Objective To investigate the androgen receptor （AR） mRNA expression in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary of androgen sterilized rats （ASR）.Methods ASR model was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone...Objective To investigate the androgen receptor （AR） mRNA expression in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary of androgen sterilized rats （ASR）.Methods ASR model was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate to SD female rats at the age of 9 days. Around the age of 106 days （proestrus）, all rats were killed, serum Δ4-andronestedione （Δ 4-A）, total testosterone （TT）, free testosterone （FT）, insulin （Ins） and C-peptide （C-P） were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. Total RNA in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary were extracted and the amount of AR mRNA was quantitatedly analyzed by RT-PCR with single base mutant template as inner standard. Results Serum concentrations of Δ4-A, TT, FT, Ins and C-P in ASR model rats were significantly higher than those in control group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The expression of AR mRNA in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary increased significantly （P〈0. 05, P〈0.01） of model rats as compared with control group. Conclusion The elevated serum androgen levels in ASR model could enhance the expression of AR mRNA levels in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary, which further induce hyperinsulinemia and anovulation.展开更多
The effects of digested sludge on the ultrastructure of gills of Sarotherodon mossambicus were investigated.Samples of digested sludge were collected from the Shatin Sewage Treatment Plant in Hong Kong and.they were (...The effects of digested sludge on the ultrastructure of gills of Sarotherodon mossambicus were investigated.Samples of digested sludge were collected from the Shatin Sewage Treatment Plant in Hong Kong and.they were (1)sun-dried(NS)or(2)sterilized in an autoclave(SS).They were then used as supplementary fish feed to cultivate the freshwater tilapia,S.mossambicus,for 50 days under laboratory conditions.The SS at low dosage(25%)had the lowest toxicity among different treatments.A swelling of lamellar epithelium,the enlargement of the subepitlaelial space,the collapse of capillaries,and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the lamellae offish gills were common to fish fed 50 to 100% NS and SS.The thickening of the basal lamina in the gill lamellae is a common feature found in the sludge-treated fish.1989 Academic Press.Inc.展开更多
The in-depth integration of healthy China with national fitness and the hope to achieve the long-term goal of “leading Sports Nation” by 2035, can’t be realized without gyms where people do physical exercise. The i...The in-depth integration of healthy China with national fitness and the hope to achieve the long-term goal of “leading Sports Nation” by 2035, can’t be realized without gyms where people do physical exercise. The international academic community recognizes that the 21<sup>st</sup> century is the golden time for sustainable and quality development. Taking a national perspective, authors of this paper studied the feasibility of building underground gyms in China through the approach of interdisciplinary research, as well as its dilemmas and pathways, and found out that quality development of underground space can effectively address challenges for large cities in China by increasing the resilience of urban area, and give full engage to underground capacity in striving for the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Underground gyms can also be incorporated into resident’s 15-min fitness circle, satisfying people’s needs of doing exercise at any time and in an easily-accessible place. However, China’s underground area development has been hindered by unclear property rights, chaotic action and utilization, and relatively backward laws and regulations. Moreover, building underground gyms still has to solve many problems such as poor air quality, severe sweat smell, and excessive bacteria and viruses. It is suggested that the capable authorities shall first clarify laws and regulations over place compound utilization, property rights and fire protection to facilitate the process of building underground gyms;encourage fitness practitioners to explore underground areas as gyms, and transfer their ground business to underground;then produce an intelligent and systematic solution of air quality improvement featuring oxygen-enrichment and “sterilization” with integration, a variety of instruments to monitor air quality of indoor gyms in real-time, to realize automatic control and management, and truly create worry-free and oxygen-enriched underground gyms with no sweat smell and no fear of bacteria and viruses.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of tonifying Kidney herbs (TKH) on pituitary gland, ovary, and adrenal gland of androgen sterilized rats (ASR).Methods: ASR model was established by injecting testosterone propionate s...Objective: To observe the effect of tonifying Kidney herbs (TKH) on pituitary gland, ovary, and adrenal gland of androgen sterilized rats (ASR).Methods: ASR model was established by injecting testosterone propionate subcutaneously to Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats of 9 days age. Morphological and endocrinological change of pituitary gland, ovary and adrenal gland in rats of 100–107 days old before and after feeding TKH extract were observed by light and electron microscope, cell cultures, immunohistochemical studies, and radioimmunoassay.Results: In the ASR groups, there were intracytoplasmic lipid drops, crinophagy, vacuole, and autophagy in pituitary gland, anovulation in ovary, and hyperplasia of reticular zone in adrenal gland. At the same time, serum follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased (P < 0.05-0.005) and serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels increased significantly (P < 0.01-0.001). These morphologiacl and endocrinological changes were all returned to normal range after the TKH treatment.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the effects and mechanism of radiation-sterilized allogeneic bone sheets in inducing vertebral plate regeneration after laminectomy in sheep. Methods ： Twelve adult male sheep （ aged 1.5 yea...Objective： To evaluate the effects and mechanism of radiation-sterilized allogeneic bone sheets in inducing vertebral plate regeneration after laminectomy in sheep. Methods ： Twelve adult male sheep （ aged 1.5 years and weighing 27 kg on average ） provided by China Institute for Radiation Protection underwent L3-4 and L4-5 laminectomy. Then they were randomly divided into two groups： Group A （n =6） and Group B （n =6）. The operated sites of L4-5 in Group A and L3-4 in Group B were covered by ＂ H-shaped＂ freeze-drying and radiationsterilized allogeneic bone sheets （ the experimental segments）, while the operated sites of L3-4 in Group A and L4-5 in Group B were uncovered as the self controls （ the control segments ）. The regeneration process of the vertebral plate and the adhesion degree of the dura were observed at 4,8,12,16,20 and 24 weeks after operation. X- ray and CT scan were performed in both segments of 1.34 and L4-5 at 4 and 24 weeks after operation. Results： In the experimental segments, the bone sheets were located in the anatomical site of vertebral plate, and no lumbar spinal stenosis or compression of the dura was observed. The bone sheets were absorbed gradually and fused well with the regenerated vertebral plate. While in the control segments, the regeneration of vertebral plate was not completed yet, the scar was inserted into the spinal canal, compressing the dura and the spinal cord, and the epidural area almost disappeared. Compared with the control segments, the dura adhesion degree in the experimental regenerated segments was much milder （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, the internal volume of the vertebral canal had no obvious change and the shape of the dura sack remained well without obvious compression. Conclusions： Freeze-drying and radiation-sterlilized allogeneic bone sheets are ideal materials for extradural laminoplasty due to their good biocompatibility, biomechanical characteristics and osteogenic ability. They can effectively reduce formation of post-laminectomy scars, prevent recurrence of post-lamlnectomy spinal stenosis, and induce regeneration of vertebral plates.展开更多
Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytop...Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.展开更多
Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in m...Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.展开更多
Bacterial contamination and marine biofouling are directly or indirectly impacting the economy,environment,and human health worldwide.Photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technology is an effective method to p...Bacterial contamination and marine biofouling are directly or indirectly impacting the economy,environment,and human health worldwide.Photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technology is an effective method to prevent microbial contamination and corrosion.Due to its eco-friendly nature,broad-spectrum bactericidal properties,and high efficiency,this method has recently received much attention.In this review,we have comprehensively discussed the photoinduced charge carriers transfer,main reactive oxygen species(ROS),the interactions among photocatalysts and microorganisms,as well as various antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress,physical/mechanical destruction,photothermal effect,piezoelectric field effect,and triboelectric field.Different types of semiconductors,including TiO_(2),ZnO,CeO_(2),Cu-based semiconductors,Bi-based semiconductors,Ag-based semiconductors,g-C_(3)N_(4),MOF,and containing phosphorus photocatalysts are summarized in photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling activity.Besides,various improvement methods including morphological control,crystallizing,doping engineering,loading cocatalyst,and constructing heterojunction are discussed.Furthermore,a strategy for dramatically improving practice applications is proposed for the possibility of further antifouling applications.Challenges and prospects for the photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling method are also discussed to highlight design considerations.展开更多
High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-d...High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.展开更多
The strategic design and synthesis of photothermal/photocatalytic materials are pivotal to realizing photothermal conversion water evaporation coupled with photocatalytic sewage purification functions.In this work,bas...The strategic design and synthesis of photothermal/photocatalytic materials are pivotal to realizing photothermal conversion water evaporation coupled with photocatalytic sewage purification functions.In this work,based on the principle of three primary colors,brick-red g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite was loaded onto a green polyurethane(PU)sponge using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as the linking agent.The resultant PU/PVA/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite exhibits outstanding performance in simultaneous photothermal/photocatalytic water evaporation,pollutant degradation,sterilization,and thermoelectric generation.Under 1.0 kW m^(-2)irradiation,the water evaporation rate reaches 3.19 kg m^(-2)h-1,while a single thermoelectric module generates a maximum thermoelectric output power of 0.25 W m^(-2).Concurrently,rhodamine B(RhB)at a concentration of 4.0×10^(-4)mol L^(-1)undergoes complete photocatalytic degradation within 40 min.When the light intensity is 2.0 kW m^(-2),the evaporation rate soars to 8.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),and the thermoelectric power output increases to 1.1 W m^(-2).Furthermore,this photothermal/photocatalytic material based on the principle of three primary colors has excellent photothermal/photocatalytic antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.By abandoning black light-absorbing materials,more active sites of the photocatalyst can be exposed.The g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)heterojunction accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers,while the hydrophilic groups in the photothermal/photocatalytic materials reduce the water evaporation enthalpy.This research provides a novel approach for fabricating multi-function photothermal/photocatalytic materials,which could quicken the development of solution to freshwater and electricity energy shortages as well as environmental pollution issues.展开更多
Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abno...Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).展开更多
As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a ...As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.展开更多
Male dzo from the F1 to F3 generations are sterile,which impedes the utilization of hybrid vigor in dzo and constrains the development of plateau animal husbandry in China.The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon h...Male dzo from the F1 to F3 generations are sterile,which impedes the utilization of hybrid vigor in dzo and constrains the development of plateau animal husbandry in China.The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon has long been a focal point in yak crossbreeding improvement research.This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying male sterility in dzo from histological,physiological,and multi-omics perspectives,providing research directions for further exploration of the mechanisms of male sterility in dzo.展开更多
The factors affecting the behavior of non-specialized nectar-feeding passerines have received little attention in the literature on plant-pollinator interactions. Puya chilensis (Bromeliaceae) has sterile branch apice...The factors affecting the behavior of non-specialized nectar-feeding passerines have received little attention in the literature on plant-pollinator interactions. Puya chilensis (Bromeliaceae) has sterile branch apices that project outward from the inflorescence. In this study, we evaluate the functional role of sterile apices as support systems for bird foraging behavior. We recorded bird visitation and flower probing in the presence and absence of sterile branches during the spring seasons of 2021 and 2024. The results revealed that experimental plants with excised branches received fewer bird visits and flower probings than control plants, indicating that sterile branches play an important role in the nectar-feeding behavior of passerine birds in P. chilensis.展开更多
Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments.Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)with...Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments.Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within photocatalysts,ultimately leading to the eradication of bacteria.However,the significance of the physical morphology of photocatalysts in the context of sterilization is frequently obscured,and the progress in the development of physical-chemical synergistic sterilization photocatalysts has been relatively limited.Herein,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is chemically protonated to expose more sharp edges.PL fluorescence and EIS results indicate that the protonation can accelerate photogenerated carrier separation and enhance ROS production.Meanwhile,the sharp edges on the protonated g-C_(3)N_(4)facilitate the physical disruption of cell walls for further promoting oxidative damage.Protonated C_(3)N_(4)demonstrated superior bactericidal performance than that of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4),effectively eliminating Escherichia coli within 40 minutes under irradiation.This work highlights the significance of incorporating physical and chemical synergies in photocatalyst design to enhance the disinfection efficiency of photocatalysis.展开更多
This study examined the effects of pasteurization(PAS),ultrasonic sterilization(ULS),and microwave sterilization(MWS)on the quality and storage characteristics of brine-fermented tofu(BFT)and fermented tofu(FT).Compar...This study examined the effects of pasteurization(PAS),ultrasonic sterilization(ULS),and microwave sterilization(MWS)on the quality and storage characteristics of brine-fermented tofu(BFT)and fermented tofu(FT).Comparative analysis revealed that MWS had a negligible detrimental effect on the structural integrity and organoleptic properties of BFT and FT,while effectively maintaining its water-holding capacity(WHC)and exhibiting the least impact on its texture.In contrast,PAS and ULS increased hardness and chewiness significantly(P<0.05),but ULS also enhanced the brightness of tofu.Throughout the storage period,the WHC,elasticity,and sensory properties of tofu generally decreased,whereas the hardness and chewiness increased.PAS-BFT and MWS-FT maintained sensory quality for the longest periods of 14 and 12 days respectively,and could be decomposed to more small molecule peptides within 0–8 days and 0–6 days,which are more easily to be absorbed by the body.The findings discovered that MWS is the most suitable method for sterilization of tofu,with superior capability in maintaining the quality,extending shelf life,and improving digestibility of tofu.展开更多
As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and specialization.Gametogenesis has been extensively explored in model plants,b...As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and specialization.Gametogenesis has been extensively explored in model plants,but the regulatory mechanism of gametophyte development largely remains unknown in Cucurbitaceae species.In present study,we have shown that watermelon ClBBM and ClPLT2,two AP2/ERF transcription factors,participated in both male and female gametophyte development.Clbbm and Clplt2 single mutants resembled wild-type phenotypes in both vegetative and reproductive development.But Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutant showed partial pollen abortion and bore less seeds comparing to WT.Our results indicated that the abnormal pollen grains were caused by premature tapetum degeneration,and reduced seed-set was due to faulty embryo sac development.ClBBM and ClPLT2 were expressed in FG4 embryo sacs,and their transcripts were also detectable in the tapetum and microspore of stage 9 anthers,which was consistent with developmental stages of defective phenotypes observed in double mutant.The expression of genes essential for tapetum development,ClATM1,ClAMS,ClMS1 and ClMS188,was decreased in Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutants.Moreover,the transcriptome analysis indicated that ClBBM and ClPLT2 participated in tapetum and pollen wall development by regulate cell cycle,transmembrane transport,glucan and cellulose metabolic process.Collectively,ClBBM and ClPLT2 were functionally redundant in regulating gametophyte development in watermelon,and their functions differ from their homologous genes in model plant Arabidopsis.展开更多
Commercial cultivars of garlic,a popular condiment,are sterile,making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging.Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory...Commercial cultivars of garlic,a popular condiment,are sterile,making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging.Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration.In this work,we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers.Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration.Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion.A total of 100710 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified,many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis,MYB transcription factor regulation,ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction.Taken together,these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.展开更多
Meiosis,a critical process for sexual reproduction,requires precise regulation to ensure the correct progression of meiotic stages.In yeast and animals,errors in meiotic recombination and homologous chromosomes synaps...Meiosis,a critical process for sexual reproduction,requires precise regulation to ensure the correct progression of meiotic stages.In yeast and animals,errors in meiotic recombination and homologous chromosomes synapsis bring a surveillance mechanism named pachytene checkpoint to prevent pachytene exit.However,most plant mutants with defects in meiotic prophase I continue cell cycle progression,which hindered the characterization of factors controlling the prophase I to metaphase I transition.Here,we characterized a male-sterile mutant in maize,prolonged prophase1(pp1),which exhibited pachytene and diakinesis arrest in male meiosis,and abnormal chromatin condensation.Using mapbased cloning,the PP1 gene was isolated as a PHD family transcription factor,and its transcripts of PP1 were preferentially accumulated in tapetum and male germline cells during microsporogenesis.Transcriptomic analysis of the pp1 mutant revealed downregulation of genes associated with chromatin assembly,cell cycle,and male meiosis,correlating with observed meiotic arrest and chromatin condensation defects.These findings highlight the role of PP1 in maize microsporogenesis,and providing more insights into the mechanisms regulating the meiotic progression in maize.展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the androgen receptor （AR） mRNA expression in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary of androgen sterilized rats （ASR）.Methods ASR model was established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate to SD female rats at the age of 9 days. Around the age of 106 days （proestrus）, all rats were killed, serum Δ4-andronestedione （Δ 4-A）, total testosterone （TT）, free testosterone （FT）, insulin （Ins） and C-peptide （C-P） were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. Total RNA in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary were extracted and the amount of AR mRNA was quantitatedly analyzed by RT-PCR with single base mutant template as inner standard. Results Serum concentrations of Δ4-A, TT, FT, Ins and C-P in ASR model rats were significantly higher than those in control group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The expression of AR mRNA in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary increased significantly （P〈0. 05, P〈0.01） of model rats as compared with control group. Conclusion The elevated serum androgen levels in ASR model could enhance the expression of AR mRNA levels in pancreas, hypothalamus and ovary, which further induce hyperinsulinemia and anovulation.
文摘The effects of digested sludge on the ultrastructure of gills of Sarotherodon mossambicus were investigated.Samples of digested sludge were collected from the Shatin Sewage Treatment Plant in Hong Kong and.they were (1)sun-dried(NS)or(2)sterilized in an autoclave(SS).They were then used as supplementary fish feed to cultivate the freshwater tilapia,S.mossambicus,for 50 days under laboratory conditions.The SS at low dosage(25%)had the lowest toxicity among different treatments.A swelling of lamellar epithelium,the enlargement of the subepitlaelial space,the collapse of capillaries,and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the lamellae offish gills were common to fish fed 50 to 100% NS and SS.The thickening of the basal lamina in the gill lamellae is a common feature found in the sludge-treated fish.1989 Academic Press.Inc.
文摘The in-depth integration of healthy China with national fitness and the hope to achieve the long-term goal of “leading Sports Nation” by 2035, can’t be realized without gyms where people do physical exercise. The international academic community recognizes that the 21<sup>st</sup> century is the golden time for sustainable and quality development. Taking a national perspective, authors of this paper studied the feasibility of building underground gyms in China through the approach of interdisciplinary research, as well as its dilemmas and pathways, and found out that quality development of underground space can effectively address challenges for large cities in China by increasing the resilience of urban area, and give full engage to underground capacity in striving for the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Underground gyms can also be incorporated into resident’s 15-min fitness circle, satisfying people’s needs of doing exercise at any time and in an easily-accessible place. However, China’s underground area development has been hindered by unclear property rights, chaotic action and utilization, and relatively backward laws and regulations. Moreover, building underground gyms still has to solve many problems such as poor air quality, severe sweat smell, and excessive bacteria and viruses. It is suggested that the capable authorities shall first clarify laws and regulations over place compound utilization, property rights and fire protection to facilitate the process of building underground gyms;encourage fitness practitioners to explore underground areas as gyms, and transfer their ground business to underground;then produce an intelligent and systematic solution of air quality improvement featuring oxygen-enrichment and “sterilization” with integration, a variety of instruments to monitor air quality of indoor gyms in real-time, to realize automatic control and management, and truly create worry-free and oxygen-enriched underground gyms with no sweat smell and no fear of bacteria and viruses.
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of tonifying Kidney herbs (TKH) on pituitary gland, ovary, and adrenal gland of androgen sterilized rats (ASR).Methods: ASR model was established by injecting testosterone propionate subcutaneously to Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats of 9 days age. Morphological and endocrinological change of pituitary gland, ovary and adrenal gland in rats of 100–107 days old before and after feeding TKH extract were observed by light and electron microscope, cell cultures, immunohistochemical studies, and radioimmunoassay.Results: In the ASR groups, there were intracytoplasmic lipid drops, crinophagy, vacuole, and autophagy in pituitary gland, anovulation in ovary, and hyperplasia of reticular zone in adrenal gland. At the same time, serum follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone decreased (P < 0.05-0.005) and serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels increased significantly (P < 0.01-0.001). These morphologiacl and endocrinological changes were all returned to normal range after the TKH treatment.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 30170945）.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the effects and mechanism of radiation-sterilized allogeneic bone sheets in inducing vertebral plate regeneration after laminectomy in sheep. Methods ： Twelve adult male sheep （ aged 1.5 years and weighing 27 kg on average ） provided by China Institute for Radiation Protection underwent L3-4 and L4-5 laminectomy. Then they were randomly divided into two groups： Group A （n =6） and Group B （n =6）. The operated sites of L4-5 in Group A and L3-4 in Group B were covered by ＂ H-shaped＂ freeze-drying and radiationsterilized allogeneic bone sheets （ the experimental segments）, while the operated sites of L3-4 in Group A and L4-5 in Group B were uncovered as the self controls （ the control segments ）. The regeneration process of the vertebral plate and the adhesion degree of the dura were observed at 4,8,12,16,20 and 24 weeks after operation. X- ray and CT scan were performed in both segments of 1.34 and L4-5 at 4 and 24 weeks after operation. Results： In the experimental segments, the bone sheets were located in the anatomical site of vertebral plate, and no lumbar spinal stenosis or compression of the dura was observed. The bone sheets were absorbed gradually and fused well with the regenerated vertebral plate. While in the control segments, the regeneration of vertebral plate was not completed yet, the scar was inserted into the spinal canal, compressing the dura and the spinal cord, and the epidural area almost disappeared. Compared with the control segments, the dura adhesion degree in the experimental regenerated segments was much milder （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, the internal volume of the vertebral canal had no obvious change and the shape of the dura sack remained well without obvious compression. Conclusions： Freeze-drying and radiation-sterlilized allogeneic bone sheets are ideal materials for extradural laminoplasty due to their good biocompatibility, biomechanical characteristics and osteogenic ability. They can effectively reduce formation of post-laminectomy scars, prevent recurrence of post-lamlnectomy spinal stenosis, and induce regeneration of vertebral plates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930032)。
文摘Mutations and rearrangements of mitochondrial genes cause plant cytoplasmic male sterility. It is a significant way to utilize hybrid vigor to enhance crop yield. Ogu cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) is a natural cytoplasmic male sterility type discovered in radishes, being successfully transferred to rapeseed and cruciferous vegetables. However, current studies lack depth in exploring the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. This study confirmed that orf138 is the causal gene for Ogu CMS through the genetic transformation in Arabidopsis. Transcriptome analysis of aborted anthers in different stages suggested that differentially expressed genes(DEGs) are mainly enriched in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. It reveals that key genes involved in lipid metabolism pathways are significantly down-regulated in the sterile line(OguA), including BnaGPAT1, localized within the tapetum mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum. This could lead to changes in the metabolism of substances like acylglycerols within the tapetum, causing disruptions in lipid metabolism. This is consistent with morphological and subcellular structural changes in the tapetum and microspore cells, as observed in the transmission electron microscopy. This abnormal lipid metabolism may trigger specific reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation in an oxidative stress response, ultimately leading to an aborted microspore. Our study based on transcriptome has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Ogu CMS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472185)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022BFE003)the Hubei Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Center program,and the National Rice Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-01-07).
文摘Honglian type-cytoplasmic male sterility(HL-CMS)is caused by the inter-communication between the nucleus and mitochondria.However,the mechanisms by which sterility genes regulate metabolic alterations and changes in mitochondrial morphology in the pollen of HL-CMS remain unclear.In this study,we compared the morphological differences between the pollen of the male sterile line YA and the near-isogenic line NIL-Rf6 using hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)staining.HL-CMS is characterized by gametophytic sterility,where the aborted pollen grains are empty,and the tapetal layer remains intact.Transmission electron microscopy was employed to observe mitochondrial morphological changes at the microspore stage,revealing significant mitochondrial alterations,characterized by the formation of'large spherical mitochondria',occurred at the binucleate stage in the YA line.Additionally,metabolomics analysis revealed decreased levels of metabolites associated with the carbohydrate and flavonoid pathways.Notably,the decrease in flavonoids was found to contribute to an elevation in reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Therefore,we propose a model in which rice fertility is modulated by the levels of pollen carbohydrates and flavonoid metabolites,with impaired mitochondrial energy production and reduced flavonoid biosynthesis as the main causes of ROS accumulation and pollen abortion in rice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076044)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-DQC025)+5 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2022CXPT027)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2023VEA0007)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230769)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743529)the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDBX202302014)Excellent Postdoctoral Incentive Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.QDBSH20230202117).
文摘Bacterial contamination and marine biofouling are directly or indirectly impacting the economy,environment,and human health worldwide.Photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling technology is an effective method to prevent microbial contamination and corrosion.Due to its eco-friendly nature,broad-spectrum bactericidal properties,and high efficiency,this method has recently received much attention.In this review,we have comprehensively discussed the photoinduced charge carriers transfer,main reactive oxygen species(ROS),the interactions among photocatalysts and microorganisms,as well as various antibacterial mechanisms such as oxidative stress,physical/mechanical destruction,photothermal effect,piezoelectric field effect,and triboelectric field.Different types of semiconductors,including TiO_(2),ZnO,CeO_(2),Cu-based semiconductors,Bi-based semiconductors,Ag-based semiconductors,g-C_(3)N_(4),MOF,and containing phosphorus photocatalysts are summarized in photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling activity.Besides,various improvement methods including morphological control,crystallizing,doping engineering,loading cocatalyst,and constructing heterojunction are discussed.Furthermore,a strategy for dramatically improving practice applications is proposed for the possibility of further antifouling applications.Challenges and prospects for the photocatalytic sterilization and antifouling method are also discussed to highlight design considerations.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0612601)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02038)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2022Z178)China Construction Technology Research and Development Project(No.CSCEC-2021-Z-5)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23B010003)
文摘High-concentration single-atom doping remains a formidable challenge due to the propensity for single atoms to form clusters or aggregate at elevated concentrations.Herein,high-concentration (10.8 wt%) Zn singleatom-doped porous tubular g-C_(3)N_(4)(ZCN) was successfully obtained via a template-free,one-step calcination method,exhibiting excellent photocatalytic performance.The confinement of the pore walls suppresses the Zn atom'smigration and aggregation,enhancing the Zn single-atom stability.ZCN exhibited excellent photodegradation performance against tetracycline with outstanding stability.Moreover,ZCN displayed remarkable sterilization performance,achieving a 100%inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus within 90 min of visible-light exposure.Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the Zn single-atom sites act as pivotal photocatalytic active sites,with the presence of Zn single atoms notably augmenting charge separation efficiency.This work provides a novel approach for managing photocatalytic efficiency through enlarging single-atom doping,offering an avenue for pollutant photodegradation and sterilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372234)the Research Foundation for Talented Scholars of Linyi University(Z6122010).
文摘The strategic design and synthesis of photothermal/photocatalytic materials are pivotal to realizing photothermal conversion water evaporation coupled with photocatalytic sewage purification functions.In this work,based on the principle of three primary colors,brick-red g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite was loaded onto a green polyurethane(PU)sponge using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as the linking agent.The resultant PU/PVA/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)composite exhibits outstanding performance in simultaneous photothermal/photocatalytic water evaporation,pollutant degradation,sterilization,and thermoelectric generation.Under 1.0 kW m^(-2)irradiation,the water evaporation rate reaches 3.19 kg m^(-2)h-1,while a single thermoelectric module generates a maximum thermoelectric output power of 0.25 W m^(-2).Concurrently,rhodamine B(RhB)at a concentration of 4.0×10^(-4)mol L^(-1)undergoes complete photocatalytic degradation within 40 min.When the light intensity is 2.0 kW m^(-2),the evaporation rate soars to 8.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),and the thermoelectric power output increases to 1.1 W m^(-2).Furthermore,this photothermal/photocatalytic material based on the principle of three primary colors has excellent photothermal/photocatalytic antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.By abandoning black light-absorbing materials,more active sites of the photocatalyst can be exposed.The g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ag_(2)CrO_(4)heterojunction accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers,while the hydrophilic groups in the photothermal/photocatalytic materials reduce the water evaporation enthalpy.This research provides a novel approach for fabricating multi-function photothermal/photocatalytic materials,which could quicken the development of solution to freshwater and electricity energy shortages as well as environmental pollution issues.
基金supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program‘Strategic Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation’Key Special Project(Grant No.2023YFE0206900)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,the 111 project(B17043)the Project of Yazhouwan Scientific,Technological Administration of Sanya.
文摘Male sterile lines serve as a pivotal tool in plant breeding,offering an effective strategy for developing hybrid cultivars.In cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),the creation of male sterile lines,most of which exhibit abnormal pollen development,is essential for harnessing heterosis.Accumulating evidence suggests that male sterility in plants is linked to the overaccumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS),which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules and cellular structures,ultimately leading to aberrant anther development(Li et al.,2004).
文摘As globalization accelerates,microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge.Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment.Based on this,the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment,focusing on the principles,efficiency and applicability,revealing advantages and limitations,and summarizing current research advances.Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments,the corresponding side effects still exist.Thus,this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies,providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment.Also,it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology,including the development of new methods that are more efficient,energy-saving,and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment.Overall,this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future,as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.
基金Supported by Sichuan Beef Cattle Innovation Team Construction Project of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(SCCXTD-2025-13)Yaan City's"Challenge Prize Mechanism for Key Technologies"Project for Creating a National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Innovation Center-Breeding of New Local Beef Cattle Groups in Yaan(kczx2023-2025-18)+1 种基金Yaan City's"Challenge Prize Mechanism for Key Technologies"Project for Creating a National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Innovation Center-Integrated Application of High-Quality Beef Cattle Development Technology System(kczx2023-2025-22)Yaan City's"Challenge Prize Mechanism for Key Technologies"Project for Creating a National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology Innovation Center-Research and Integration of Key Technologies for Informatization in Yaan Beef Cattle Production(kczx2023-2025-26).
文摘Male dzo from the F1 to F3 generations are sterile,which impedes the utilization of hybrid vigor in dzo and constrains the development of plateau animal husbandry in China.The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon has long been a focal point in yak crossbreeding improvement research.This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying male sterility in dzo from histological,physiological,and multi-omics perspectives,providing research directions for further exploration of the mechanisms of male sterility in dzo.
基金supported by grants FONDECYT 1180850 and 1231757 to RM.
文摘The factors affecting the behavior of non-specialized nectar-feeding passerines have received little attention in the literature on plant-pollinator interactions. Puya chilensis (Bromeliaceae) has sterile branch apices that project outward from the inflorescence. In this study, we evaluate the functional role of sterile apices as support systems for bird foraging behavior. We recorded bird visitation and flower probing in the presence and absence of sterile branches during the spring seasons of 2021 and 2024. The results revealed that experimental plants with excised branches received fewer bird visits and flower probings than control plants, indicating that sterile branches play an important role in the nectar-feeding behavior of passerine birds in P. chilensis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2021YFC3200603)the Special Research Assistant Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Photocatalytic disinfection is an eco-friendly strategy for countering bacterial pollution in aquatic environments.Numerous strategies have been devised to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)within photocatalysts,ultimately leading to the eradication of bacteria.However,the significance of the physical morphology of photocatalysts in the context of sterilization is frequently obscured,and the progress in the development of physical-chemical synergistic sterilization photocatalysts has been relatively limited.Herein,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))is chemically protonated to expose more sharp edges.PL fluorescence and EIS results indicate that the protonation can accelerate photogenerated carrier separation and enhance ROS production.Meanwhile,the sharp edges on the protonated g-C_(3)N_(4)facilitate the physical disruption of cell walls for further promoting oxidative damage.Protonated C_(3)N_(4)demonstrated superior bactericidal performance than that of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4),effectively eliminating Escherichia coli within 40 minutes under irradiation.This work highlights the significance of incorporating physical and chemical synergies in photocatalyst design to enhance the disinfection efficiency of photocatalysis.
基金supported by the Innovation Talents Project of Harbin Science and Technology Bureau(2022CXRCCGO11)。
文摘This study examined the effects of pasteurization(PAS),ultrasonic sterilization(ULS),and microwave sterilization(MWS)on the quality and storage characteristics of brine-fermented tofu(BFT)and fermented tofu(FT).Comparative analysis revealed that MWS had a negligible detrimental effect on the structural integrity and organoleptic properties of BFT and FT,while effectively maintaining its water-holding capacity(WHC)and exhibiting the least impact on its texture.In contrast,PAS and ULS increased hardness and chewiness significantly(P<0.05),but ULS also enhanced the brightness of tofu.Throughout the storage period,the WHC,elasticity,and sensory properties of tofu generally decreased,whereas the hardness and chewiness increased.PAS-BFT and MWS-FT maintained sensory quality for the longest periods of 14 and 12 days respectively,and could be decomposed to more small molecule peptides within 0–8 days and 0–6 days,which are more easily to be absorbed by the body.The findings discovered that MWS is the most suitable method for sterilization of tofu,with superior capability in maintaining the quality,extending shelf life,and improving digestibility of tofu.
基金supported by the National Youth Talent Program(Grant No.A279021801)Key-Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202060001)+3 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021TD-32)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2021JM-089,2022JM112 and 2022JQ-162)the Key R&D Project from Yangling Seed Industry Innovation Center(Grant No.K3031322016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2452022111)。
文摘As a prerequisite for sexual reproduction,gametophyte development is an interesting process involving cell proliferation,differentiation and specialization.Gametogenesis has been extensively explored in model plants,but the regulatory mechanism of gametophyte development largely remains unknown in Cucurbitaceae species.In present study,we have shown that watermelon ClBBM and ClPLT2,two AP2/ERF transcription factors,participated in both male and female gametophyte development.Clbbm and Clplt2 single mutants resembled wild-type phenotypes in both vegetative and reproductive development.But Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutant showed partial pollen abortion and bore less seeds comparing to WT.Our results indicated that the abnormal pollen grains were caused by premature tapetum degeneration,and reduced seed-set was due to faulty embryo sac development.ClBBM and ClPLT2 were expressed in FG4 embryo sacs,and their transcripts were also detectable in the tapetum and microspore of stage 9 anthers,which was consistent with developmental stages of defective phenotypes observed in double mutant.The expression of genes essential for tapetum development,ClATM1,ClAMS,ClMS1 and ClMS188,was decreased in Clbbm/Clplt2 double mutants.Moreover,the transcriptome analysis indicated that ClBBM and ClPLT2 participated in tapetum and pollen wall development by regulate cell cycle,transmembrane transport,glucan and cellulose metabolic process.Collectively,ClBBM and ClPLT2 were functionally redundant in regulating gametophyte development in watermelon,and their functions differ from their homologous genes in model plant Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the National Characteristic Vegetable Industry Technology System of China(Grant No.CARS24-A-07)the Jiangsu Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Fund(Grant No.JATS[2023]050)Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research Fund Project(Grant No.XM2021003)。
文摘Commercial cultivars of garlic,a popular condiment,are sterile,making genetic variation and germplasm innovation of this plant challenging.Understanding mechanism of gamete sterility in garlic and their key regulatory networks is therefore important for fertility restoration.In this work,we conducted a detailed phenotypic analysis of fertile and sterile garlic genotypes and found that enlargement of topset in the inflorescence of sterile genotypes led to abnormal flowers.Additional cytological observations showed that aberrant meiotic cytokinesis in sterile garlic ultimately resulted in pollen degeneration.Transcriptomics analysis of sterile and fertile genotypes identified possible molecular mechanisms underlying gamete abortion.A total of 100710 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the fertile and sterile garlic flowers at three stages of gamete development were identified,many of which were involved in homologous chromosome synapsis during meiosis,MYB transcription factor regulation,ribosome biogenesis and plant hormone signal transduction.Taken together,these results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying gamete development in garlic and point to a set of candidate genes for further functional characterization.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003501)Biological BreedingMajor Projects(2023ZD04076)+1 种基金Funds from State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding(SKLMB2404,SKLMB2440)Anhui Natural Science Foundation(2308085QC92).
文摘Meiosis,a critical process for sexual reproduction,requires precise regulation to ensure the correct progression of meiotic stages.In yeast and animals,errors in meiotic recombination and homologous chromosomes synapsis bring a surveillance mechanism named pachytene checkpoint to prevent pachytene exit.However,most plant mutants with defects in meiotic prophase I continue cell cycle progression,which hindered the characterization of factors controlling the prophase I to metaphase I transition.Here,we characterized a male-sterile mutant in maize,prolonged prophase1(pp1),which exhibited pachytene and diakinesis arrest in male meiosis,and abnormal chromatin condensation.Using mapbased cloning,the PP1 gene was isolated as a PHD family transcription factor,and its transcripts of PP1 were preferentially accumulated in tapetum and male germline cells during microsporogenesis.Transcriptomic analysis of the pp1 mutant revealed downregulation of genes associated with chromatin assembly,cell cycle,and male meiosis,correlating with observed meiotic arrest and chromatin condensation defects.These findings highlight the role of PP1 in maize microsporogenesis,and providing more insights into the mechanisms regulating the meiotic progression in maize.
