The sterilizing effect of the non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet by applying it to the Bacillus subtilis spores is invesigated. A stable glow discharge in argon or helium gas fed with active gas （oxygen...The sterilizing effect of the non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet by applying it to the Bacillus subtilis spores is invesigated. A stable glow discharge in argon or helium gas fed with active gas （oxygen）, was generated in the coaxial cylindrical reactor powered by the radio-frequency power supply at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency of killing spores by making use of an Ar/O2 plasma jet was much better than with a He/O2 plasma jet. The decimal reduction value of Ar/O2 and He/O2 plasma jets under the same experimental conditions was 4.5 seconds and 125 seconds, respectively. It was found that there exists an optimum oxygen concentration for a certain input power, at which the sterilization efficiency reaches a maximum value. It is believed that the oxygen radicals are generated most efficiently under this optimum condition.展开更多
Live attenuated vaccines might elicit mucosal and sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that the existing mRNA,adenoviral vector and inactivated vaccines fail to induce.Here,we describe a candidate live attenuated v...Live attenuated vaccines might elicit mucosal and sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that the existing mRNA,adenoviral vector and inactivated vaccines fail to induce.Here,we describe a candidate live attenuated vaccine strain of SARS-CoV-2 in which the NSP16 gene,which encodes 2′-O-methyltransferase,is catalytically disrupted by a point mutation.This virus,designated d16,was severely attenuated in hamsters and transgenic mice,causing only asymptomatic and nonpathogenic infection.A single dose of d16 administered intranasally resulted in sterilizing immunity in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts of hamsters,thus preventing viral spread in a contact-based transmission model.It also robustly stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses,thus conferring full protection against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in a transgenic mouse model.The neutralizing antibodies elicited by d16 effectively cross-reacted with several SARS-CoV-2 variants.Secretory immunoglobulin A was detected in the blood and nasal wash of vaccinated mice.Our work provides proof-of-principle evidence for harnessing NSP16-deficient SARS-CoV-2 for the development of live attenuated vaccines and paves the way for further preclinical studies of d16 as a prototypic vaccine strain,to which new features might be introduced to improve safety,transmissibility,immunogenicity and efficacy.展开更多
Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytop...Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.展开更多
Bacterial contamination and marine biofouling are directly or indirectly impacting the economy,environment,and human health worldwide.Photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technology is an effective method to p...Bacterial contamination and marine biofouling are directly or indirectly impacting the economy,environment,and human health worldwide.Photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technology is an effective method to prevent microbial contamination and corrosion.Due to its eco-friendly nature,broad-spectrum bactericidal properties,and high efficiency,this method has recently received much attention.In this review,we have comprehensively discussed the photoinduced charge carriers transfer,main reactive oxygen species(ROS),the interactions among photocatalysts and microorganisms,as well as various antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress,physical/mechanical destruction,photothermal effect,piezoelectric field effect,and triboelectric field.Different types of semiconductors,including TiO_(2),ZnO,CeO_(2),Cu-based semiconductors,Bi-based semiconductors,Ag-based semiconductors,g-C_(3)N_(4),MOF,and containing phosphorus photocatalysts are summarized in photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling activity.Besides,various improvement methods including morphological control,crystallizing,doping engineering,loading cocatalyst,and constructing heterojunction are discussed.Furthermore,a strategy for dramatically improving practice applications is proposed for the possibility of further antifouling applications.Challenges and prospects for the photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling method are also discussed to highlight design considerations.展开更多
Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abno...Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).展开更多
As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a ...As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.展开更多
Male dzo from the F1 to F3 generations are sterile,which impedes the utilization of hybrid vigor in dzo and constrains the development of plateau animal husbandry in China.The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon h...Male dzo from the F1 to F3 generations are sterile,which impedes the utilization of hybrid vigor in dzo and constrains the development of plateau animal husbandry in China.The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon has long been a focal point in yak crossbreeding improvement research.This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying male sterility in dzo from histological,physiological,and multi-omics perspectives,providing research directions for further exploration of the mechanisms of male sterility in dzo.展开更多
The factors affecting the behavior of non-specialized nectar-feeding passerines have received little attention in the literature on plant-pollinator interactions. Puya chilensis (Bromeliaceae) has sterile branch apice...The factors affecting the behavior of non-specialized nectar-feeding passerines have received little attention in the literature on plant-pollinator interactions. Puya chilensis (Bromeliaceae) has sterile branch apices that project outward from the inflorescence. In this study, we evaluate the functional role of sterile apices as support systems for bird foraging behavior. We recorded bird visitation and flower probing in the presence and absence of sterile branches during the spring seasons of 2021 and 2024. The results revealed that experimental plants with excised branches received fewer bird visits and flower probings than control plants, indicating that sterile branches play an important role in the nectar-feeding behavior of passerine birds in P. chilensis.展开更多
Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments.Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)with...Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments.Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within photocatalysts,ultimately leading to the eradication of bacteria.However,the significance of the physical morphology of photocatalysts in the context of sterilization is frequently obscured,and the progress in the development of physical-chemical synergistic sterilization photocatalysts has been relatively limited.Herein,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is chemically protonated to expose more sharp edges.PL fluorescence and EIS results indicate that the protonation can accelerate photogenerated carrier separation and enhance ROS production.Meanwhile,the sharp edges on the protonated g-C_(3)N_(4)facilitate the physical disruption of cell walls for further promoting oxidative damage.Protonated C_(3)N_(4)demonstrated superior bactericidal performance than that of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4),effectively eliminating Escherichia coli within 40 minutes under irradiation.This work highlights the significance of incorporating physical and chemical synergies in photocatalyst design to enhance the disinfection efficiency of photocatalysis.展开更多
This study examined the effects of pasteurization(PAS),ultrasonic sterilization(ULS),and microwave sterilization(MWS)on the quality and storage characteristics of brine-fermented tofu(BFT)and fermented tofu(FT).Compar...This study examined the effects of pasteurization(PAS),ultrasonic sterilization(ULS),and microwave sterilization(MWS)on the quality and storage characteristics of brine-fermented tofu(BFT)and fermented tofu(FT).Comparative analysis revealed that MWS had a negligible detrimental effect on the structural integrity and organoleptic properties of BFT and FT,while effectively maintaining its water-holding capacity(WHC)and exhibiting the least impact on its texture.In contrast,PAS and ULS increased hardness and chewiness significantly(P<0.05),but ULS also enhanced the brightness of tofu.Throughout the storage period,the WHC,elasticity,and sensory properties of tofu generally decreased,whereas the hardness and chewiness increased.PAS-BFT and MWS-FT maintained sensory quality for the longest periods of 14 and 12 days respectively,and could be decomposed to more small molecule peptides within 0–8 days and 0–6 days,which are more easily to be absorbed by the body.The findings discovered that MWS is the most suitable method for sterilization of tofu,with superior capability in maintaining the quality,extending shelf life,and improving digestibility of tofu.展开更多
As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and specialization.Gametogenesis has been extensively explored in model plants,b...As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and specialization.Gametogenesis has been extensively explored in model plants,but the regulatory mechanism of gametophyte development largely remains unknown in Cucurbitaceae species.In present study,we have shown that watermelon ClBBM and ClPLT2,two AP2/ERF transcription factors,participated in both male and female gametophyte development.Clbbm and Clplt2 single mutants resembled wild-type phenotypes in both vegetative and reproductive development.But Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutant showed partial pollen abortion and bore less seeds comparing to WT.Our results indicated that the abnormal pollen grains were caused by premature tapetum degeneration,and reduced seed-set was due to faulty embryo sac development.ClBBM and ClPLT2 were expressed in FG4 embryo sacs,and their transcripts were also detectable in the tapetum and microspore of stage 9 anthers,which was consistent with developmental stages of defective phenotypes observed in double mutant.The expression of genes essential for tapetum development,ClATM1,ClAMS,ClMS1 and ClMS188,was decreased in Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutants.Moreover,the transcriptome analysis indicated that ClBBM and ClPLT2 participated in tapetum and pollen wall development by regulate cell cycle,transmembrane transport,glucan and cellulose metabolic process.Collectively,ClBBM and ClPLT2 were functionally redundant in regulating gametophyte development in watermelon,and their functions differ from their homologous genes in model plant Arabidopsis.展开更多
Commercial cultivars of garlic,a popular condiment,are sterile,making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging.Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory...Commercial cultivars of garlic,a popular condiment,are sterile,making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging.Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration.In this work,we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers.Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration.Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion.A total of 100710 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified,many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis,MYB transcription factor regulation,ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction.Taken together,these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.展开更多
Meiosis,a critical process for sexual reproduction,requires precise regulation to ensure the correct progression of meiotic stages.In yeast and animals,errors in meiotic recombination and homologous chromosomes synaps...Meiosis,a critical process for sexual reproduction,requires precise regulation to ensure the correct progression of meiotic stages.In yeast and animals,errors in meiotic recombination and homologous chromosomes synapsis bring a surveillance mechanism named pachytene checkpoint to prevent pachytene exit.However,most plant mutants with defects in meiotic prophase I continue cell cycle progression,which hindered the characterization of factors controlling the prophase I to metaphase I transition.Here,we characterized a male-sterile mutant in maize,prolonged prophase1(pp1),which exhibited pachytene and diakinesis arrest in male meiosis,and abnormal chromatin condensation.Using mapbased cloning,the PP1 gene was isolated as a PHD family transcription factor,and its transcripts of PP1 were preferentially accumulated in tapetum and male germline cells during microsporogenesis.Transcriptomic analysis of the pp1 mutant revealed downregulation of genes associated with chromatin assembly,cell cycle,and male meiosis,correlating with observed meiotic arrest and chromatin condensation defects.These findings highlight the role of PP1 in maize microsporogenesis,and providing more insights into the mechanisms regulating the meiotic progression in maize.展开更多
Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)caused by mitogenomic variation underlies CMS lines essential for hybrid crop production.However,the role of CMS in pearl millet remains unclear.To clarify the function of CMS in pearl m...Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)caused by mitogenomic variation underlies CMS lines essential for hybrid crop production.However,the role of CMS in pearl millet remains unclear.To clarify the function of CMS in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum),the mitochondrial genomes of the CMS line‘23A’(L23A)and its maintainer‘23B’(L23B)were sequenced and further assembled.With a mitochondrial genomic comparison,an rpl16(ribosomal protein L16-like protein)gene in L23A that was absent in L23B was successfully identified.An analysis of RT-PCR and qRT-PCR validated that rpl16 was specifically expressed in the inflorescences of L23A.Overexpression of the rpl16 gene in rice truly induced pollen abortion,further leading to a reduced grain number.When compared to L23B at earlier stages of millet anther development,a higher ROS level and premature tapetal degradation(PCD)in L23A were observed through a reactive oxygen species(ROS)staining and anther paraffin section.The protein interaction between RPL16 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(NDUFV1)may indicate a potential role for the rpl16 gene in disrupting anther ROS homeostasis in the CMS line,suggesting an important role of CMS in hybrid millet breeding.展开更多
Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in m...Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.展开更多
Apple replant disease(ARD)is a common soil-borne disease,and has a negative impact on the growth and yield of apple trees(Jiang et al.,2023).Due to the prevalence of pathogenic Fusarium spp.,the resulting microbial co...Apple replant disease(ARD)is a common soil-borne disease,and has a negative impact on the growth and yield of apple trees(Jiang et al.,2023).Due to the prevalence of pathogenic Fusarium spp.,the resulting microbial community shift in the rhizosphere soil has been the primary cause of ARD in major apple-producing regions along the Bohai Gulf(Wang et al.,2018).Chemical fumigation is gradually eliminated because of its environmental pollution.Therefore,it is crucial to find sustainable,eco-friendly,and effective biological measures to alleviate ARD(Wang et al.,2022).Since the discovery of antagonistic and plant growthpromoting bacteria(such as Bacillus spp.),their solid microbial fertilizers have been demonstrated to have effective biocontrol properties(Shahid et al.,2021).In view of the variety of natural antifungal compounds of Bacillus spp.(Jasim et al.,2016;Ismaila et al.,2023),there were few reports on applying sterile supernatant of Bacillus spp.to prevent ARD.展开更多
Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distanc...Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances,helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations.This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future shortγ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope,an approach not previously explored in the literature.Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within theΛCDM cosmology.We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos,reaching 3σlevel.For massive sterile neutrinos,GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints,but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.展开更多
Fruit radish‘Sheng Cui 745’,rich in anthocyanins,is a first-generation hybrid developed by crossing sterile line HSR2063A as the female parent and inbred line HSR1876 as the male parent.The plants exhibit moderate g...Fruit radish‘Sheng Cui 745’,rich in anthocyanins,is a first-generation hybrid developed by crossing sterile line HSR2063A as the female parent and inbred line HSR1876 as the male parent.The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor,with a slightly flat leaf cluster.The leaves are dark green,pinnately lobed.There are approximately 14 leaves per plant,30 cm in length.The fleshy roots are 18 cm in length and 8.5 cm in diameter,presenting a cylindrical shape with purple-red skin and flesh.The flesh is fine-textured,crisp,and slightly spicy.The fleshy roots have a anthocyanin content of 708.7 mg/L and exhibit excellent toughness.The yield of the variety can reach up to 56700 kg/hm^(2).It is suitable for open-field autumn cultivation in Shandong,Tianjin,Hebei,and other regions.展开更多
Male reproductive development is necessary for the alternation of the life cycle in angiosperms.Due to functional redundancy of genes in the allohexaploid genome of common wheat,there are only two loci of recessive nu...Male reproductive development is necessary for the alternation of the life cycle in angiosperms.Due to functional redundancy of genes in the allohexaploid genome of common wheat,there are only two loci of recessive nuclear genic male sterility(GMS)mutations reported in wheat.Here,we report a new wheat recessive GMS gene,Ta Ms6,which encodes a GDSL esterase/lipase protein(GELP).Ta Ms6 is predominantly expressed in the anther during meiosis and the unicellular microspore stage,especially in meiotic cells(MCs),dyad cells,tapetum,and middle layer.The loss of Ta Ms6 function leads to male sterility,likely due to the downregulation of some pollen development-related genes and changes in lipid composition during meiosis.The ms6 mutant and Ms6 gene can potentially be utilized for developing commercialscale hybrid wheat breeding systems.We also systematically analyzed the GELP gene family in wheat,providing a comprehensive understanding of the Ta GELP family and offering valuable references for indepth genetic studies.Additionally,we discovered the nonallelic noncomplementation of two malesterile mutants,which presents an interesting and promising research direction.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of quality nursing in the management of reusable instruments in the Central Sterile Supply Department(CSSD).Methods:Eleven nurses from the CSSD department were selected from Jan...Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of quality nursing in the management of reusable instruments in the Central Sterile Supply Department(CSSD).Methods:Eleven nurses from the CSSD department were selected from January to October 2024,and quality nursing activities were implemented in the management of reusable instruments.The completion of quality indicators was analyzed.The instrument quality management scores,department satisfaction,and nurses’professional ability scores before and after nursing management were compared.Results:After nursing intervention,the qualified rates of initial cleaning and final cleaning of sterilization instruments were 99.66%and 100%,respectively.The qualified rate of packaging was 99.97%,the wet package rate was 0.1‰,the loading qualified rate was 99.88%,and the qualified rate of distribution was 99.99%.After nursing intervention,the nurses’instrument quality management scores,department satisfaction,and nurses’professional ability scores were all higher than those before nursing intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion:Quality nursing activities can improve the cleaning,packaging,and sterilization qualified rates of reusable instruments in the CSSD,enhance the effect of instrument quality management,obtain higher department satisfaction from nurses,cultivate their professional abilities,and possess significant nursing management advantages.展开更多
文摘The sterilizing effect of the non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma jet by applying it to the Bacillus subtilis spores is invesigated. A stable glow discharge in argon or helium gas fed with active gas （oxygen）, was generated in the coaxial cylindrical reactor powered by the radio-frequency power supply at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency of killing spores by making use of an Ar/O2 plasma jet was much better than with a He/O2 plasma jet. The decimal reduction value of Ar/O2 and He/O2 plasma jets under the same experimental conditions was 4.5 seconds and 125 seconds, respectively. It was found that there exists an optimum oxygen concentration for a certain input power, at which the sterilization efficiency reaches a maximum value. It is believed that the oxygen radicals are generated most efficiently under this optimum condition.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund grants COVID190121 to JF-WC and COVID190114 to D-YJthe Hong Kong Research Grants Council grants C7142-20GF and T11-709/21-N to D-YJ.
文摘Live attenuated vaccines might elicit mucosal and sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that the existing mRNA,adenoviral vector and inactivated vaccines fail to induce.Here,we describe a candidate live attenuated vaccine strain of SARS-CoV-2 in which the NSP16 gene,which encodes 2′-O-methyltransferase,is catalytically disrupted by a point mutation.This virus,designated d16,was severely attenuated in hamsters and transgenic mice,causing only asymptomatic and nonpathogenic infection.A single dose of d16 administered intranasally resulted in sterilizing immunity in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts of hamsters,thus preventing viral spread in a contact-based transmission model.It also robustly stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses,thus conferring full protection against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in a transgenic mouse model.The neutralizing antibodies elicited by d16 effectively cross-reacted with several SARS-CoV-2 variants.Secretory immunoglobulin A was detected in the blood and nasal wash of vaccinated mice.Our work provides proof-of-principle evidence for harnessing NSP16-deficient SARS-CoV-2 for the development of live attenuated vaccines and paves the way for further preclinical studies of d16 as a prototypic vaccine strain,to which new features might be introduced to improve safety,transmissibility,immunogenicity and efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930032)。
文摘Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076044)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-DQC025)+5 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2022CXPT027)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2023VEA0007)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230769)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743529)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDBX202302014)Excellent Postdoctoral Incentive Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.QDBSH20230202117).
文摘Bacterial contamination and marine biofouling are directly or indirectly impacting the economy,environment,and human health worldwide.Photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technology is an effective method to prevent microbial contamination and corrosion.Due to its eco-friendly nature,broad-spectrum bactericidal properties,and high efficiency,this method has recently received much attention.In this review,we have comprehensively discussed the photoinduced charge carriers transfer,main reactive oxygen species(ROS),the interactions among photocatalysts and microorganisms,as well as various antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress,physical/mechanical destruction,photothermal effect,piezoelectric field effect,and triboelectric field.Different types of semiconductors,including TiO_(2),ZnO,CeO_(2),Cu-based semiconductors,Bi-based semiconductors,Ag-based semiconductors,g-C_(3)N_(4),MOF,and containing phosphorus photocatalysts are summarized in photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling activity.Besides,various improvement methods including morphological control,crystallizing,doping engineering,loading cocatalyst,and constructing heterojunction are discussed.Furthermore,a strategy for dramatically improving practice applications is proposed for the possibility of further antifouling applications.Challenges and prospects for the photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling method are also discussed to highlight design considerations.
基金supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program‘Strategic Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation’Key Special Project(Grant No.2023YFE0206900)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,the 111 project(B17043)the Project of Yazhouwan Scientific,Technological Administration of Sanya.
文摘Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).
文摘As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.
基金Supported by Sichuan Beef Cattle Innovation Team Construction Project of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(SCCXTD-2025-13)Yaan City's"Challenge Prize Mechanism for Key Technologies"Project for Creating a National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Innovation Center-Breeding of New Local Beef Cattle Groups in Yaan(kczx2023-2025-18)+1 种基金Yaan City's"Challenge Prize Mechanism for Key Technologies"Project for Creating a National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Innovation Center-Integrated Application of High-Quality Beef Cattle Development Technology System(kczx2023-2025-22)Yaan City's"Challenge Prize Mechanism for Key Technologies"Project for Creating a National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Innovation Center-Research and Integration of Key Technologies for Informatization in Yaan Beef Cattle Production(kczx2023-2025-26).
文摘Male dzo from the F1 to F3 generations are sterile,which impedes the utilization of hybrid vigor in dzo and constrains the development of plateau animal husbandry in China.The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon has long been a focal point in yak crossbreeding improvement research.This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying male sterility in dzo from histological,physiological,and multi-omics perspectives,providing research directions for further exploration of the mechanisms of male sterility in dzo.
基金supported by grants FONDECYT 1180850 and 1231757 to RM.
文摘The factors affecting the behavior of non-specialized nectar-feeding passerines have received little attention in the literature on plant-pollinator interactions. Puya chilensis (Bromeliaceae) has sterile branch apices that project outward from the inflorescence. In this study, we evaluate the functional role of sterile apices as support systems for bird foraging behavior. We recorded bird visitation and flower probing in the presence and absence of sterile branches during the spring seasons of 2021 and 2024. The results revealed that experimental plants with excised branches received fewer bird visits and flower probings than control plants, indicating that sterile branches play an important role in the nectar-feeding behavior of passerine birds in P. chilensis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2021YFC3200603)the Special Research Assistant Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments.Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within photocatalysts,ultimately leading to the eradication of bacteria.However,the significance of the physical morphology of photocatalysts in the context of sterilization is frequently obscured,and the progress in the development of physical-chemical synergistic sterilization photocatalysts has been relatively limited.Herein,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is chemically protonated to expose more sharp edges.PL fluorescence and EIS results indicate that the protonation can accelerate photogenerated carrier separation and enhance ROS production.Meanwhile,the sharp edges on the protonated g-C_(3)N_(4)facilitate the physical disruption of cell walls for further promoting oxidative damage.Protonated C_(3)N_(4)demonstrated superior bactericidal performance than that of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4),effectively eliminating Escherichia coli within 40 minutes under irradiation.This work highlights the significance of incorporating physical and chemical synergies in photocatalyst design to enhance the disinfection efficiency of photocatalysis.
基金supported by the Innovation Talents Project of Harbin Science and Technology Bureau(2022CXRCCGO11)。
文摘This study examined the effects of pasteurization(PAS),ultrasonic sterilization(ULS),and microwave sterilization(MWS)on the quality and storage characteristics of brine-fermented tofu(BFT)and fermented tofu(FT).Comparative analysis revealed that MWS had a negligible detrimental effect on the structural integrity and organoleptic properties of BFT and FT,while effectively maintaining its water-holding capacity(WHC)and exhibiting the least impact on its texture.In contrast,PAS and ULS increased hardness and chewiness significantly(P<0.05),but ULS also enhanced the brightness of tofu.Throughout the storage period,the WHC,elasticity,and sensory properties of tofu generally decreased,whereas the hardness and chewiness increased.PAS-BFT and MWS-FT maintained sensory quality for the longest periods of 14 and 12 days respectively,and could be decomposed to more small molecule peptides within 0–8 days and 0–6 days,which are more easily to be absorbed by the body.The findings discovered that MWS is the most suitable method for sterilization of tofu,with superior capability in maintaining the quality,extending shelf life,and improving digestibility of tofu.
基金supported by the National Youth Talent Program(Grant No.A279021801)Key-Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202060001)+3 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021TD-32)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2021JM-089,2022JM112 and 2022JQ-162)the Key R&D Project from Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center(Grant No.K3031322016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2452022111)。
文摘As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and specialization.Gametogenesis has been extensively explored in model plants,but the regulatory mechanism of gametophyte development largely remains unknown in Cucurbitaceae species.In present study,we have shown that watermelon ClBBM and ClPLT2,two AP2/ERF transcription factors,participated in both male and female gametophyte development.Clbbm and Clplt2 single mutants resembled wild-type phenotypes in both vegetative and reproductive development.But Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutant showed partial pollen abortion and bore less seeds comparing to WT.Our results indicated that the abnormal pollen grains were caused by premature tapetum degeneration,and reduced seed-set was due to faulty embryo sac development.ClBBM and ClPLT2 were expressed in FG4 embryo sacs,and their transcripts were also detectable in the tapetum and microspore of stage 9 anthers,which was consistent with developmental stages of defective phenotypes observed in double mutant.The expression of genes essential for tapetum development,ClATM1,ClAMS,ClMS1 and ClMS188,was decreased in Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutants.Moreover,the transcriptome analysis indicated that ClBBM and ClPLT2 participated in tapetum and pollen wall development by regulate cell cycle,transmembrane transport,glucan and cellulose metabolic process.Collectively,ClBBM and ClPLT2 were functionally redundant in regulating gametophyte development in watermelon,and their functions differ from their homologous genes in model plant Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the National Characteristic Vegetable Industry Technology System of China(Grant No.CARS24-A-07)the Jiangsu Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Fund(Grant No.JATS[2023]050)Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research Fund Project(Grant No.XM2021003)。
文摘Commercial cultivars of garlic,a popular condiment,are sterile,making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging.Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration.In this work,we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers.Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration.Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion.A total of 100710 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified,many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis,MYB transcription factor regulation,ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction.Taken together,these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003501)Biological BreedingMajor Projects(2023ZD04076)+1 种基金Funds from State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding(SKLMB2404,SKLMB2440)Anhui Natural Science Foundation(2308085QC92).
文摘Meiosis,a critical process for sexual reproduction,requires precise regulation to ensure the correct progression of meiotic stages.In yeast and animals,errors in meiotic recombination and homologous chromosomes synapsis bring a surveillance mechanism named pachytene checkpoint to prevent pachytene exit.However,most plant mutants with defects in meiotic prophase I continue cell cycle progression,which hindered the characterization of factors controlling the prophase I to metaphase I transition.Here,we characterized a male-sterile mutant in maize,prolonged prophase1(pp1),which exhibited pachytene and diakinesis arrest in male meiosis,and abnormal chromatin condensation.Using mapbased cloning,the PP1 gene was isolated as a PHD family transcription factor,and its transcripts of PP1 were preferentially accumulated in tapetum and male germline cells during microsporogenesis.Transcriptomic analysis of the pp1 mutant revealed downregulation of genes associated with chromatin assembly,cell cycle,and male meiosis,correlating with observed meiotic arrest and chromatin condensation defects.These findings highlight the role of PP1 in maize microsporogenesis,and providing more insights into the mechanisms regulating the meiotic progression in maize.
基金supported by Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent to Zhenzhen Tan (2024ZB830)the foundation of Grass Germplasm Bank from the Jiangsu Forestry Bureau in China
文摘Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)caused by mitogenomic variation underlies CMS lines essential for hybrid crop production.However,the role of CMS in pearl millet remains unclear.To clarify the function of CMS in pearl millet(Pennisetum glaucum),the mitochondrial genomes of the CMS line‘23A’(L23A)and its maintainer‘23B’(L23B)were sequenced and further assembled.With a mitochondrial genomic comparison,an rpl16(ribosomal protein L16-like protein)gene in L23A that was absent in L23B was successfully identified.An analysis of RT-PCR and qRT-PCR validated that rpl16 was specifically expressed in the inflorescences of L23A.Overexpression of the rpl16 gene in rice truly induced pollen abortion,further leading to a reduced grain number.When compared to L23B at earlier stages of millet anther development,a higher ROS level and premature tapetal degradation(PCD)in L23A were observed through a reactive oxygen species(ROS)staining and anther paraffin section.The protein interaction between RPL16 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(NDUFV1)may indicate a potential role for the rpl16 gene in disrupting anther ROS homeostasis in the CMS line,suggesting an important role of CMS in hybrid millet breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472185)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022BFE003)the Hubei Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Center program,and the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01-07).
文摘Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.
基金funded by Key R&D program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022TZXD0037)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-27)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072510)Taishan Scholar Funded Project(Grant Nos.ts20190923 and ts20240823)Key R&D program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022TZXD0037)the Fruit Innovation Team in Shandong Province of China(Grant No.SDAIT-06-07)。
文摘Apple replant disease(ARD)is a common soil-borne disease,and has a negative impact on the growth and yield of apple trees(Jiang et al.,2023).Due to the prevalence of pathogenic Fusarium spp.,the resulting microbial community shift in the rhizosphere soil has been the primary cause of ARD in major apple-producing regions along the Bohai Gulf(Wang et al.,2018).Chemical fumigation is gradually eliminated because of its environmental pollution.Therefore,it is crucial to find sustainable,eco-friendly,and effective biological measures to alleviate ARD(Wang et al.,2022).Since the discovery of antagonistic and plant growthpromoting bacteria(such as Bacillus spp.),their solid microbial fertilizers have been demonstrated to have effective biocontrol properties(Shahid et al.,2021).In view of the variety of natural antifungal compounds of Bacillus spp.(Jasim et al.,2016;Ismaila et al.,2023),there were few reports on applying sterile supernatant of Bacillus spp.to prevent ARD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12305069,11947022,12473001,11975072,11875102,and 11835009the National SKA Program of China under Grants Nos.2022SKA0110200 and 2022SKA0110203+1 种基金the Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province under Grant No.JYTMS20231695the National 111 Project under Grant No.B16009。
文摘Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances,helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations.This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future shortγ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope,an approach not previously explored in the literature.Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within theΛCDM cosmology.We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos,reaching 3σlevel.For massive sterile neutrinos,GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints,but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.
基金Supported by Taishan Industry Leading Talent Program in Shandong Province(tscx202306156)Weifang Science and Technology Development Program(2024GX073).
文摘Fruit radish‘Sheng Cui 745’,rich in anthocyanins,is a first-generation hybrid developed by crossing sterile line HSR2063A as the female parent and inbred line HSR1876 as the male parent.The plants exhibit moderate growth vigor,with a slightly flat leaf cluster.The leaves are dark green,pinnately lobed.There are approximately 14 leaves per plant,30 cm in length.The fleshy roots are 18 cm in length and 8.5 cm in diameter,presenting a cylindrical shape with purple-red skin and flesh.The flesh is fine-textured,crisp,and slightly spicy.The fleshy roots have a anthocyanin content of 708.7 mg/L and exhibit excellent toughness.The yield of the variety can reach up to 56700 kg/hm^(2).It is suitable for open-field autumn cultivation in Shandong,Tianjin,Hebei,and other regions.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022ZD22,ZR2021ZD30,SYS202206)Shandong Agricultural University Dezhou(Qihe)Wheat Research Institute。
文摘Male reproductive development is necessary for the alternation of the life cycle in angiosperms.Due to functional redundancy of genes in the allohexaploid genome of common wheat,there are only two loci of recessive nuclear genic male sterility(GMS)mutations reported in wheat.Here,we report a new wheat recessive GMS gene,Ta Ms6,which encodes a GDSL esterase/lipase protein(GELP).Ta Ms6 is predominantly expressed in the anther during meiosis and the unicellular microspore stage,especially in meiotic cells(MCs),dyad cells,tapetum,and middle layer.The loss of Ta Ms6 function leads to male sterility,likely due to the downregulation of some pollen development-related genes and changes in lipid composition during meiosis.The ms6 mutant and Ms6 gene can potentially be utilized for developing commercialscale hybrid wheat breeding systems.We also systematically analyzed the GELP gene family in wheat,providing a comprehensive understanding of the Ta GELP family and offering valuable references for indepth genetic studies.Additionally,we discovered the nonallelic noncomplementation of two malesterile mutants,which presents an interesting and promising research direction.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of quality nursing in the management of reusable instruments in the Central Sterile Supply Department(CSSD).Methods:Eleven nurses from the CSSD department were selected from January to October 2024,and quality nursing activities were implemented in the management of reusable instruments.The completion of quality indicators was analyzed.The instrument quality management scores,department satisfaction,and nurses’professional ability scores before and after nursing management were compared.Results:After nursing intervention,the qualified rates of initial cleaning and final cleaning of sterilization instruments were 99.66%and 100%,respectively.The qualified rate of packaging was 99.97%,the wet package rate was 0.1‰,the loading qualified rate was 99.88%,and the qualified rate of distribution was 99.99%.After nursing intervention,the nurses’instrument quality management scores,department satisfaction,and nurses’professional ability scores were all higher than those before nursing intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion:Quality nursing activities can improve the cleaning,packaging,and sterilization qualified rates of reusable instruments in the CSSD,enhance the effect of instrument quality management,obtain higher department satisfaction from nurses,cultivate their professional abilities,and possess significant nursing management advantages.
