Supercooling storage reduces the temperature of a product by lowering its freezing point without phase transition and may extend its shelf life.However,it is difficult to maintain the supercooled state of food as it i...Supercooling storage reduces the temperature of a product by lowering its freezing point without phase transition and may extend its shelf life.However,it is difficult to maintain the supercooled state of food as it is thermodynamically metastable.A slow cooling rate and minimal fluctuation are essential for achieving stable supercooling storage.Therefore,a stepwise algorithm was adopted for supercooling storage in this study.Salmon and olive flounder were stored at 3℃(refrigeration),18℃(freezing),and2℃(supercooling)for 12 days.Samples were maintained in a supercooled state and unfrozen during the storage period.Samples stored after the supercooling treatment were superior with respect to drip loss and water holding capacity(WHC)compared to frozen samples,regardless of the type of sample.WHC and total volatile basic nitrogen values of olive flounder was higher than those in salmon owing to the higher water and protein content in olive flounder than in salmon.Moreover,the supercooled samples inhibited the increase in trimethylamine and volatile basic nitrogen levels.Microbial growth was slow.Thus,a stepwise algorithm for stable supercooled storage was achieved,which effectively preserved fish quality better than freezing and refrigeration storage.展开更多
There are various analytical, empirical and numerical methods to calculate groundwater inflow into tun- nels excavated in rocky media. Analytical methods have been widely applied in prediction of groundwa- ter inflow ...There are various analytical, empirical and numerical methods to calculate groundwater inflow into tun- nels excavated in rocky media. Analytical methods have been widely applied in prediction of groundwa- ter inflow to tunnels due to their simplicity and practical base theory. Investigations show that the real amount of water infiltrating into jointed tunnels is much less than calculated amount using analytical methods and obtained results are very dependent on tunnel＇s geometry and environmental situations. In this study, using multiple regression analysis, a new empirical model for estimation of groundwater seepage into circular tunnels was introduced. Our data was acquired from field surveys and laboratory analysis of core samples. New regression variables were defined after perusing single and two variables relationship between groundwater seepage and other variables. Finally, an appropriate model for estima- tion of leakage was obtained using the stepwise algorithm. Statistics like R, R2, R2e and the histogram of residual values in the model represent a good reputation and fitness for this model to estimate the groundwater seepage into tunnels. The new experimental model was used for the test data and results were satisfactory. Therefore, multiple regression analysis is an effective and efficient way to estimate the groundwater seeoage into tunnels.展开更多
Program slicing can be effectively used to debug, test, analyze, understand and maintain objectoriented software. In this paper, a new slicing model is proposed to slice Java programs based on their inherent hierarchi...Program slicing can be effectively used to debug, test, analyze, understand and maintain objectoriented software. In this paper, a new slicing model is proposed to slice Java programs based on their inherent hierarchical feature. The main idea of hierarchical slicing is to slice programs in a stepwise way, from package level, to class level, method level, and finally up to statement level. The stepwise slicing algorithm and the related graph reachability algorithms are presented, the architecture of the Java program Analyzing TOol (JATO) based on hierarchical slicing model is provided, the applications and a small case study are also discussed. Keywords software engineering - hierarchical model - program slicing - JAVA - stepwise algorithm - JATO This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60473065 and the Outstanding Youth Teacher Support Foundation of Southeast University under Grant No.4009001011.Bi-Xin Li is a professor in Southeast University from Jan., 2004. He received the Ph.D. degree in computer software and theory from Nanjing University in 2001. From Apr. 2001 to Apr. 2002, he worked at TUCS (Turku Center for Computer Science) for one year as a post-doctoral researcher. From Apr. 2002 to Dec. 2003, he worked. at Department of Computer and Information Science, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), and CWI (the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica), both as an ERCIM Fellow. His current research interests include software construction, software testing, SQA techniques, software architecture and component techniques, safety-critical system and formal verification, etc.Xiao-Cong Fan is a senior researcher in the Inteligent Agent Lab of the Pennsylvania State University from 2002. He received the Ph.D. degree from Nanjing University in 1999. From 2000 to 2002, he worked at the turku Centre for Computer Science and the Computer Science Department of Abo Akademi University in Finland, where he participated in the projects SOCOS and SPROUT, which developed a methodology for software platform construction based on the Refinement Calculus. He currently works on formal agent theories in teamwork, and projects for applying these theories.Jun Pang is now a Ph.D. candidate in CWI, the Netherlands. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in computer science from Nanjing University, China, in 1997 and 2000. His research interests include protocol verification, process algebra, safety critical systems, security, testing, software architecture etc.Jian-Jun Zhao is an associate professor of computer science at Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan. He received the B.S. degree in computer science from Tsinghua University, China, in 1987, and the Ph.D. degree in computer science from Kyushu University, Japan, in 1997. His research interests include program analysis and compiler, software architecture analysis, aspect-oriented software development, and ubiquitous computing environment.展开更多
文摘Supercooling storage reduces the temperature of a product by lowering its freezing point without phase transition and may extend its shelf life.However,it is difficult to maintain the supercooled state of food as it is thermodynamically metastable.A slow cooling rate and minimal fluctuation are essential for achieving stable supercooling storage.Therefore,a stepwise algorithm was adopted for supercooling storage in this study.Salmon and olive flounder were stored at 3℃(refrigeration),18℃(freezing),and2℃(supercooling)for 12 days.Samples were maintained in a supercooled state and unfrozen during the storage period.Samples stored after the supercooling treatment were superior with respect to drip loss and water holding capacity(WHC)compared to frozen samples,regardless of the type of sample.WHC and total volatile basic nitrogen values of olive flounder was higher than those in salmon owing to the higher water and protein content in olive flounder than in salmon.Moreover,the supercooled samples inhibited the increase in trimethylamine and volatile basic nitrogen levels.Microbial growth was slow.Thus,a stepwise algorithm for stable supercooled storage was achieved,which effectively preserved fish quality better than freezing and refrigeration storage.
文摘There are various analytical, empirical and numerical methods to calculate groundwater inflow into tun- nels excavated in rocky media. Analytical methods have been widely applied in prediction of groundwa- ter inflow to tunnels due to their simplicity and practical base theory. Investigations show that the real amount of water infiltrating into jointed tunnels is much less than calculated amount using analytical methods and obtained results are very dependent on tunnel＇s geometry and environmental situations. In this study, using multiple regression analysis, a new empirical model for estimation of groundwater seepage into circular tunnels was introduced. Our data was acquired from field surveys and laboratory analysis of core samples. New regression variables were defined after perusing single and two variables relationship between groundwater seepage and other variables. Finally, an appropriate model for estima- tion of leakage was obtained using the stepwise algorithm. Statistics like R, R2, R2e and the histogram of residual values in the model represent a good reputation and fitness for this model to estimate the groundwater seepage into tunnels. The new experimental model was used for the test data and results were satisfactory. Therefore, multiple regression analysis is an effective and efficient way to estimate the groundwater seeoage into tunnels.
文摘Program slicing can be effectively used to debug, test, analyze, understand and maintain objectoriented software. In this paper, a new slicing model is proposed to slice Java programs based on their inherent hierarchical feature. The main idea of hierarchical slicing is to slice programs in a stepwise way, from package level, to class level, method level, and finally up to statement level. The stepwise slicing algorithm and the related graph reachability algorithms are presented, the architecture of the Java program Analyzing TOol (JATO) based on hierarchical slicing model is provided, the applications and a small case study are also discussed. Keywords software engineering - hierarchical model - program slicing - JAVA - stepwise algorithm - JATO This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60473065 and the Outstanding Youth Teacher Support Foundation of Southeast University under Grant No.4009001011.Bi-Xin Li is a professor in Southeast University from Jan., 2004. He received the Ph.D. degree in computer software and theory from Nanjing University in 2001. From Apr. 2001 to Apr. 2002, he worked at TUCS (Turku Center for Computer Science) for one year as a post-doctoral researcher. From Apr. 2002 to Dec. 2003, he worked. at Department of Computer and Information Science, NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), and CWI (the Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica), both as an ERCIM Fellow. His current research interests include software construction, software testing, SQA techniques, software architecture and component techniques, safety-critical system and formal verification, etc.Xiao-Cong Fan is a senior researcher in the Inteligent Agent Lab of the Pennsylvania State University from 2002. He received the Ph.D. degree from Nanjing University in 1999. From 2000 to 2002, he worked at the turku Centre for Computer Science and the Computer Science Department of Abo Akademi University in Finland, where he participated in the projects SOCOS and SPROUT, which developed a methodology for software platform construction based on the Refinement Calculus. He currently works on formal agent theories in teamwork, and projects for applying these theories.Jun Pang is now a Ph.D. candidate in CWI, the Netherlands. He received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in computer science from Nanjing University, China, in 1997 and 2000. His research interests include protocol verification, process algebra, safety critical systems, security, testing, software architecture etc.Jian-Jun Zhao is an associate professor of computer science at Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan. He received the B.S. degree in computer science from Tsinghua University, China, in 1987, and the Ph.D. degree in computer science from Kyushu University, Japan, in 1997. His research interests include program analysis and compiler, software architecture analysis, aspect-oriented software development, and ubiquitous computing environment.
