Investigations into the potential application of nanoparticles acting as nanofungicides in sustainable agriculture are rapidly expanding due to the high antimicrobial properties of these compounds,which do not risk in...Investigations into the potential application of nanoparticles acting as nanofungicides in sustainable agriculture are rapidly expanding due to the high antimicrobial properties of these compounds,which do not risk inducing pathogen resistance to fungicides.A detailed understanding of the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles(CuO NPs)on soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi is yet to be obtained.This study aimed to explore the in vitro antifungal activity and control efficacy of CuO NPs applied via irrigation with respect to tobacco black shank(TBS)disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.The results revealed that CuO NPs greatly interfered with the reproductive growth process of this fungus,repressing hyphal growth,spore germination and sporangium production.Additionally,morphological damage,intracellular ROS accumulation and increased SOD enzyme activity in hyphae were the antifungicidal mechanisms of these NPs.In pot experiments,treatment with CuO NPs at 100 mg L^(–1)significantly suppressed TBS development,compared with the effect on control plants,and the control efficacy reached 33.69%without inducing phytotoxicity.Exposure to CuO NPs significantly activated a series of defense enzymes,and resistance genes in tobacco can further explain the mechanisms by which CuO NPs suppressed fungal infection.The Cu content in both the leaves and roots of P.nicotianae-infested plants increased by 50.03 and 27.25%,respectively,after treatment with 100 mg L^(–1)CuO NPs,compared with that of healthy plants.In particular,a higher Cu content was observed in infected roots than in leaves.Therefore,this study showed the potential of CuO NPs applied as nanofungicides and as nanoinducers of fungus resistance genes for the management of TBS through inhibition of pathogen infection and stimulation of plant defenses.展开更多
Brain stimulation provides an alternative,reversible,and adjustable treatment option for patients with drugresistant epilepsy(DRE).Deep brain stimulation(DBS)and responsive neural stimulation(RNS)have been applied in ...Brain stimulation provides an alternative,reversible,and adjustable treatment option for patients with drugresistant epilepsy(DRE).Deep brain stimulation(DBS)and responsive neural stimulation(RNS)have been applied in patients in the past decade,partly filling an essential gap for patients with DRE who are ineligible or unwilling to receive irreversible surgical treatments.Another new type of brain stimulation,chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation(CSCS),also deserves attention.In the past decade,clinical data about those therapies’longterm safety and efficacy have been accumulated,and their clinical effectiveness has been further confirmed.Nonetheless,the therapeutic mechanisms of brain stimulation have been found far more complicated than the original design.The clinical effects of different stimulation targets of DBS and the indications for patient selection remain to be further demonstrated and clarified.There is a growing consensus that the efficacy of RNS is likely due to a long-term neuromodulatory effect on the epileptogenic network,rather than only arresting seizures.Triggering strategy(open-loop versus closed-loop)could not be seen as the essential difference between DBS and RNS in the neuromodulation mechanism for epilepsy.In addition to excitability inhibition and desynchronization for the epileptogenic zone,stimulation-induced modification of the connection and plasticity of the distributed network were identified.Further in-depth understanding of the modulatory mechanism will contribute to creating novel modulation systems and improving the efficacy of brain stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy.展开更多
As one of the most serious threats to human being,cancer is hard to be treated when metastasis happens.What’s worse,there are few identified targets of metastasis for drug development.Therefore,it is important to dev...As one of the most serious threats to human being,cancer is hard to be treated when metastasis happens.What’s worse,there are few identified targets of metastasis for drug development.Therefore,it is important to develop strategies to prevent metastasis or treat existed metastasis.This review focuses on the procedure of metastasis,and first summarizes the targeting delivery strategies,including primary tumor targeting drug delivery,tumor metastasis targeting drug delivery and hijacking circulation cells.Then,as a promising treatment,the application of immunotherapy in tumor metastasis treatment is introduced,and strategies that stimulating immune response are reviewed,including chemotherapy,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,ferroptosis,sonodynamic therapy,and nanovaccines.Finally,the challenges and perspective about nanoparticle-enabled tumor metastasis treatment are discussed.展开更多
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001934)the Key Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Tobacco Company,China(SCYC202114)。
文摘Investigations into the potential application of nanoparticles acting as nanofungicides in sustainable agriculture are rapidly expanding due to the high antimicrobial properties of these compounds,which do not risk inducing pathogen resistance to fungicides.A detailed understanding of the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles(CuO NPs)on soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi is yet to be obtained.This study aimed to explore the in vitro antifungal activity and control efficacy of CuO NPs applied via irrigation with respect to tobacco black shank(TBS)disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae.The results revealed that CuO NPs greatly interfered with the reproductive growth process of this fungus,repressing hyphal growth,spore germination and sporangium production.Additionally,morphological damage,intracellular ROS accumulation and increased SOD enzyme activity in hyphae were the antifungicidal mechanisms of these NPs.In pot experiments,treatment with CuO NPs at 100 mg L^(–1)significantly suppressed TBS development,compared with the effect on control plants,and the control efficacy reached 33.69%without inducing phytotoxicity.Exposure to CuO NPs significantly activated a series of defense enzymes,and resistance genes in tobacco can further explain the mechanisms by which CuO NPs suppressed fungal infection.The Cu content in both the leaves and roots of P.nicotianae-infested plants increased by 50.03 and 27.25%,respectively,after treatment with 100 mg L^(–1)CuO NPs,compared with that of healthy plants.In particular,a higher Cu content was observed in infected roots than in leaves.Therefore,this study showed the potential of CuO NPs applied as nanofungicides and as nanoinducers of fungus resistance genes for the management of TBS through inhibition of pathogen infection and stimulation of plant defenses.
基金supported by Science,Technology and Innovation(STI)2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0201605)Research and Development(R&D)Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KZ202110025036)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271494).
文摘Brain stimulation provides an alternative,reversible,and adjustable treatment option for patients with drugresistant epilepsy(DRE).Deep brain stimulation(DBS)and responsive neural stimulation(RNS)have been applied in patients in the past decade,partly filling an essential gap for patients with DRE who are ineligible or unwilling to receive irreversible surgical treatments.Another new type of brain stimulation,chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation(CSCS),also deserves attention.In the past decade,clinical data about those therapies’longterm safety and efficacy have been accumulated,and their clinical effectiveness has been further confirmed.Nonetheless,the therapeutic mechanisms of brain stimulation have been found far more complicated than the original design.The clinical effects of different stimulation targets of DBS and the indications for patient selection remain to be further demonstrated and clarified.There is a growing consensus that the efficacy of RNS is likely due to a long-term neuromodulatory effect on the epileptogenic network,rather than only arresting seizures.Triggering strategy(open-loop versus closed-loop)could not be seen as the essential difference between DBS and RNS in the neuromodulation mechanism for epilepsy.In addition to excitability inhibition and desynchronization for the epileptogenic zone,stimulation-induced modification of the connection and plasticity of the distributed network were identified.Further in-depth understanding of the modulatory mechanism will contribute to creating novel modulation systems and improving the efficacy of brain stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81961138009)111 Project(B18035,China)
文摘As one of the most serious threats to human being,cancer is hard to be treated when metastasis happens.What’s worse,there are few identified targets of metastasis for drug development.Therefore,it is important to develop strategies to prevent metastasis or treat existed metastasis.This review focuses on the procedure of metastasis,and first summarizes the targeting delivery strategies,including primary tumor targeting drug delivery,tumor metastasis targeting drug delivery and hijacking circulation cells.Then,as a promising treatment,the application of immunotherapy in tumor metastasis treatment is introduced,and strategies that stimulating immune response are reviewed,including chemotherapy,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,ferroptosis,sonodynamic therapy,and nanovaccines.Finally,the challenges and perspective about nanoparticle-enabled tumor metastasis treatment are discussed.
