly different(P<0.01).Significant changes in hepatocytes,mild to severe necrosis,vacuole formation,and hepatopancreas damage were also observed in the liver of the treated fish whereas highly degraded renal tubules and hematopoietic tissue,glomerular occlusion,and vacuolation were evident in the kidneys.The current investigation fully emphasizes the adverse effects of amalgamated antibiotics on the cytogenotoxicity and the histomorphology of the kidneys and liver of fish.Thus,the use of an amalgamated antibiotic in aquaculture must be carefully evaluated.展开更多
目的探讨益气活血化浊解毒方调控KAT3B/STING轴介导的小胶质细胞极化对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经功能的影响。方法复制缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型。将复制成功的60只大鼠分为缺血性脑卒中组、益气活血化浊解毒方低剂量组(低剂量组)、益气活血化...目的探讨益气活血化浊解毒方调控KAT3B/STING轴介导的小胶质细胞极化对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经功能的影响。方法复制缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型。将复制成功的60只大鼠分为缺血性脑卒中组、益气活血化浊解毒方低剂量组(低剂量组)、益气活血化浊解毒方高剂量组(高剂量组)、益气活血化浊解毒方高剂量+2,5-己酮可可碱(DMXAA)组(高剂量+DMXAA组),每组15只。另取15只正常大鼠为Sham组。低剂量组大鼠灌胃0.2 mL 27.5 g/mL的益气活血化浊解毒方药液,高剂量组大鼠灌胃0.2 mL 55.0 g/mL的益气活血化浊解毒方药液,高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠灌胃0.2 mL 55.0 g/mL的益气活血化浊解毒方药液和25 mg/kg的DMXAA,Sham组和缺血性脑卒中组给予等体积生理盐水代替药物;除高剂量+DMXAA组外,其余组大鼠再给予等体积二甲基亚砜溶液灌胃,1 d/次,连续4周。Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分评估大鼠神经功能和神经行为学;检测大鼠脑组织含水量;TTC染色法检测大鼠脑梗死面积;酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠血清LDH和NGF水平和缺血侧皮层组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平;HE染色观察大鼠缺血侧皮层组织病理变化;Western blotting检测大鼠缺血侧皮层组织iNOS、Iba1、CD68、CD40、CD206、Arg-1、Cleaved caspase-3、KAT3B、STING蛋白表达。结果缺血性脑卒中组大鼠Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死面积百分比均高于Sham组(P<0.05),低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死面积百分比均低于缺血性脑卒中组(P<0.05),高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死面积百分比均高于高剂量组(P<0.05)。缺血性脑卒中组大鼠NGF和IL-10水平低于Sham组,LDH、TNF-α和IL-6水平高于Sham组(P<0.05);低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠NGF和IL-10水平高于缺血性脑卒中组,LDH、TNF-α和IL-6水平低于缺血性脑卒中组(P<0.05);高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠NGF和IL-10水平低于高剂量组,LDH、TNF-α和IL-6高于高剂量组(P<0.05)。与缺血性脑卒中组比较,低剂量组和高剂量组缺血侧皮层神经元形态有明显改善。缺血性脑卒中组大鼠缺血侧皮层组织中iNOS、Iba1、CD68和CD40蛋白相对表达量比Sham组高,CD206和Arg-1蛋白相对表达量比Sham组低(P<0.05);低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠缺血侧皮层组织中iNOS、Iba1、CD68和CD40蛋白相对表达量比缺血性脑卒中组低,CD206和Arg-1蛋白相对表达量比缺血性脑卒中组高(P<0.05);高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠缺血侧皮层组织中iNOS、Iba1、CD68和CD40蛋白相对表达量比高剂量组高,CD206和Arg-1蛋白相对表达量比高剂量组低(P<0.05)。结论益气活血化浊解毒方可调节缺血性脑卒中大鼠小胶质细胞极化,减轻神经炎症和神经损伤,改善神经功能,可能与抑制KAT3B/STING轴有关。展开更多
The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically revie...The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
文摘Nootka rose (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rosa nutkana </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. Presl) and stinging nettle (</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urtica dioica </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin infection by Indigenous peoples of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The main objective of this study was to examine the antibacterial efficacy of extracts of Nootka </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rose and stinging nettle against the common pathogenic skin bacteria</span> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Micrococcus luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></i> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">using </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Indigenous science and standard methods of analysis. The Indigenous science method of plant extraction by steeping as advised by the Traditional Knowledge keeper</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was performed to examine minimum inhibitory concentration </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MIC) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">values and minimum bactericidal concentrations </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MBC) by serial dilution and bacterial population counts. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soxhlet extractions and Kirby Bauer disc sensitivity testing showed that Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">extracts possessed antibacterial effectiveness against all three bacterial species while stinging nettle extracts were effective against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Results for MIC and MBC indicated antibacterial activity against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">M. luteus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose when using </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">full-strength solutions;all three bacterial species exhibited growth when undiluted stinging nettle treatments were used. When considering bacterial population counts for</span><b> </b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aureus,</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> results indicated</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that only the Nootka rose treatment offered effective inhibition. Chemical analysis showed that alkaloid percentage was greater in the stinging nettle (0.17%) than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.07%), while saponin percentage was greater in the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(0.87%) than stinging nettle (0.17%). Overall, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nootka rose showed a greater level of</span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">antibacterial effectiveness than </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">stinging nettle by Indigenous and Western scientific methods of plant extract preparation.
文摘The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of stinging nettle powder(SNP) on laying performance,egg quality,and some selected serum biochemical parameters of quails.One hundred and forty-four 10-wk-old Japanese quails(initial body weight=199±18 g) were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups(basic diet without SNP [SNPO],SNPO with 3% SNP [SNP3],SNPO with 6% SNP [SNP6]) with 4 replicates of 12 quails for a rearing period of 12 wk.At 22 wk of age,the final body weights of the SNP3 and SNP6 groups were significantly(P=0.001) reduced compared to that of the SNPO group.Daily feed intake was not statistically different among the groups.The mean number of eggs laid ranged from 65 to 69 with laying rates from 76.8% to 82.1%.The percentage of cracked eggs was not significantly different among the groups and ranged from 1.6% to 1.9%.The egg weight was similar and the feed conversion ratio was closer among the groups.The egg yolk cholesterol,serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels in the SNP6 group were significantly reduced(P <0.001) compared to those of the SNPO group.Serum Ca,P and Mg were not significantly influenced by the supplementation.In conclusion,the results demonstrated that the supplementation of SNP to the quail diet at the level of 6%reduced quail egg yolk cholesterol,serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels and did not negatively influence quail performance.
文摘Intensive fish farming has an excessive prevalence of infection and is typically controlled by the administration of antibiotics.Although amalgamated antibiotics are a relatively novel therapeutic idea and more effective than traditional antibiotic monotherapy,they can also have a toxic effect on the fish body when it is administered abruptly.This study investigated the cyto-genotoxic effects on erythrocytes and histo-architectural malformations in the liver and kidneys of stinging catfish(Heteropneustes fossilis)in relation to Enrocip plus use as an amalgamated antibiotic agent.The experimental fish with an initial average weight of 17.38±1.94 g were divided into four treatment groups with antibiotic doses:according to the recommendation of the manufacturer 0.167 mg/ml Enrocip plus was used as a standard dose(x)and it was treated as T3,while 0%of the standard dose(0×mg/ml),1/2×(0.083 mg/ml),and 2×(0.333 mg/ml)were treated as T1,T2 and T4,respectively for a period of 30 days.The observed erythrocyte cellular deformities(ECD)were twin,tear-drop,serrated,tail budded and de-membranated cells,whereas the erythrocyte nuclear deformities(END)were a nuclear bridge,bi-nucleus,nuclear termination,karyopyknosis,and micronucleus at different concentrations of Enrocip plus.Both ECD and END percentages experienced the interaction of antibiotic dose and exposure time,and were significantly different(P<0.01).Significant changes in hepatocytes,mild to severe necrosis,vacuole formation,and hepatopancreas damage were also observed in the liver of the treated fish whereas highly degraded renal tubules and hematopoietic tissue,glomerular occlusion,and vacuolation were evident in the kidneys.The current investigation fully emphasizes the adverse effects of amalgamated antibiotics on the cytogenotoxicity and the histomorphology of the kidneys and liver of fish.Thus,the use of an amalgamated antibiotic in aquaculture must be carefully evaluated.
文摘目的探讨益气活血化浊解毒方调控KAT3B/STING轴介导的小胶质细胞极化对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经功能的影响。方法复制缺血性脑卒中大鼠模型。将复制成功的60只大鼠分为缺血性脑卒中组、益气活血化浊解毒方低剂量组(低剂量组)、益气活血化浊解毒方高剂量组(高剂量组)、益气活血化浊解毒方高剂量+2,5-己酮可可碱(DMXAA)组(高剂量+DMXAA组),每组15只。另取15只正常大鼠为Sham组。低剂量组大鼠灌胃0.2 mL 27.5 g/mL的益气活血化浊解毒方药液,高剂量组大鼠灌胃0.2 mL 55.0 g/mL的益气活血化浊解毒方药液,高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠灌胃0.2 mL 55.0 g/mL的益气活血化浊解毒方药液和25 mg/kg的DMXAA,Sham组和缺血性脑卒中组给予等体积生理盐水代替药物;除高剂量+DMXAA组外,其余组大鼠再给予等体积二甲基亚砜溶液灌胃,1 d/次,连续4周。Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分评估大鼠神经功能和神经行为学;检测大鼠脑组织含水量;TTC染色法检测大鼠脑梗死面积;酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠血清LDH和NGF水平和缺血侧皮层组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平;HE染色观察大鼠缺血侧皮层组织病理变化;Western blotting检测大鼠缺血侧皮层组织iNOS、Iba1、CD68、CD40、CD206、Arg-1、Cleaved caspase-3、KAT3B、STING蛋白表达。结果缺血性脑卒中组大鼠Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死面积百分比均高于Sham组(P<0.05),低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死面积百分比均低于缺血性脑卒中组(P<0.05),高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠Zea-Longa评分和网屏试验评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死面积百分比均高于高剂量组(P<0.05)。缺血性脑卒中组大鼠NGF和IL-10水平低于Sham组,LDH、TNF-α和IL-6水平高于Sham组(P<0.05);低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠NGF和IL-10水平高于缺血性脑卒中组,LDH、TNF-α和IL-6水平低于缺血性脑卒中组(P<0.05);高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠NGF和IL-10水平低于高剂量组,LDH、TNF-α和IL-6高于高剂量组(P<0.05)。与缺血性脑卒中组比较,低剂量组和高剂量组缺血侧皮层神经元形态有明显改善。缺血性脑卒中组大鼠缺血侧皮层组织中iNOS、Iba1、CD68和CD40蛋白相对表达量比Sham组高,CD206和Arg-1蛋白相对表达量比Sham组低(P<0.05);低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠缺血侧皮层组织中iNOS、Iba1、CD68和CD40蛋白相对表达量比缺血性脑卒中组低,CD206和Arg-1蛋白相对表达量比缺血性脑卒中组高(P<0.05);高剂量+DMXAA组大鼠缺血侧皮层组织中iNOS、Iba1、CD68和CD40蛋白相对表达量比高剂量组高,CD206和Arg-1蛋白相对表达量比高剂量组低(P<0.05)。结论益气活血化浊解毒方可调节缺血性脑卒中大鼠小胶质细胞极化,减轻神经炎症和神经损伤,改善神经功能,可能与抑制KAT3B/STING轴有关。
基金supported by Yuan Du Scholars,Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,No.2022WYFYLCYJ02Weifang Key Laboratory,Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project Medical Category,No.2022YX093.
文摘The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
