Mold spoilage and nutrition enrichment are major concerns of Chinese steamed bread,and using functional lactic acid bacteria as starter to play the role of in-situ preservation and nutritional fortification was a prom...Mold spoilage and nutrition enrichment are major concerns of Chinese steamed bread,and using functional lactic acid bacteria as starter to play the role of in-situ preservation and nutritional fortification was a promising alternative.Hence,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P10 capable of inhibiting spoilage microorganisms and producing γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)(380 mg/L)was screened from Chinese pickle.Metabolomics analysis showed that P10 produced key antimicrobial metabolites mainly including ten organic acids,aldehyde,alkaloid.Besides,P10 might exhibit health beneficial effects such as degrading cholesterol,lowering blood glucose and reducing uric acid due to the production of deoxycholic acid and Ile-Pro-Ile,and the degradation of purine.Finally,the promising application potential of P10 was evidenced in steamed bread with extended shelf life,excellent anti-aging effect,and 24.5-fold enrichment of GABA.Conclusively,this investigation could provide scientific basis for the application of P10 as a functional starter in steamed bread.展开更多
Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration ...Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL,paeonol was adequate to fully inhibit the growth of F.graminearum mycelia within 3 days.Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis showed that paeonol had no impact on the outer surface of F.graminearum cell walls.While propidium iodide staining,extracellular conductivity,and pH value measurements demonstrated that paeonol disrupted the cell membrane.Furthermore,lipid oxidation and osmotic stress responses were observed in F.graminearum treated with paeonol,resulting in a 47.23%rise in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and a 515.43%increase in glycerol levels.Moreover,on the 7th day after exposure to paeonol treatment,the deoxynivalenol(DON)level was significantly reduced,measuring only onefifth of that in the control group.Finally,paeonol was shown to inhibit F.graminearum on wheat grains and steamed bread slices.These results,for the first time,revealed the inhibitory mode of action of paeonol against F.graminearum as reflected by disruption of cell membrane integrity,induction of lipid oxidation and osmotic pressure,as well as DON biosynthesis.Furthermore,this study provided scientific evidence for the potential applications of paeonol in agriculture and food industry.展开更多
The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory ...The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory qualities of the food.The effects of five different particle size variations on the physicochemical characteristics,dough,and steamed bread structure of Flaxseed-based milk coproduct(FMC)were investigated.As the particle size decreases,the structure of the dough becomes denser due to an increase in water retention capacity and dissolution capacity,weakening the competition for dough moisture and allowing for an increase in air-holding capacity.The reduction in particle size increased the specific volume of the steamed bread,a decrease in the spread ratio,and an optimization of hardness and elasticity,as well as an increase in consumer acceptance of the FMC steamed bread.However,it is not the smaller the particle size,the higher the quality of steamed bread,appropriate reduction of particle size can improve the quality of steamed bread.In addition,the addition of FMC reduces fat digestion.Therefore,the present study proposes a method to change the particle size of FMC to optimize the quality of the steamed bread and to reduce fat digestibility by adding FMC.展开更多
Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FM...Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FMC and okara.We also examined the in vitro starch digestibility,expected glycemic index(eGI),starch crystallinity,and short-range order structure of CSB.The results showed that FMC and okara decreased the dough fluidity,formed a dense structure,and enhanced the mechanical properties of the dough.FMC and okara increased the hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the CSB,while decreasing its cohesion and elasticity.The addition of FMC and okara improved the nutrient content of CSB and reduced the eGI from 75.86 to 51.56.FMC and okara altered the multiscale structure of starch,effectively shielding the amylase site of action,and limited the interaction between amylase and starch.This study provides a reference for the high-value utilization of oilseed processing by-products.展开更多
Staling is an important issue that Chinese steamed bread(CSB)may encounter during storage,which significantly affects their taste,flavor,and nutritional value.The monitoring technology for rapid aging is particularly ...Staling is an important issue that Chinese steamed bread(CSB)may encounter during storage,which significantly affects their taste,flavor,and nutritional value.The monitoring technology for rapid aging is particularly important to effectively control the aging process of CSB,reduce quality deterioration,and promote the industrial production of CSB.Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in the study of food structure and properties due to its non-destructive and high-sensitivity characteristics,particularly demonstrating unique advantages in the analysis of starch structure.This study explored the possibility of analyzing the staling of CSB using Raman spectroscopy based on hardness and moisture content.Analysis of the correlation between the hardness of CSB and the full width at half maximum(FWHM)at 480 cm^(−1)during storage was conducted,and a significant positive correlation between them was found,with R^(2)above 0.8.Besides,nine characteristic peaks of CSB samples related to starch were selected for analysis.As the moisture content of CSB decreased,the peak intensities and areas of showed an upward trend during storage,with the best correlation coefficient above 0.8 revealed by linear regression analysis.Therefore,Raman spectra could be used as a potential method for the fast prediction of CSB staling.展开更多
Aroma of Chinese steamed bread（CSB） is one of the important parameters that determines the overall quality attributes and consumer acceptance. However, the aroma profile of CSB still remains poorly understood, mainl...Aroma of Chinese steamed bread（CSB） is one of the important parameters that determines the overall quality attributes and consumer acceptance. However, the aroma profile of CSB still remains poorly understood, mainly because of relying on only a single method for aroma extraction in previous studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the volatile aroma compounds of five different samples of CSB using three different aroma extraction methods, namely solid-phase microextraction（SPME）, simultaneous distillation–extraction（SDE）, and purge and trap（PT）. All samples showed a unique aroma profile, which could be attributed to their unique microbial consortia.（E）-2-Nonenal and（E,E）-2,4-decadienal were the most prevalent aromatic compounds revealed by SDE, which have not been reported previously, while ethanol and acetic acid proved to be the most dominant compounds by both SPME and PT. Our approach of combining three different aroma extraction methods provided better insights into the aroma profile of CSB, which had remained largely unknown in previous studies.展开更多
Steamed bread is very popular in the East and Southeast Asian regions, and its quality is affected by some physicochemical properties. Chinese steamed bread was made by adding waxy flour into normal wheat flour in the...Steamed bread is very popular in the East and Southeast Asian regions, and its quality is affected by some physicochemical properties. Chinese steamed bread was made by adding waxy flour into normal wheat flour in the present study. The results showed that specific volume was not affected by the proportions of waxy flour, whereas, adding waxy flour decreased the appearance, color, texture, elasticity, stickiness, and the total score of Chinese steamed bread. However, there were no significant differences in all values when the proportions of waxy flour were below 10%. All evaluations but specific volume of Chinese steamed bread were positively influenced by the peak viscosity, resistance, and maximum resistance. When the waxy flour proportions were below 25%, the firmness of Chinese steamed bread stored at -18℃ for 3 days gradually decreased with the increase of waxy flour. It was revealed that the qualities of Chinese steamed bread cannot be improved by waxy flour but it can be widely used in frozen storing food in the future.展开更多
Sourdough starters for making traditional steamed bread are rich in microbes.Studies have shown that,in addition to yeast and lactic acid bacteria(LAB),acetic acid bacteria(AAB)are other functional species in sourdoug...Sourdough starters for making traditional steamed bread are rich in microbes.Studies have shown that,in addition to yeast and lactic acid bacteria(LAB),acetic acid bacteria(AAB)are other functional species in sourdough,but the influences of AAB on the properties of sourdough and steamed bread were rarely reported.This study aimed to assess the effects of a selected strain of acetic acid bacterium on the properties of sourdough and steamed bread.Sourdoughs and steamed breads were prepared from five different starter cultures,marked as CK(control check,with no starters),Y(only yeast),YL(yeast+LAB),YA(yeast+AAB)and YLA(yeast+LAB+AAB),and their properties were determined.The results of sour dough properties showed that the YLA sourdough had the highest total titratable acid of 14.6 mL and the lowest pH of 3.87 compared with the other groups after fermentation to 8 h;and the YLA sourdough had the greatest elasticity and viscosity.The results of quality properties of steamed bread revealed that the L*value(88.40±0.09)of the YA steamed bread was significantly higher than those of the YLA and YL steamed breads;the YLA steamed bread had the highest specific volume and the highest sensory score of 89.6±3.31 in comparison to those of the other groups;the hardness and chewiness of YLA and YA steamed breads were significantly lower than those of the other groups.Volatile compounds in the steamed breads were also determined by SPME-GC-MS.A total of 42 flavor substances were detected,including 3 kinds of alcohols,8 kinds of aldehydes,7 kinds of ketones,2 kinds of acids,15 kinds of esters,1 furan,and 6 kinds of other types of compounds,mainly alkanes and esters,followed by alcohols and aldehydes.The YLA steamed bread was richer in esters,aldehydes,and acids than those from the other treatment groups.By contrast,alkanes and aldehydes were dominant in the Y and YL steamed breads.Therefore,the flavor and quality of the steamed bread made from the YLA sourdough could be improved obviously.These results could provide references for the application of AAB in dough fermentation and the improvement of new kinds of starters.展开更多
Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal ...Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal of this study was to improve the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour by incorporating pentosanase(Pn)and glucose oxidase(Gox)enzymes,with particular emphasis on the evolutionary changes in its components.The inclusion of Gox did not produce any substantial impact on the volumetric characteristics of the steamed bread.The incorporation of Pn and Gox has been seen to enhance the overall excellence of steamed bread by optimizing loaf volume and textural characteristics while also improving the thermal stability of the dough.The existence of two endothermic peaks could be attributed to bound water or alterations in the granules within the starch crystallization region.Adding Pn and Gox reduced and increased the formation and stability time of the dough,respectively.A certain ratio was employed to assess alternations in the crystallinity of starch granules over a limited range.After steaming,a significant decrease in IR1047/1022 was observed,indicating that the elevated temperature partially disrupted the internal starch crystal structure,leading to a gelatinization reaction with water.The ratio of tensile resistance(R)and elongation(E)of dough increased significantly compared to the control.The results obtained from this study indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of enzymes(Pn+Gox)holds significant promise for expanding the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour dough and improving the quality attributes of steamed bread.展开更多
In this study,the different physical and chemical properties of wheat were studied,and on this basis,and the quality of steamed bread made was evaluated.We analyzed the correlation between the evaluation indexes of st...In this study,the different physical and chemical properties of wheat were studied,and on this basis,and the quality of steamed bread made was evaluated.We analyzed the correlation between the evaluation indexes of steamed bread and the basic physical and chemical indexes of wheat,and investigated important factors that affect the evaluation indexes of steamed bread,including flour extraction rate,protein content,amylose content,protein,added amount of yeast,fermentation time and other aspects.According to the study results,it was shown that different factors had different effect on steamed bread quality,with both positive correlation and negative correlation.展开更多
This study investigated the impact of wheatgrass powder(WGP)as a functional ingredient in steamed bread from the nutritional and techno-functional perspective.The addition of WGP significantly enhanced the antioxidant...This study investigated the impact of wheatgrass powder(WGP)as a functional ingredient in steamed bread from the nutritional and techno-functional perspective.The addition of WGP significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner,attributed to its bioactive compounds,though thermal processing led to a reduction due to heat sensitivity.Physicochemical analysis revealed that WGP enrichment decreased moisture content(34.27% and 33.82% for 2.5%and 5.0%WGP vs.38.37% for control)and increased weight loss(1.45% and 1.52% for 2.5%and 5.0% WGP vs.1.27% for control),likely due to fiber-gluten competition for water,while water absorption capacity(WAC)improved with higher WGP levels(1.60 g/g and 1.92 g/g for 2.5% and 5.0% WGP vs.1.40 g/g for control).The microstructural analysis demonstrated that WGP disrupted the glutenstarch matrix,increasing porosity and reducing starch gelatinization,correlating with altered textural properties.Notably,WGP extended microbial shelf life by 48–72 h(delaying mold growth to 3–4 d vs.2 d in control),likely due to its anti-microbial bioactive constituents.Sensory evaluation indicated that WGP-enriched steamed bread achieved optimal consumer acceptance.These findings suggest that WGP is a promising functional ingredient for improving the nutritional and sensory quality of steamed bread,though optimizing processing conditions is crucial to mitigate the thermal degradation of antioxidants.展开更多
The sensomics approach was applied to elucidate the flavor profile of Chinese steamed breads(CSBs)fermented by different fresh and dry yeast,respectively.The quantitative descriptive analysis(QDA)led to the establishm...The sensomics approach was applied to elucidate the flavor profile of Chinese steamed breads(CSBs)fermented by different fresh and dry yeast,respectively.The quantitative descriptive analysis(QDA)led to the establishment of seven sensory attributes.Results noted that fresh yeast CSBs were characterized by milk,bouquet,sweet,and sour attributes,while the corresponding dry yeast CSBs exhibited wheat and yeast attributes.According to OAVs≥1,34 aroma-active chemicals were shown to be significant odorants.Isoamyl alcohol,2,3-butanediol,benzoic acid,acetoin,hexanal,and indole had a significant contribution to the different aroma profiles of dry and fresh yeast CSBs.The result of correlation analysis showed that 2,3-butanediol and benzoic acid were correlated with sweet,milk,and sour attributes,hexanal and indole were related to bouquet attribute,and acetoin was associated with flour.Further aroma recombination confirmed the contribution of these key components in flavor discrimination of CSBs.These results will provide guidance for the yeast-CSBs flavor evaluation,improvement,and quality control.展开更多
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundations of Hebei Province(C2022208003)Youth Top Talent Plan in Hebei Province。
文摘Mold spoilage and nutrition enrichment are major concerns of Chinese steamed bread,and using functional lactic acid bacteria as starter to play the role of in-situ preservation and nutritional fortification was a promising alternative.Hence,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P10 capable of inhibiting spoilage microorganisms and producing γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)(380 mg/L)was screened from Chinese pickle.Metabolomics analysis showed that P10 produced key antimicrobial metabolites mainly including ten organic acids,aldehyde,alkaloid.Besides,P10 might exhibit health beneficial effects such as degrading cholesterol,lowering blood glucose and reducing uric acid due to the production of deoxycholic acid and Ile-Pro-Ile,and the degradation of purine.Finally,the promising application potential of P10 was evidenced in steamed bread with extended shelf life,excellent anti-aging effect,and 24.5-fold enrichment of GABA.Conclusively,this investigation could provide scientific basis for the application of P10 as a functional starter in steamed bread.
基金support from the Grain,Oil,and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province(GO202206)the Cultivation Program for Young Backbone Teachers at Henan University of Technology+3 种基金the Key R&D Projects in Henan Province(231111113300)Double First-Class Discipline Construction Program of Henan University of Technology(0517-24410014)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104600)Joint Research Fund for science and technology R&D Projects of Henan Province(225200810066).
文摘Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum)is a severe phytopathogen threatening agriculture production and food security.Paeonol,serves as a plant-derived natural component,is a promising antifungal agent.At a concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL,paeonol was adequate to fully inhibit the growth of F.graminearum mycelia within 3 days.Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis showed that paeonol had no impact on the outer surface of F.graminearum cell walls.While propidium iodide staining,extracellular conductivity,and pH value measurements demonstrated that paeonol disrupted the cell membrane.Furthermore,lipid oxidation and osmotic stress responses were observed in F.graminearum treated with paeonol,resulting in a 47.23%rise in malondialdehyde(MDA)levels and a 515.43%increase in glycerol levels.Moreover,on the 7th day after exposure to paeonol treatment,the deoxynivalenol(DON)level was significantly reduced,measuring only onefifth of that in the control group.Finally,paeonol was shown to inhibit F.graminearum on wheat grains and steamed bread slices.These results,for the first time,revealed the inhibitory mode of action of paeonol against F.graminearum as reflected by disruption of cell membrane integrity,induction of lipid oxidation and osmotic pressure,as well as DON biosynthesis.Furthermore,this study provided scientific evidence for the potential applications of paeonol in agriculture and food industry.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory qualities of the food.The effects of five different particle size variations on the physicochemical characteristics,dough,and steamed bread structure of Flaxseed-based milk coproduct(FMC)were investigated.As the particle size decreases,the structure of the dough becomes denser due to an increase in water retention capacity and dissolution capacity,weakening the competition for dough moisture and allowing for an increase in air-holding capacity.The reduction in particle size increased the specific volume of the steamed bread,a decrease in the spread ratio,and an optimization of hardness and elasticity,as well as an increase in consumer acceptance of the FMC steamed bread.However,it is not the smaller the particle size,the higher the quality of steamed bread,appropriate reduction of particle size can improve the quality of steamed bread.In addition,the addition of FMC reduces fat digestion.Therefore,the present study proposes a method to change the particle size of FMC to optimize the quality of the steamed bread and to reduce fat digestibility by adding FMC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+2 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14,the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FMC and okara.We also examined the in vitro starch digestibility,expected glycemic index(eGI),starch crystallinity,and short-range order structure of CSB.The results showed that FMC and okara decreased the dough fluidity,formed a dense structure,and enhanced the mechanical properties of the dough.FMC and okara increased the hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the CSB,while decreasing its cohesion and elasticity.The addition of FMC and okara improved the nutrient content of CSB and reduced the eGI from 75.86 to 51.56.FMC and okara altered the multiscale structure of starch,effectively shielding the amylase site of action,and limited the interaction between amylase and starch.This study provides a reference for the high-value utilization of oilseed processing by-products.
基金the support from Scientific Research Project of Wuhan Polytechnic University(532100308).
文摘Staling is an important issue that Chinese steamed bread(CSB)may encounter during storage,which significantly affects their taste,flavor,and nutritional value.The monitoring technology for rapid aging is particularly important to effectively control the aging process of CSB,reduce quality deterioration,and promote the industrial production of CSB.Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in the study of food structure and properties due to its non-destructive and high-sensitivity characteristics,particularly demonstrating unique advantages in the analysis of starch structure.This study explored the possibility of analyzing the staling of CSB using Raman spectroscopy based on hardness and moisture content.Analysis of the correlation between the hardness of CSB and the full width at half maximum(FWHM)at 480 cm^(−1)during storage was conducted,and a significant positive correlation between them was found,with R^(2)above 0.8.Besides,nine characteristic peaks of CSB samples related to starch were selected for analysis.As the moisture content of CSB decreased,the peak intensities and areas of showed an upward trend during storage,with the best correlation coefficient above 0.8 revealed by linear regression analysis.Therefore,Raman spectra could be used as a potential method for the fast prediction of CSB staling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371826)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M592002)
文摘Aroma of Chinese steamed bread（CSB） is one of the important parameters that determines the overall quality attributes and consumer acceptance. However, the aroma profile of CSB still remains poorly understood, mainly because of relying on only a single method for aroma extraction in previous studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the volatile aroma compounds of five different samples of CSB using three different aroma extraction methods, namely solid-phase microextraction（SPME）, simultaneous distillation–extraction（SDE）, and purge and trap（PT）. All samples showed a unique aroma profile, which could be attributed to their unique microbial consortia.（E）-2-Nonenal and（E,E）-2,4-decadienal were the most prevalent aromatic compounds revealed by SDE, which have not been reported previously, while ethanol and acetic acid proved to be the most dominant compounds by both SPME and PT. Our approach of combining three different aroma extraction methods provided better insights into the aroma profile of CSB, which had remained largely unknown in previous studies.
文摘Steamed bread is very popular in the East and Southeast Asian regions, and its quality is affected by some physicochemical properties. Chinese steamed bread was made by adding waxy flour into normal wheat flour in the present study. The results showed that specific volume was not affected by the proportions of waxy flour, whereas, adding waxy flour decreased the appearance, color, texture, elasticity, stickiness, and the total score of Chinese steamed bread. However, there were no significant differences in all values when the proportions of waxy flour were below 10%. All evaluations but specific volume of Chinese steamed bread were positively influenced by the peak viscosity, resistance, and maximum resistance. When the waxy flour proportions were below 25%, the firmness of Chinese steamed bread stored at -18℃ for 3 days gradually decreased with the increase of waxy flour. It was revealed that the qualities of Chinese steamed bread cannot be improved by waxy flour but it can be widely used in frozen storing food in the future.
基金supported by Young Key Teachers Training Program of Henan University of Technology and Young Key Teachers Cultivation Plan in Colleges and Universities of Henan province (2019GGJS-088)sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Henan(202300410113)
文摘Sourdough starters for making traditional steamed bread are rich in microbes.Studies have shown that,in addition to yeast and lactic acid bacteria(LAB),acetic acid bacteria(AAB)are other functional species in sourdough,but the influences of AAB on the properties of sourdough and steamed bread were rarely reported.This study aimed to assess the effects of a selected strain of acetic acid bacterium on the properties of sourdough and steamed bread.Sourdoughs and steamed breads were prepared from five different starter cultures,marked as CK(control check,with no starters),Y(only yeast),YL(yeast+LAB),YA(yeast+AAB)and YLA(yeast+LAB+AAB),and their properties were determined.The results of sour dough properties showed that the YLA sourdough had the highest total titratable acid of 14.6 mL and the lowest pH of 3.87 compared with the other groups after fermentation to 8 h;and the YLA sourdough had the greatest elasticity and viscosity.The results of quality properties of steamed bread revealed that the L*value(88.40±0.09)of the YA steamed bread was significantly higher than those of the YLA and YL steamed breads;the YLA steamed bread had the highest specific volume and the highest sensory score of 89.6±3.31 in comparison to those of the other groups;the hardness and chewiness of YLA and YA steamed breads were significantly lower than those of the other groups.Volatile compounds in the steamed breads were also determined by SPME-GC-MS.A total of 42 flavor substances were detected,including 3 kinds of alcohols,8 kinds of aldehydes,7 kinds of ketones,2 kinds of acids,15 kinds of esters,1 furan,and 6 kinds of other types of compounds,mainly alkanes and esters,followed by alcohols and aldehydes.The YLA steamed bread was richer in esters,aldehydes,and acids than those from the other treatment groups.By contrast,alkanes and aldehydes were dominant in the Y and YL steamed breads.Therefore,the flavor and quality of the steamed bread made from the YLA sourdough could be improved obviously.These results could provide references for the application of AAB in dough fermentation and the improvement of new kinds of starters.
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFD2301401)+4 种基金Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211576)the Central Government Guides Local Funds(ZYYD2023A13)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2022XDNY233)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630564)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal of this study was to improve the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour by incorporating pentosanase(Pn)and glucose oxidase(Gox)enzymes,with particular emphasis on the evolutionary changes in its components.The inclusion of Gox did not produce any substantial impact on the volumetric characteristics of the steamed bread.The incorporation of Pn and Gox has been seen to enhance the overall excellence of steamed bread by optimizing loaf volume and textural characteristics while also improving the thermal stability of the dough.The existence of two endothermic peaks could be attributed to bound water or alterations in the granules within the starch crystallization region.Adding Pn and Gox reduced and increased the formation and stability time of the dough,respectively.A certain ratio was employed to assess alternations in the crystallinity of starch granules over a limited range.After steaming,a significant decrease in IR1047/1022 was observed,indicating that the elevated temperature partially disrupted the internal starch crystal structure,leading to a gelatinization reaction with water.The ratio of tensile resistance(R)and elongation(E)of dough increased significantly compared to the control.The results obtained from this study indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of enzymes(Pn+Gox)holds significant promise for expanding the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour dough and improving the quality attributes of steamed bread.
文摘In this study,the different physical and chemical properties of wheat were studied,and on this basis,and the quality of steamed bread made was evaluated.We analyzed the correlation between the evaluation indexes of steamed bread and the basic physical and chemical indexes of wheat,and investigated important factors that affect the evaluation indexes of steamed bread,including flour extraction rate,protein content,amylose content,protein,added amount of yeast,fermentation time and other aspects.According to the study results,it was shown that different factors had different effect on steamed bread quality,with both positive correlation and negative correlation.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2022XDNY233)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KJYQ2025018)+3 种基金National key research and development plan project(2022YFD2301401)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the CAST(2022QNRC001)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong and Jiangsu Province(2024TZXD070,BE2023370)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘This study investigated the impact of wheatgrass powder(WGP)as a functional ingredient in steamed bread from the nutritional and techno-functional perspective.The addition of WGP significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner,attributed to its bioactive compounds,though thermal processing led to a reduction due to heat sensitivity.Physicochemical analysis revealed that WGP enrichment decreased moisture content(34.27% and 33.82% for 2.5%and 5.0%WGP vs.38.37% for control)and increased weight loss(1.45% and 1.52% for 2.5%and 5.0% WGP vs.1.27% for control),likely due to fiber-gluten competition for water,while water absorption capacity(WAC)improved with higher WGP levels(1.60 g/g and 1.92 g/g for 2.5% and 5.0% WGP vs.1.40 g/g for control).The microstructural analysis demonstrated that WGP disrupted the glutenstarch matrix,increasing porosity and reducing starch gelatinization,correlating with altered textural properties.Notably,WGP extended microbial shelf life by 48–72 h(delaying mold growth to 3–4 d vs.2 d in control),likely due to its anti-microbial bioactive constituents.Sensory evaluation indicated that WGP-enriched steamed bread achieved optimal consumer acceptance.These findings suggest that WGP is a promising functional ingredient for improving the nutritional and sensory quality of steamed bread,though optimizing processing conditions is crucial to mitigate the thermal degradation of antioxidants.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21ZR1462400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102123).
文摘The sensomics approach was applied to elucidate the flavor profile of Chinese steamed breads(CSBs)fermented by different fresh and dry yeast,respectively.The quantitative descriptive analysis(QDA)led to the establishment of seven sensory attributes.Results noted that fresh yeast CSBs were characterized by milk,bouquet,sweet,and sour attributes,while the corresponding dry yeast CSBs exhibited wheat and yeast attributes.According to OAVs≥1,34 aroma-active chemicals were shown to be significant odorants.Isoamyl alcohol,2,3-butanediol,benzoic acid,acetoin,hexanal,and indole had a significant contribution to the different aroma profiles of dry and fresh yeast CSBs.The result of correlation analysis showed that 2,3-butanediol and benzoic acid were correlated with sweet,milk,and sour attributes,hexanal and indole were related to bouquet attribute,and acetoin was associated with flour.Further aroma recombination confirmed the contribution of these key components in flavor discrimination of CSBs.These results will provide guidance for the yeast-CSBs flavor evaluation,improvement,and quality control.
