The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor,but extremely challenging.Therapeutic candidates ...The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor,but extremely challenging.Therapeutic candidates that were successful in preclinical Parkinson's disease animal models have repeatedly failed when tested in clinical trials.While these failures have many possible explanations,it is perhaps time to recognize that the problem lies with the animal models rather than the putative candidate.In other words,the lack of adequate animal models of Parkinson's disease currently represents the main barrier to preclinical identification of potential disease-modifying therapies likely to succeed in clinical trials.However,this barrier may be overcome by the recent introduction of novel generations of viral vectors coding for different forms of alpha-synuclein species and related genes.Although still facing several limitations,these models have managed to mimic the known neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease with unprecedented accuracy,delineating a more optimistic scenario for the near future.展开更多
Objective:To collate and summarize phenotypic insecticide susceptibility data of Indian malaria vectors from 2017 to 2024,focusing on insecticides used in adult vector control,dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane,malathi...Objective:To collate and summarize phenotypic insecticide susceptibility data of Indian malaria vectors from 2017 to 2024,focusing on insecticides used in adult vector control,dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane,malathion,deltamethrin,alpha-cypermethrin,and permethrin to identify resistance patterns to different classes of insecticides.Methods:The data included information on vector species,location of the study(state/district),insecticide tested,mortality percentage,and susceptibility classification based on the World Health Organization interpretation criteria.Retrospective data were collected from peer-reviewed publications(2017-2024)and up to June 2025.The data were collated for five major malaria vector species,namely Anopheles(An.)culicifacies,An.fluviatilis,An.stephensi,An.baimaii,and An.minimus.Results:Insecticide susceptibility data were available from 86 districts across 16 Indian states for 40615 mosquitoes.The majority of the data was on An.culicifacies(n=28308),followed by An.stephensi(n=5611),An.fluviatilis(n=5967),An.baimaii(n=365),and An.minimus(n=364).Intensity bioassays revealed low to moderate resistance levels in An.culicifacies populations from selected districts in 3 states,Odisha,Madhya Pradesh,and Chhattisgarh against deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin.Conclusions:This review highlights spatial and species-level variations in insecticide susceptibility among Indian malaria vectors.The low to moderate intensity suggested that it may not yet be severe enough to cause operational failure with current vector control interventions.Continued monitoring of insecticide resistance,as well as the use of new-generation insecticides and interventions,is suggested to sustain vector control efficacy and manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors to support India’s malaria elimination.展开更多
In this paper,we shall study structures of even lattice vertex operator algebras by using the geometry of the varieties of their semi-conformal vectors.We first give the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of a family...In this paper,we shall study structures of even lattice vertex operator algebras by using the geometry of the varieties of their semi-conformal vectors.We first give the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of a family of vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)) associated to rank-one positive definite even lattices √kA_(1) for arbitrary positive integers k to characterize these even lattice vertex operator algebras.In such a family of lattice vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)),the vertex operator algebra V_(√2A_(1)) is different from others.Hence we describe the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of V_(√2A_(1)) and the fixed vertex operator subalgebra V^(+)√2A_(1).Moreover,as applications,we study the relations between vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1) )and L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for arbitrary positive integers k by the viewpoint of semi-conformal homomorphisms of vertex operator algebras.For case k=2,in the series of rational simple affine vertex operator algebras L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for positive integers k,we show that L_(sl_(2))(2,0)is a unique frame vertex operator algebra with rank 3.展开更多
Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer(CAR-NK)cell therapy is an alternative immunotherapy that provides robust tumor-eliminating effects without inducing life-threatening toxicities and graft-versus-host disease.CA...Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer(CAR-NK)cell therapy is an alternative immunotherapy that provides robust tumor-eliminating effects without inducing life-threatening toxicities and graft-versus-host disease.CAR-NK cell therapy has enabled the development of“off-the-shelf”products that bypass the lengthy and expensive cell manufacturing process1.展开更多
Although the Chinese new-generation Fengyun-4B(FY-4B) geostationary satellite Atmospheric Motion Vector(AMV) products became operational in June 2022, their accuracy and utility remain largely unexamined. This study c...Although the Chinese new-generation Fengyun-4B(FY-4B) geostationary satellite Atmospheric Motion Vector(AMV) products became operational in June 2022, their accuracy and utility remain largely unexamined. This study comprehensively evaluates FY-4B AMV products for August and October 2023, as well as January and April 2024,exploring their application in monitoring the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) onset. The results indicate that AMV products derived from the upper-level water vapor absorption channel(AMV_WV) and the infrared channel(AMV_IR) demonstrate high accuracy when compared with ERA5 reanalysis data. The root mean square error(RMSE) is mostly between 4.5 m s^(–1)and 6.4 m s^(–1), with coefficients of determination(R2) values ranging from 0.7 to 0.8, indicating the overall reliability of FY-4B AMVs. The observation errors of AMVs exhibit significant vertical structure characteristics. Specifically, the AMV_WV products demonstrate superior accuracy above 350 h Pa, while the AMV_IR products exhibit reduced errors in the layers between 200–500 h Pa and 700–950 h Pa. Spatially, most areas exhibit low observation errors for AMVs, while clear-sky weather and deep convective cloud systems can increase errors. A lack of clouds or water vapor may reduce the number of observation samples in some areas, leading to unstable RMSE performance, which is particularly evident for AMV_WV RMSE around 25°–30°N in January and near 25°S in August. Deep convective cloud systems can influence AMV retrieval results, leading to systematic observation errors, especially for the infrared channel.Additionally, AMV_WV is more reliable during the daytime, with a lower RMSE compared to nighttime, while AMV_IR exhibits a diverging diurnal variation pattern. Finally, the FY-4B AMV_WV products were applied to monitor the SCSSM event in 2024. Significant zonal wind direction reversal characteristics were observed in key regions around the onset date,indicating that AMVs can serve as effective indicators for monitoring the SCSSM onset.展开更多
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of lower back pain and is characterized by pathological processes such as nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis,extracellular matrix imbalance,and annulus fibrosus rupture...Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of lower back pain and is characterized by pathological processes such as nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis,extracellular matrix imbalance,and annulus fibrosus rupture.These pathological changes result in disc height loss and functional decline,potentially leading to disc herniation.This comprehensive review aimed to address the current challenges in intervertebral disc degeneration treatment by evaluating the regenerative potential of stem cell-based therapies,with a particular focus on emerging technologies such as exosomes and gene vector systems.Through mechanisms such as differentiation,paracrine effects,and immunomodulation,stem cells facilitate extracellular matrix repair and reduce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis.Despite recent advancements,clinical applications are hindered by challenges such as hypoxic disc environments and immune rejection.By analyzing recent preclinical and clinical findings,this review provided insights into optimizing stem cell therapy to overcome these obstacles and highlighted future directions in the field.展开更多
This paper presents an improved,energy-efficient Model Predictive Current Control(MPCC)strategy based on centroid-based virtual voltage vector synthesis for three-phase inverter-fed induction motor drives in electric ...This paper presents an improved,energy-efficient Model Predictive Current Control(MPCC)strategy based on centroid-based virtual voltage vector synthesis for three-phase inverter-fed induction motor drives in electric vehicle(EV)applications.Unlike conventional finite-set MPCC methods that rely on cost function evaluation over discrete switching states,the proposed approach eliminates the need for look-up tables by employing a pre-defined set of virtual vectors.These centroid-based virtual voltage vectors are synthesized by combining two adjacent active vectors and two nonzero voltage vectors in opposite directions adjacent to the sector replacing the traditional switching set.They approximate the reference voltage vector in both magnitude and phase angle,thereby reducing current tracking error through a simplified cost function.The number of candidate vectors is reduced,preserving computational efficiency.Furthermore,the scheme ensures zero average common-mode voltage(CMV)per sampling interval by completely avoiding zero-voltage vectors(ZVVs).The proposed method reduces torque ripple by up to 17%compared to the conventional approach and lowers stator current total harmonic distortion(THD)by 37%,while ensuring evenly distributed switching transitions among inverter legs.This results in reduced switching losses and enhanced drive efficiency-particularly advantageous in EV applications.Experimental validation under the high-speed extra urban driving cycle(EUDC)and low-speed ECE-R15 cycle,including torque ripple and energy consumption analysis,confirms the effectiveness of the approach,achieving an overall efficiency of 83.3%.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide.PD classification models using voice signals as input are common in the literature.It is believed that using d...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide.PD classification models using voice signals as input are common in the literature.It is believed that using deep learning algorithms further enhances performance;nevertheless,it is challenging due to the nature of small-scale and imbalanced PD datasets.This paper proposed a convolutional neural network-based deep support vector machine(CNN-DSVM)to automate the feature extraction process using CNN and extend the conventional SVM to a DSVM for better classification performance in small-scale PD datasets.A customized kernel function reduces the impact of biased classification towards the majority class(healthy candidates in our consideration).An improved generative adversarial network(IGAN)was designed to generate additional training data to enhance the model’s performance.For performance evaluation,the proposed algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 97.6%and a specificity of 97.3%.The performance comparison is evaluated from five perspectives,including comparisons with different data generation algorithms,feature extraction techniques,kernel functions,and existing works.Results reveal the effectiveness of the IGAN algorithm,which improves the sensitivity and specificity by 4.05%–4.72%and 4.96%–5.86%,respectively;and the effectiveness of the CNN-DSVM algorithm,which improves the sensitivity by 1.24%–57.4%and specificity by 1.04%–163%and reduces biased detection towards the majority class.The ablation experiments confirm the effectiveness of individual components.Two future research directions have also been suggested.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the construction and expression of eukaryotic expression vectors of antibacterial peptides （mytilin and myticin） from Mytilus coruscus.[Method] By the screening of antibacterial pept...[Objective] The aim was to study the construction and expression of eukaryotic expression vectors of antibacterial peptides （mytilin and myticin） from Mytilus coruscus.[Method] By the screening of antibacterial peptide genes of mytilin and myticin of Mytilus coruscus,five antibacterial peptide genes were selected.Then,the relative eukaryotic expressing vectors were constructed by the use of PCR technique and DNA recombinant technology.Subsequently,they were transferred in to S78 Saccharomyces cerevisia by using LiAC transformation method,and then preliminary expressing analysis was carried out.[Result] Five eukaryotic expressing vectors of antibacterial peptides from Mytilus coruscus were successfully constructed,and the results of mRNA detection revealed that the five antibacterial peptides from Mytilus coruscus were successfully transcribed.[Conclusion] The results provide a basis for using genetic engineering to express antibacterial peptides of mytilin and myticin from Mytilus coruscus,and for developing the further study of antibacterial peptides from Mytilus coruscus based on this.展开更多
Delta-12 oleate desaturase gene （FAD2-1） which converts oleic acid into linoleic acid, is the key enzyme determining the fatty acid composition of cottonseed oil. By employing RT-PCR method, full length cDNA of cott...Delta-12 oleate desaturase gene （FAD2-1） which converts oleic acid into linoleic acid, is the key enzyme determining the fatty acid composition of cottonseed oil. By employing RT-PCR method, full length cDNA of cotton delta-12 oleate desat- urase gene GhFAD2-1 containing an open reading frame of 1 158 bp was cloned for constructing RNAi vector. A 515 bp long specific fragment of this gene was se- lected for constructing ihpRNA vector under the control of a seed-specific promoter NAPIN, named pFGC1008-NAPIN-FAD2-1; meanwhile miRNA gene-silencing vector pCAMBIA1302-amiRNA-FAD2-1 targeting GhFAD2-1 was also constructed.展开更多
[Objective] To construct prokaryotic expression vectors encoding gene Erb3binding protein （EBP1）, which plays important roles in regulating plant organ size from Nervilia fordii （Hance） Schltr. [Methods] PCR produ...[Objective] To construct prokaryotic expression vectors encoding gene Erb3binding protein （EBP1）, which plays important roles in regulating plant organ size from Nervilia fordii （Hance） Schltr. [Methods] PCR products of NfEBP1 with particular restriction sites and expression vectors, pET-28 and pET-16b were digested. Ligation, transformation and selection were performed to construct the recombinant plasmids pET-28-NfEBP1 and pET-16-NfEBP1. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 using heat -shock transformation. [Results] Recombinant plasmids pET-28-NfEBP1-1188 and pET-16-NfEBP1-1188 were constructed and transformed into expressional host cells, E. coli BL21, and validated by colony PCR, sequencing and double digestion. [Conclusion] Prokaryotic expression vectors of EBP1 gene from N. fordii were successfully constructed, which laid the foundation for characterization of the gene function.展开更多
Extending the lead time of precipitation nowcasts is vital to improvements in heavy rainfall warning, flood mitigation, and water resource management. Because the TREC vector （tracking radar echo by correlation） rep...Extending the lead time of precipitation nowcasts is vital to improvements in heavy rainfall warning, flood mitigation, and water resource management. Because the TREC vector （tracking radar echo by correlation） represents only the instantaneous trend of precipitation echo motion, the approach using derived echo motion vectors to extrapolate radar reflectivity as a rainfall forecast is not satisfactory if the lead time is beyond 30 minutes. For longer lead times, the effect of ambient winds on echo movement should be considered. In this paper, an extrapolation algorithm that extends forecast lead times up to 3 hours was developed to blend TREC vectors with model-predicted winds. The TREC vectors were derived from radar reflectivity patterns in 3 km height CAPPI （constant altitude plan position indicator） mosaics through a cross-correlation technique. The background steering winds were provided by predictions of the rapid update assimilation model CHAF （cycle of hourly assimilation and forecast）. A similarity index was designed to determine the vertical level at which model winds were applied in the extrapolation process, which occurs via a comparison between model winds and radar vectors. Based on a summer rainfall case study, it is found that the new algorithm provides a better forecast.展开更多
Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefa...Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Gene therapy as part of modern molecu-lar medicine holds great promise for the treatment of hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has the potential to bringa revolutionary era to cancer treatment. For the pa...BACKGROUND: Gene therapy as part of modern molecu-lar medicine holds great promise for the treatment of hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has the potential to bringa revolutionary era to cancer treatment. For the past de-cade various viral and non-viral vectors have been engi-neered for improved liver gene therapy.DATA RESOURCES: An English-language literature searchusing MEDLINE (2004), Index Medicus (2004) and biblio-graphic reviews of books and review articles. Liver-directedgene transfer vectors and their history and recent clinicalapplications.RESULTS: The ultimate goal of liver-directed gene therapyfor HCC is the stable expression of a therapeutic transgenein a significant proportion of hepatocytes. The design of avector system providing efficient and stable gene engraft-ment and expression in human hepatocytes is still a chal-lenging issue. The advantages and disadvantages of the ge-netically engineered vector of viral or non-viral origin arediscussed with respect to their essential relevance.CONCLUSION: Liver gene therapy has a long way to goand efficient and innocuous liver-directed gene transfer vec-tors are therefore urgently required.展开更多
The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to ...The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors （BVs） are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector （NLLV） scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram-Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more com- ponents in analysis errors than the BVs. In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random pertur- bation （RP） technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version--the ensemble transform Kalman filter （ETKF） method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.展开更多
In this paper the geometric description and general theory of mechanical twinning are reviewed, the twins in general lattices and superlattices are summarized, and the kinetic process by which mechanical twins form is...In this paper the geometric description and general theory of mechanical twinning are reviewed, the twins in general lattices and superlattices are summarized, and the kinetic process by which mechanical twins form is revisited. A case study of mechanical twinning of HfV2+Nb, (cubic) Laves phase, is presented and the synchroshear of selected atomic layers is proposed to explain the physical process of twin formation. If the twins form in this way, then long shear vectors and / or atomicshuffles are not really necessary.展开更多
In order to achieve a high precision in three-dimensional（3D） multi-camera measurement system, an efficient multi-cameracalibration method is proposed. A stitching method of large scalecalibration targets is deduced...In order to achieve a high precision in three-dimensional（3D） multi-camera measurement system, an efficient multi-cameracalibration method is proposed. A stitching method of large scalecalibration targets is deduced, and a fundamental of multi-cameracalibration based on the large scale calibration target is provided.To avoid the shortcomings of the method, the vector differencesof reprojection error with the presence of the constraint conditionof the constant rigid body transformation is modelled, and mini-mized by the Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） method. Results of thesimulation and observation data calibration experiment show thatthe accuracy of the system calibrated by the proposed methodreaches 2 mm when measuring distance section of 20 000 mmand scale section of 7 000 mm × 7 000 mm. Consequently, theproposed method of multi-camera calibration performs better thanthe fundamental in stability. This technique offers a more uniformerror distribution for measuring large scale space.展开更多
Objective To construct lentivirus vectors carrying alphastatin gene,test its secretion expression in human umbilical vein endothelia cells(HUVECs)and observe its effects on growth,migration and tube formation of HUVEC...Objective To construct lentivirus vectors carrying alphastatin gene,test its secretion expression in human umbilical vein endothelia cells(HUVECs)and observe its effects on growth,migration and tube formation of HUVECs.Methods We constructed recombinant lentivirus vectors of NT4-alphastatin fusion gene containing neurotrophin-4 signal peptide,pro-region sequences and alphastatin,then transfected the recombinant lentivirus vectors into HUVECs to obtain secretory protein alphastatin and test its anti-angiogenic activities in vitro.Results Our data showed that recombinant self-inactivating lentivirus vectors of NT4-alphastatin were successfully constructed,and stable NT4-alphastatin transduced HUVECs were capable of sustainably secreting alphastatin which significantly suppressed HUVECs migration and differentiation but not VEGF-induced proliferation.Conclusion This report represents the first time on the use of lentivirus-based vectors to deliver alphastatin,the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor,and reveals the potential utility of anti-angiogenic gene therapy with lentivirus vectors for treating cancer.展开更多
In this paper, from the viewpoint of the time value of money, we study the risk measures for portfolio vectors with discount factor. Cash subadditive risk measures for portfolio vectors are proposed. Representation re...In this paper, from the viewpoint of the time value of money, we study the risk measures for portfolio vectors with discount factor. Cash subadditive risk measures for portfolio vectors are proposed. Representation results are given by two different methods which are convex analysis and enlarging space. Especially, the method of convex analysis make the line of reasoning and the representation result be simpler. Meanwhile, spot and forward risk measures for portfolio vectors are also introduced, and the relationships between them are investigated.展开更多
基金supported by grants PID2020-120308RB-I00 and PID2023-147802OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033FEDER,UE,by Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ref.ASAP-020505)through the Michael J.Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research+1 种基金by CiberNed Intramural Collaborative Projects(ref.PI2020/09)by the Spanish Fundación Mutua Madrile?a de Investigación Médica(to JLL)。
文摘The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor,but extremely challenging.Therapeutic candidates that were successful in preclinical Parkinson's disease animal models have repeatedly failed when tested in clinical trials.While these failures have many possible explanations,it is perhaps time to recognize that the problem lies with the animal models rather than the putative candidate.In other words,the lack of adequate animal models of Parkinson's disease currently represents the main barrier to preclinical identification of potential disease-modifying therapies likely to succeed in clinical trials.However,this barrier may be overcome by the recent introduction of novel generations of viral vectors coding for different forms of alpha-synuclein species and related genes.Although still facing several limitations,these models have managed to mimic the known neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease with unprecedented accuracy,delineating a more optimistic scenario for the near future.
文摘Objective:To collate and summarize phenotypic insecticide susceptibility data of Indian malaria vectors from 2017 to 2024,focusing on insecticides used in adult vector control,dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane,malathion,deltamethrin,alpha-cypermethrin,and permethrin to identify resistance patterns to different classes of insecticides.Methods:The data included information on vector species,location of the study(state/district),insecticide tested,mortality percentage,and susceptibility classification based on the World Health Organization interpretation criteria.Retrospective data were collected from peer-reviewed publications(2017-2024)and up to June 2025.The data were collated for five major malaria vector species,namely Anopheles(An.)culicifacies,An.fluviatilis,An.stephensi,An.baimaii,and An.minimus.Results:Insecticide susceptibility data were available from 86 districts across 16 Indian states for 40615 mosquitoes.The majority of the data was on An.culicifacies(n=28308),followed by An.stephensi(n=5611),An.fluviatilis(n=5967),An.baimaii(n=365),and An.minimus(n=364).Intensity bioassays revealed low to moderate resistance levels in An.culicifacies populations from selected districts in 3 states,Odisha,Madhya Pradesh,and Chhattisgarh against deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin.Conclusions:This review highlights spatial and species-level variations in insecticide susceptibility among Indian malaria vectors.The low to moderate intensity suggested that it may not yet be severe enough to cause operational failure with current vector control interventions.Continued monitoring of insecticide resistance,as well as the use of new-generation insecticides and interventions,is suggested to sustain vector control efficacy and manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors to support India’s malaria elimination.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12475002).
文摘In this paper,we shall study structures of even lattice vertex operator algebras by using the geometry of the varieties of their semi-conformal vectors.We first give the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of a family of vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)) associated to rank-one positive definite even lattices √kA_(1) for arbitrary positive integers k to characterize these even lattice vertex operator algebras.In such a family of lattice vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1)),the vertex operator algebra V_(√2A_(1)) is different from others.Hence we describe the varieties of semi-conformal vectors of V_(√2A_(1)) and the fixed vertex operator subalgebra V^(+)√2A_(1).Moreover,as applications,we study the relations between vertex operator algebras V_(√kA_(1) )and L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for arbitrary positive integers k by the viewpoint of semi-conformal homomorphisms of vertex operator algebras.For case k=2,in the series of rational simple affine vertex operator algebras L_(sl_(2))(k,0)for positive integers k,we show that L_(sl_(2))(2,0)is a unique frame vertex operator algebra with rank 3.
基金supported by grants from the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2023ZD0501300)Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2021C03117)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82350104 and 82170219)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LY23H080004 and LY24H080001)Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.2021KY199)。
文摘Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer(CAR-NK)cell therapy is an alternative immunotherapy that provides robust tumor-eliminating effects without inducing life-threatening toxicities and graft-versus-host disease.CAR-NK cell therapy has enabled the development of“off-the-shelf”products that bypass the lengthy and expensive cell manufacturing process1.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2023B1212060019)Natural Science Foundation of China (42175086)Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)(SML2023SP208)。
文摘Although the Chinese new-generation Fengyun-4B(FY-4B) geostationary satellite Atmospheric Motion Vector(AMV) products became operational in June 2022, their accuracy and utility remain largely unexamined. This study comprehensively evaluates FY-4B AMV products for August and October 2023, as well as January and April 2024,exploring their application in monitoring the South China Sea Summer Monsoon(SCSSM) onset. The results indicate that AMV products derived from the upper-level water vapor absorption channel(AMV_WV) and the infrared channel(AMV_IR) demonstrate high accuracy when compared with ERA5 reanalysis data. The root mean square error(RMSE) is mostly between 4.5 m s^(–1)and 6.4 m s^(–1), with coefficients of determination(R2) values ranging from 0.7 to 0.8, indicating the overall reliability of FY-4B AMVs. The observation errors of AMVs exhibit significant vertical structure characteristics. Specifically, the AMV_WV products demonstrate superior accuracy above 350 h Pa, while the AMV_IR products exhibit reduced errors in the layers between 200–500 h Pa and 700–950 h Pa. Spatially, most areas exhibit low observation errors for AMVs, while clear-sky weather and deep convective cloud systems can increase errors. A lack of clouds or water vapor may reduce the number of observation samples in some areas, leading to unstable RMSE performance, which is particularly evident for AMV_WV RMSE around 25°–30°N in January and near 25°S in August. Deep convective cloud systems can influence AMV retrieval results, leading to systematic observation errors, especially for the infrared channel.Additionally, AMV_WV is more reliable during the daytime, with a lower RMSE compared to nighttime, while AMV_IR exhibits a diverging diurnal variation pattern. Finally, the FY-4B AMV_WV products were applied to monitor the SCSSM event in 2024. Significant zonal wind direction reversal characteristics were observed in key regions around the onset date,indicating that AMVs can serve as effective indicators for monitoring the SCSSM onset.
基金Supported by Henan Province Key Research and Development Program,No.231111311000Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,No.232102310411+2 种基金Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Key Project,No.LHGJ20220566 and No.LHGJ20240365Henan Province Medical Education Research Project,No.WJLX2023079Zhengzhou Medical and Health Technology Innovation Guidance Program,No.2024YLZDJH022.
文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of lower back pain and is characterized by pathological processes such as nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis,extracellular matrix imbalance,and annulus fibrosus rupture.These pathological changes result in disc height loss and functional decline,potentially leading to disc herniation.This comprehensive review aimed to address the current challenges in intervertebral disc degeneration treatment by evaluating the regenerative potential of stem cell-based therapies,with a particular focus on emerging technologies such as exosomes and gene vector systems.Through mechanisms such as differentiation,paracrine effects,and immunomodulation,stem cells facilitate extracellular matrix repair and reduce nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis.Despite recent advancements,clinical applications are hindered by challenges such as hypoxic disc environments and immune rejection.By analyzing recent preclinical and clinical findings,this review provided insights into optimizing stem cell therapy to overcome these obstacles and highlighted future directions in the field.
文摘This paper presents an improved,energy-efficient Model Predictive Current Control(MPCC)strategy based on centroid-based virtual voltage vector synthesis for three-phase inverter-fed induction motor drives in electric vehicle(EV)applications.Unlike conventional finite-set MPCC methods that rely on cost function evaluation over discrete switching states,the proposed approach eliminates the need for look-up tables by employing a pre-defined set of virtual vectors.These centroid-based virtual voltage vectors are synthesized by combining two adjacent active vectors and two nonzero voltage vectors in opposite directions adjacent to the sector replacing the traditional switching set.They approximate the reference voltage vector in both magnitude and phase angle,thereby reducing current tracking error through a simplified cost function.The number of candidate vectors is reduced,preserving computational efficiency.Furthermore,the scheme ensures zero average common-mode voltage(CMV)per sampling interval by completely avoiding zero-voltage vectors(ZVVs).The proposed method reduces torque ripple by up to 17%compared to the conventional approach and lowers stator current total harmonic distortion(THD)by 37%,while ensuring evenly distributed switching transitions among inverter legs.This results in reduced switching losses and enhanced drive efficiency-particularly advantageous in EV applications.Experimental validation under the high-speed extra urban driving cycle(EUDC)and low-speed ECE-R15 cycle,including torque ripple and energy consumption analysis,confirms the effectiveness of the approach,achieving an overall efficiency of 83.3%.
基金The work described in this paper was fully supported by a grant from Hong Kong Metropolitan University(RIF/2021/05).
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting over 10 million people worldwide.PD classification models using voice signals as input are common in the literature.It is believed that using deep learning algorithms further enhances performance;nevertheless,it is challenging due to the nature of small-scale and imbalanced PD datasets.This paper proposed a convolutional neural network-based deep support vector machine(CNN-DSVM)to automate the feature extraction process using CNN and extend the conventional SVM to a DSVM for better classification performance in small-scale PD datasets.A customized kernel function reduces the impact of biased classification towards the majority class(healthy candidates in our consideration).An improved generative adversarial network(IGAN)was designed to generate additional training data to enhance the model’s performance.For performance evaluation,the proposed algorithm achieves a sensitivity of 97.6%and a specificity of 97.3%.The performance comparison is evaluated from five perspectives,including comparisons with different data generation algorithms,feature extraction techniques,kernel functions,and existing works.Results reveal the effectiveness of the IGAN algorithm,which improves the sensitivity and specificity by 4.05%–4.72%and 4.96%–5.86%,respectively;and the effectiveness of the CNN-DSVM algorithm,which improves the sensitivity by 1.24%–57.4%and specificity by 1.04%–163%and reduces biased detection towards the majority class.The ablation experiments confirm the effectiveness of individual components.Two future research directions have also been suggested.
基金Supported by Agricultural Research Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2008C22026,2009C32016)Open Topic of Key Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fishery Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture ( Open-09-10 )+1 种基金Technology Bureau Project of Zhoushan City (Y20082080)Innovative Business Incubation Program of College Students~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the construction and expression of eukaryotic expression vectors of antibacterial peptides （mytilin and myticin） from Mytilus coruscus.[Method] By the screening of antibacterial peptide genes of mytilin and myticin of Mytilus coruscus,five antibacterial peptide genes were selected.Then,the relative eukaryotic expressing vectors were constructed by the use of PCR technique and DNA recombinant technology.Subsequently,they were transferred in to S78 Saccharomyces cerevisia by using LiAC transformation method,and then preliminary expressing analysis was carried out.[Result] Five eukaryotic expressing vectors of antibacterial peptides from Mytilus coruscus were successfully constructed,and the results of mRNA detection revealed that the five antibacterial peptides from Mytilus coruscus were successfully transcribed.[Conclusion] The results provide a basis for using genetic engineering to express antibacterial peptides of mytilin and myticin from Mytilus coruscus,and for developing the further study of antibacterial peptides from Mytilus coruscus based on this.
文摘Delta-12 oleate desaturase gene （FAD2-1） which converts oleic acid into linoleic acid, is the key enzyme determining the fatty acid composition of cottonseed oil. By employing RT-PCR method, full length cDNA of cotton delta-12 oleate desat- urase gene GhFAD2-1 containing an open reading frame of 1 158 bp was cloned for constructing RNAi vector. A 515 bp long specific fragment of this gene was se- lected for constructing ihpRNA vector under the control of a seed-specific promoter NAPIN, named pFGC1008-NAPIN-FAD2-1; meanwhile miRNA gene-silencing vector pCAMBIA1302-amiRNA-FAD2-1 targeting GhFAD2-1 was also constructed.
基金Supported by Research Fund of the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (200805720004)Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China ([2009]1001)~~
文摘[Objective] To construct prokaryotic expression vectors encoding gene Erb3binding protein （EBP1）, which plays important roles in regulating plant organ size from Nervilia fordii （Hance） Schltr. [Methods] PCR products of NfEBP1 with particular restriction sites and expression vectors, pET-28 and pET-16b were digested. Ligation, transformation and selection were performed to construct the recombinant plasmids pET-28-NfEBP1 and pET-16-NfEBP1. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 using heat -shock transformation. [Results] Recombinant plasmids pET-28-NfEBP1-1188 and pET-16-NfEBP1-1188 were constructed and transformed into expressional host cells, E. coli BL21, and validated by colony PCR, sequencing and double digestion. [Conclusion] Prokaryotic expression vectors of EBP1 gene from N. fordii were successfully constructed, which laid the foundation for characterization of the gene function.
基金This study was provided by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant No. 5001121the China Meteorological Administration under Grant Nos. CMATG2005Y05 and CMATG2008Z10the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau under Grant Nos. 2007A2 and GRMC2007Z03
文摘Extending the lead time of precipitation nowcasts is vital to improvements in heavy rainfall warning, flood mitigation, and water resource management. Because the TREC vector （tracking radar echo by correlation） represents only the instantaneous trend of precipitation echo motion, the approach using derived echo motion vectors to extrapolate radar reflectivity as a rainfall forecast is not satisfactory if the lead time is beyond 30 minutes. For longer lead times, the effect of ambient winds on echo movement should be considered. In this paper, an extrapolation algorithm that extends forecast lead times up to 3 hours was developed to blend TREC vectors with model-predicted winds. The TREC vectors were derived from radar reflectivity patterns in 3 km height CAPPI （constant altitude plan position indicator） mosaics through a cross-correlation technique. The background steering winds were provided by predictions of the rapid update assimilation model CHAF （cycle of hourly assimilation and forecast）. A similarity index was designed to determine the vertical level at which model winds were applied in the extrapolation process, which occurs via a comparison between model winds and radar vectors. Based on a summer rainfall case study, it is found that the new algorithm provides a better forecast.
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (No. 30170925).
文摘BACKGROUND: Gene therapy as part of modern molecu-lar medicine holds great promise for the treatment of hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has the potential to bringa revolutionary era to cancer treatment. For the past de-cade various viral and non-viral vectors have been engi-neered for improved liver gene therapy.DATA RESOURCES: An English-language literature searchusing MEDLINE (2004), Index Medicus (2004) and biblio-graphic reviews of books and review articles. Liver-directedgene transfer vectors and their history and recent clinicalapplications.RESULTS: The ultimate goal of liver-directed gene therapyfor HCC is the stable expression of a therapeutic transgenein a significant proportion of hepatocytes. The design of avector system providing efficient and stable gene engraft-ment and expression in human hepatocytes is still a chal-lenging issue. The advantages and disadvantages of the ge-netically engineered vector of viral or non-viral origin arediscussed with respect to their essential relevance.CONCLUSION: Liver gene therapy has a long way to goand efficient and innocuous liver-directed gene transfer vec-tors are therefore urgently required.
文摘The breeding method has been widely used to generate ensemble perturbations in ensemble forecasting due to its simple concept and low computational cost. This method produces the fastest growing perturbation modes to catch the growing components in analysis errors. However, the bred vectors （BVs） are evolved on the same dynamical flow, which may increase the dependence of perturbations. In contrast, the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector （NLLV） scheme generates flow-dependent perturbations as in the breeding method, but regularly conducts the Gram-Schmidt reorthonormalization processes on the perturbations. The resulting NLLVs span the fast-growing perturbation subspace efficiently, and thus may grasp more com- ponents in analysis errors than the BVs. In this paper, the NLLVs are employed to generate initial ensemble perturbations in a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model. The performances of the ensemble forecasts of the NLLV method are systematically compared to those of the random pertur- bation （RP） technique, and the BV method, as well as its improved version--the ensemble transform Kalman filter （ETKF） method. The results demonstrate that the RP technique has the worst performance in ensemble forecasts, which indicates the importance of a flow-dependent initialization scheme. The ensemble perturbation subspaces of the NLLV and ETKF methods are preliminarily shown to catch similar components of analysis errors, which exceed that of the BVs. However, the NLLV scheme demonstrates slightly higher ensemble forecast skill than the ETKF scheme. In addition, the NLLV scheme involves a significantly simpler algorithm and less computation time than the ETKF method, and both demonstrate better ensemble forecast skill than the BV scheme.
文摘In this paper the geometric description and general theory of mechanical twinning are reviewed, the twins in general lattices and superlattices are summarized, and the kinetic process by which mechanical twins form is revisited. A case study of mechanical twinning of HfV2+Nb, (cubic) Laves phase, is presented and the synchroshear of selected atomic layers is proposed to explain the physical process of twin formation. If the twins form in this way, then long shear vectors and / or atomicshuffles are not really necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61473100)
文摘In order to achieve a high precision in three-dimensional（3D） multi-camera measurement system, an efficient multi-cameracalibration method is proposed. A stitching method of large scalecalibration targets is deduced, and a fundamental of multi-cameracalibration based on the large scale calibration target is provided.To avoid the shortcomings of the method, the vector differencesof reprojection error with the presence of the constraint conditionof the constant rigid body transformation is modelled, and mini-mized by the Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） method. Results of thesimulation and observation data calibration experiment show thatthe accuracy of the system calibrated by the proposed methodreaches 2 mm when measuring distance section of 20 000 mmand scale section of 7 000 mm × 7 000 mm. Consequently, theproposed method of multi-camera calibration performs better thanthe fundamental in stability. This technique offers a more uniformerror distribution for measuring large scale space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30672162)
文摘Objective To construct lentivirus vectors carrying alphastatin gene,test its secretion expression in human umbilical vein endothelia cells(HUVECs)and observe its effects on growth,migration and tube formation of HUVECs.Methods We constructed recombinant lentivirus vectors of NT4-alphastatin fusion gene containing neurotrophin-4 signal peptide,pro-region sequences and alphastatin,then transfected the recombinant lentivirus vectors into HUVECs to obtain secretory protein alphastatin and test its anti-angiogenic activities in vitro.Results Our data showed that recombinant self-inactivating lentivirus vectors of NT4-alphastatin were successfully constructed,and stable NT4-alphastatin transduced HUVECs were capable of sustainably secreting alphastatin which significantly suppressed HUVECs migration and differentiation but not VEGF-induced proliferation.Conclusion This report represents the first time on the use of lentivirus-based vectors to deliver alphastatin,the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor,and reveals the potential utility of anti-angiogenic gene therapy with lentivirus vectors for treating cancer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11371284,11771343)
文摘In this paper, from the viewpoint of the time value of money, we study the risk measures for portfolio vectors with discount factor. Cash subadditive risk measures for portfolio vectors are proposed. Representation results are given by two different methods which are convex analysis and enlarging space. Especially, the method of convex analysis make the line of reasoning and the representation result be simpler. Meanwhile, spot and forward risk measures for portfolio vectors are also introduced, and the relationships between them are investigated.
