Brain-controlled technology is the key technology in biological control,and the corresponding relationship between animal brain nuclei and motor behavior is the core.The purpose of this study was to explore the motor ...Brain-controlled technology is the key technology in biological control,and the corresponding relationship between animal brain nuclei and motor behavior is the core.The purpose of this study was to explore the motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata in carp.The carps were subjected to electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation experiments,respectively,in the water-free state,and the effective chemical stimulation sites were injected with the pontamine sky blue solution.The brain tissue sections were obtained by paraffin tissue section technology and the neutral red staining method.By comparing the positions of the brain nuclei shown in earlier studies,the motor nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata were identified.The brain electrode was implanted into the motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata,and the underwater control experiment and behavioral tests were carried out with different electrical stimulation parameters.The results showed that the abducens nucleus(NVI)was the motor nucleus that controls the ipsilateral steering,and the facial nucleus(NVII)was the motor nucleus that controls the forward movement.By adjusting the stimulation voltage and the stimulation pulse number,the carp can be stably controlled to achieve a left–right steering motion of 30°–180°and a forward motion of more than 80 cm/s.This study indicated that the quantitative control of the steering and forward behavior of the carp can be achieved by electrical stimulation of the NVI and NVII,which provided a certain experimental basis for the accurate control of the carp robot.展开更多
Highland barley,one of the main food crops for Tibetan people,is an important food for Tibetan people for three meals a day.With the continuous improvement of the people's living standards in Tibet,the demand for ...Highland barley,one of the main food crops for Tibetan people,is an important food for Tibetan people for three meals a day.With the continuous improvement of the people's living standards in Tibet,the demand for highland barley is also increasing.As an indispensable food crop,highland barley has been developed in Tibet for thousands of years.Based on the background of modern development,in order to focus on improving the production and quality of highland barley crops in Tibet,in the following article,specific analysis will be made on each planting details,hoping to provide some reference for relevant people.展开更多
In recent years,deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs have become an important field in increasing conventional gas reserves and production in the Sichuan Basin.Due to complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,great ...In recent years,deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs have become an important field in increasing conventional gas reserves and production in the Sichuan Basin.Due to complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,great burial depth and complicate gas-water relation,however,this type of gas reservoirs faces huge challenges to realize efficient development.In this paper,the development history of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin was analyzed.Then,based on such development characteristics and practices,special technologies were summarized.Finally,the research direction for the coming years was pointed out.And the following research results were obtained.First,the reserves of the deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin vary greatly in scales and types.The reservoirs are of poor quality and strong heterogeneity with active edge and bottom water.The raw gas generally contains acidic gas.What's more,most development wells are located in mountainous areas,and drilled formations are complicated in vertical distribution.Second,special technologies have been formed in the Sichuan Basin,including the fine description technology for strong-heterogeneity gas reservoirs in deep low-gentle structures,the optimized water control technology for the water-bearing gas reservoirs with developed small-scale fractures and vugs,drilling,completion and stimulation engineering technologies for deep complex gas wells,and the support technology for clean and safe development of sulfur-bearing gas reservoirs,so as to provide support for the efficient productivity construction and optimized development of giant marine carbonate reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.Third,as the development of the carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin begins to convert into the gas reservoirs in ultra-deep complex structures,the next direction of technological research is the fine structure description and thin reservoir prediction technique,across-scale numerical simulation technique,drilling and completion and gas production engineering technique for deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs.It is concluded that these special technologies for the efficient development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs provides powerful support for PetroChina Southwest Company to build up giant gas fields with the reserves of tens of billions of cubic meters and realize the leaping growth of gas production.The research results can provide valuable technical reference for the development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs at home and abroad.展开更多
The need for spatially-confined electrical stimulation is growing in biomedical applications,for example intracorticalstimulation and retinal implant,for enhancement of stimulating resolution.Local grounding technique...The need for spatially-confined electrical stimulation is growing in biomedical applications,for example intracorticalstimulation and retinal implant,for enhancement of stimulating resolution.Local grounding techniques have beenwidely explored to suppress undesired current spread.However,in conventional microneedle arrays like the Utaharray,grounding is typically achieved by assigning neighboring electrodes as ground or employing grounding wallaround stimulating electrode,which compromises spatial efficiency.In this work,we introduce,for the first time,abipolar microneedle electrode array(BMEA)that integrates two electrically-independent electrodes within each threedimensionalmicroneedle structure.The microtip electrode,located at the apex of the microneedle,delivers electricalstimulation,while the local ground electrode,embedded on the sidewall below the microtip,serves to locally confinethe spread of current.COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and ex vivo experiments using isolated mouse retinademonstrated that activating the local ground electrode effectively restricts current diffusion,enabling more focusedand localized stimulation.This approach offers a compact and efficient solution for focal electrical stimulation withenhanced spatial resolution,providing a promising platform for advanced neural interfacing systems in variousbiomedical fields.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(project number:61573305)Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(project number:F2022203038,F2019203511)National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China(863 Plan)Project(2013AA****)Fund.
文摘Brain-controlled technology is the key technology in biological control,and the corresponding relationship between animal brain nuclei and motor behavior is the core.The purpose of this study was to explore the motor nuclei of the medulla oblongata in carp.The carps were subjected to electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation experiments,respectively,in the water-free state,and the effective chemical stimulation sites were injected with the pontamine sky blue solution.The brain tissue sections were obtained by paraffin tissue section technology and the neutral red staining method.By comparing the positions of the brain nuclei shown in earlier studies,the motor nerve nuclei in the medulla oblongata were identified.The brain electrode was implanted into the motor nucleus of the medulla oblongata,and the underwater control experiment and behavioral tests were carried out with different electrical stimulation parameters.The results showed that the abducens nucleus(NVI)was the motor nucleus that controls the ipsilateral steering,and the facial nucleus(NVII)was the motor nucleus that controls the forward movement.By adjusting the stimulation voltage and the stimulation pulse number,the carp can be stably controlled to achieve a left–right steering motion of 30°–180°and a forward motion of more than 80 cm/s.This study indicated that the quantitative control of the steering and forward behavior of the carp can be achieved by electrical stimulation of the NVI and NVII,which provided a certain experimental basis for the accurate control of the carp robot.
文摘Highland barley,one of the main food crops for Tibetan people,is an important food for Tibetan people for three meals a day.With the continuous improvement of the people's living standards in Tibet,the demand for highland barley is also increasing.As an indispensable food crop,highland barley has been developed in Tibet for thousands of years.Based on the background of modern development,in order to focus on improving the production and quality of highland barley crops in Tibet,in the following article,specific analysis will be made on each planting details,hoping to provide some reference for relevant people.
基金Project supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project“Demonstration Project of Development of Large Carbonate Gas Fields in the Sichuan Basin”(No.:2016ZX05052)Scientific Research and Technological Development Project of PetroChina Company Limited“Research and Application of Key Technologies for 30 Bcm-level Gas Production in the Southwest Oil&Gas Field”(No.:2016E-06).
文摘In recent years,deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs have become an important field in increasing conventional gas reserves and production in the Sichuan Basin.Due to complex hydrocarbon accumulation conditions,great burial depth and complicate gas-water relation,however,this type of gas reservoirs faces huge challenges to realize efficient development.In this paper,the development history of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin was analyzed.Then,based on such development characteristics and practices,special technologies were summarized.Finally,the research direction for the coming years was pointed out.And the following research results were obtained.First,the reserves of the deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin vary greatly in scales and types.The reservoirs are of poor quality and strong heterogeneity with active edge and bottom water.The raw gas generally contains acidic gas.What's more,most development wells are located in mountainous areas,and drilled formations are complicated in vertical distribution.Second,special technologies have been formed in the Sichuan Basin,including the fine description technology for strong-heterogeneity gas reservoirs in deep low-gentle structures,the optimized water control technology for the water-bearing gas reservoirs with developed small-scale fractures and vugs,drilling,completion and stimulation engineering technologies for deep complex gas wells,and the support technology for clean and safe development of sulfur-bearing gas reservoirs,so as to provide support for the efficient productivity construction and optimized development of giant marine carbonate reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.Third,as the development of the carbonate gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin begins to convert into the gas reservoirs in ultra-deep complex structures,the next direction of technological research is the fine structure description and thin reservoir prediction technique,across-scale numerical simulation technique,drilling and completion and gas production engineering technique for deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs.It is concluded that these special technologies for the efficient development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs provides powerful support for PetroChina Southwest Company to build up giant gas fields with the reserves of tens of billions of cubic meters and realize the leaping growth of gas production.The research results can provide valuable technical reference for the development of deep marine carbonate gas reservoirs at home and abroad.
基金supported in part by KIST(Korea Institute of Science and Technology)institutional grants(Nos.2E33881 and 2E33682)in part by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Nos.2023R1A2C2003786,RS-2023-00302397,RS-2025-25465381,and RS-2025-00514523).
文摘The need for spatially-confined electrical stimulation is growing in biomedical applications,for example intracorticalstimulation and retinal implant,for enhancement of stimulating resolution.Local grounding techniques have beenwidely explored to suppress undesired current spread.However,in conventional microneedle arrays like the Utaharray,grounding is typically achieved by assigning neighboring electrodes as ground or employing grounding wallaround stimulating electrode,which compromises spatial efficiency.In this work,we introduce,for the first time,abipolar microneedle electrode array(BMEA)that integrates two electrically-independent electrodes within each threedimensionalmicroneedle structure.The microtip electrode,located at the apex of the microneedle,delivers electricalstimulation,while the local ground electrode,embedded on the sidewall below the microtip,serves to locally confinethe spread of current.COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and ex vivo experiments using isolated mouse retinademonstrated that activating the local ground electrode effectively restricts current diffusion,enabling more focusedand localized stimulation.This approach offers a compact and efficient solution for focal electrical stimulation withenhanced spatial resolution,providing a promising platform for advanced neural interfacing systems in variousbiomedical fields.
