In late May,the city of Dunhuang,a key historical hub of Eastern and Western cultures in Northwest China's Gansu Province,basked in clear and refreshing weather under a brilliant blue sky.The rugged Mingsha Mounta...In late May,the city of Dunhuang,a key historical hub of Eastern and Western cultures in Northwest China's Gansu Province,basked in clear and refreshing weather under a brilliant blue sky.The rugged Mingsha Mountain,renowned for the musical sounds produced by wind-blown sands when the wind blows,stood in silent majesty.To the close north of the mountain's massive golden dunes stood the city's international convention centre,where some 400 vips from 60 countries host cultural exchanges and mutual learning.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Fa...Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.展开更多
This paper reports literature review in the field of pharmaceutical marketing emphasizing problems faced by medical representatives. India after globalization and being the second highest populated country has emerged...This paper reports literature review in the field of pharmaceutical marketing emphasizing problems faced by medical representatives. India after globalization and being the second highest populated country has emerged as major pharmaceutical market in the world. Pharmaceutical marketing in India is highly relied on personal relationship between medical representatives and doctors. In the last decade, many foreign companies have entered in Indian market. This has posed highly competitive and challenging work environment for medical representatives. Therefore, it is indispensable to study the challenges faced by medical representatives in this dynamic environment.展开更多
American dream represents a wonderful wish of pursuit of better life, it attracts not only American, but also people all over the world to realize their dreams through hard-working. Focusing on people who have become ...American dream represents a wonderful wish of pursuit of better life, it attracts not only American, but also people all over the world to realize their dreams through hard-working. Focusing on people who have become representatives of American dream, we will find that most of them are Non-WASPS.展开更多
According to Kirillov's idea, the irreducible unitary representations of a Lie group G roughly correspond to the coadjoint orbits (?).In the forward direction one applies the methods of geometric quantization to p...According to Kirillov's idea, the irreducible unitary representations of a Lie group G roughly correspond to the coadjoint orbits (?).In the forward direction one applies the methods of geometric quantization to produce a representation, and in the reverse direction one computes a transform of the character of a representation, to obtain a coadjoint orbit. The method of orbits in the representations of Lie groups suggests the detailed study of coadjoint orbits of a Lie group G in the space (?)~* dual to the Lie algebra (?) of G. In this paper, two primary goals are achieved: one is to completely classify the smooth coadjoint orbits of Virasoro group for nonzero central charge c; the other is to find representatives for coadjoint orbits. These questions have been considered previously by Segal, Kirillov, and Witten, but their results are not quite complete. To accomplish this, the authors start by describing the coadjoint action of D-the Lie group of all orientation preserving diffeomorphisms on the circle S^1, and its central extension (?), then the authors will give a complete classification of smooth coadjoint orbits. In fact, they can be parameterized by a subspace Of conjugacy classes of (?)(1,1). Finally, the authors will show how to find representatives f coadjoint orbits by analyzing the vector fields stabilizing the orbits, and describe the amazing connection between the characteristic (trace) of conjugacy classes of (?)(1, 1) and that of vector fields stabilizing orbits.展开更多
The objective of this extensive study was to analyze the motivational problems of medical representatives(MRs) and to examine the effects of environment,job characteristics and personality variables on job satisfactio...The objective of this extensive study was to analyze the motivational problems of medical representatives(MRs) and to examine the effects of environment,job characteristics and personality variables on job satisfaction.The statistical analysis has revealed that MRs have a variety of different responses for working harder which is strictly required.An interesting job and satisfaction with various aspects of their work especially their position,task area and pay induce them to exert extra efforts.Over all,this study has provided evidence that in order to understand the factors influencing employer's satisfaction,researcher must examine the combined effects of above mentioned factors.展开更多
The research examines the way in which members of the U.S. House of Representative represent themselves on the social network site Facebook. Each member’s activity is observed on seven different occasions and the fre...The research examines the way in which members of the U.S. House of Representative represent themselves on the social network site Facebook. Each member’s activity is observed on seven different occasions and the frequency and substantive character of posts made during the second half of 2013 are established. The focus is on position-taking posts versus posts which mention the district the member serves in. Our expectation is that members from electorally safe districts will be more likely to advertise their policy positions while members from marginal districts will be more inclined to advertise their district connections. We control for minority party status, gender, and ideological extremism among other concerns and learn electoral safety is a good predictor of both “position-taking” and “district mentions”. Consistent with an electoral motive, we also find members from the minority party less likely to take positions on the issues of the day and more likely to mention the district they serve in.展开更多
For more than half a centurymanufacturers in search of independentrepresentatives to sell their products innew markets and to establishrelationships with prospective customershave relied upon the services of theManufa...For more than half a centurymanufacturers in search of independentrepresentatives to sell their products innew markets and to establishrelationships with prospective customershave relied upon the services of theManufacturers’ Agents NationalAssociation (MANA).展开更多
Editor:At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a fifteenmember delegation of 7 NGOs and relevant agencies from Poland,Hungary,Bulgaria,Serbia and Cuba visited China to atten...Editor:At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a fifteenmember delegation of 7 NGOs and relevant agencies from Poland,Hungary,Bulgaria,Serbia and Cuba visited China to attend the Seminar on Knowing about China from July 16 to 27.They went to Beijing,Shandong Province and Jiangxi展开更多
Ana Pirtskhalava and Samuel Muyizzi, vice presidents of the International Union of Socialist Youth （IUSY）, visited the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS） and talked to Chinese experts on Jan. 22, 2014.
Greetings…Allow me to begin by extending,on behalf of the Philippine delegation,our heartfelt gratitude to the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)for this excellent opportunity for greater unde...Greetings…Allow me to begin by extending,on behalf of the Philippine delegation,our heartfelt gratitude to the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)for this excellent opportunity for greater understanding of China and its relations to the Philippines,the ASEAN and the rest of the world.This exchange has likewise been an important occasion for us to share our insights on these relations in the light of our common interests and aspirations展开更多
At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),an African delegation composed of 14 representatives from NGOs,think tanks and media of South Africa,Tanzania and Namibia visited Chi...At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),an African delegation composed of 14 representatives from NGOs,think tanks and media of South Africa,Tanzania and Namibia visited China from July 20to 31,2013.The theme of this visit is"Enhancing People-topeople Understanding and Promoting展开更多
文摘In late May,the city of Dunhuang,a key historical hub of Eastern and Western cultures in Northwest China's Gansu Province,basked in clear and refreshing weather under a brilliant blue sky.The rugged Mingsha Mountain,renowned for the musical sounds produced by wind-blown sands when the wind blows,stood in silent majesty.To the close north of the mountain's massive golden dunes stood the city's international convention centre,where some 400 vips from 60 countries host cultural exchanges and mutual learning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341245,82371491)the Chinese Central Government(Key Project of Public Health Program)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1311706,2018YFC1311702)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.
文摘This paper reports literature review in the field of pharmaceutical marketing emphasizing problems faced by medical representatives. India after globalization and being the second highest populated country has emerged as major pharmaceutical market in the world. Pharmaceutical marketing in India is highly relied on personal relationship between medical representatives and doctors. In the last decade, many foreign companies have entered in Indian market. This has posed highly competitive and challenging work environment for medical representatives. Therefore, it is indispensable to study the challenges faced by medical representatives in this dynamic environment.
文摘American dream represents a wonderful wish of pursuit of better life, it attracts not only American, but also people all over the world to realize their dreams through hard-working. Focusing on people who have become representatives of American dream, we will find that most of them are Non-WASPS.
文摘According to Kirillov's idea, the irreducible unitary representations of a Lie group G roughly correspond to the coadjoint orbits (?).In the forward direction one applies the methods of geometric quantization to produce a representation, and in the reverse direction one computes a transform of the character of a representation, to obtain a coadjoint orbit. The method of orbits in the representations of Lie groups suggests the detailed study of coadjoint orbits of a Lie group G in the space (?)~* dual to the Lie algebra (?) of G. In this paper, two primary goals are achieved: one is to completely classify the smooth coadjoint orbits of Virasoro group for nonzero central charge c; the other is to find representatives for coadjoint orbits. These questions have been considered previously by Segal, Kirillov, and Witten, but their results are not quite complete. To accomplish this, the authors start by describing the coadjoint action of D-the Lie group of all orientation preserving diffeomorphisms on the circle S^1, and its central extension (?), then the authors will give a complete classification of smooth coadjoint orbits. In fact, they can be parameterized by a subspace Of conjugacy classes of (?)(1,1). Finally, the authors will show how to find representatives f coadjoint orbits by analyzing the vector fields stabilizing the orbits, and describe the amazing connection between the characteristic (trace) of conjugacy classes of (?)(1, 1) and that of vector fields stabilizing orbits.
文摘The objective of this extensive study was to analyze the motivational problems of medical representatives(MRs) and to examine the effects of environment,job characteristics and personality variables on job satisfaction.The statistical analysis has revealed that MRs have a variety of different responses for working harder which is strictly required.An interesting job and satisfaction with various aspects of their work especially their position,task area and pay induce them to exert extra efforts.Over all,this study has provided evidence that in order to understand the factors influencing employer's satisfaction,researcher must examine the combined effects of above mentioned factors.
文摘The research examines the way in which members of the U.S. House of Representative represent themselves on the social network site Facebook. Each member’s activity is observed on seven different occasions and the frequency and substantive character of posts made during the second half of 2013 are established. The focus is on position-taking posts versus posts which mention the district the member serves in. Our expectation is that members from electorally safe districts will be more likely to advertise their policy positions while members from marginal districts will be more inclined to advertise their district connections. We control for minority party status, gender, and ideological extremism among other concerns and learn electoral safety is a good predictor of both “position-taking” and “district mentions”. Consistent with an electoral motive, we also find members from the minority party less likely to take positions on the issues of the day and more likely to mention the district they serve in.
文摘For more than half a centurymanufacturers in search of independentrepresentatives to sell their products innew markets and to establishrelationships with prospective customershave relied upon the services of theManufacturers’ Agents NationalAssociation (MANA).
文摘Editor:At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a fifteenmember delegation of 7 NGOs and relevant agencies from Poland,Hungary,Bulgaria,Serbia and Cuba visited China to attend the Seminar on Knowing about China from July 16 to 27.They went to Beijing,Shandong Province and Jiangxi
文摘Ana Pirtskhalava and Samuel Muyizzi, vice presidents of the International Union of Socialist Youth （IUSY）, visited the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS） and talked to Chinese experts on Jan. 22, 2014.
文摘Greetings…Allow me to begin by extending,on behalf of the Philippine delegation,our heartfelt gratitude to the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)for this excellent opportunity for greater understanding of China and its relations to the Philippines,the ASEAN and the rest of the world.This exchange has likewise been an important occasion for us to share our insights on these relations in the light of our common interests and aspirations
文摘At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),an African delegation composed of 14 representatives from NGOs,think tanks and media of South Africa,Tanzania and Namibia visited China from July 20to 31,2013.The theme of this visit is"Enhancing People-topeople Understanding and Promoting
文摘仿真点(simulation point,SimPoint)作为一种代表性采样技术被广泛应用于处理器硅前性能评估中。SimPoint为每个待评估的程序根据贝叶斯信息准则确定仿真点数目。然而,标准测试集内不同程序有着不同的行为复杂程度,需要不同数目的仿真点来准确刻画其程序行为。SimPoint无法识别出不同程序间的复杂度差异,无法做到在总仿真点数目一定的情况下,将更多的仿真点分配给行为复杂的程序以降低这些程序的性能评估误差,将更少的仿真点分配给行为简单的程序而不损失这些程序的性能评估精度。由于没有在测试集内合理地进行仿真点分配,SimPoint虽然可以给出比较准确的平均性能评估误差,但是某些行为复杂的测试子项的性能评估误差依然较大。针对这一问题,本文优化了SimPoint的仿真点局部分配方式,提出了一种全局贪心分配方法———贪心点(greedy point,GreedyPoint)方法。该方法将仿真点的分配问题抽象为含约束的优化问题,使用微架构无关特征计算表征误差,通过全局贪心算法来求解该优化问题。实验数据表明,在相同仿真开销下,与SimPoint相比,GreedyPoint可以将SPEC CPU 2017测试套件的平均性能评估误差由3.23%降低到2.08%,最大性能评估误差由21.22%大幅降低至7.01%。
