Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,curr...Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation.Additionally,the Elman neural network,which is commonly employed for SOH estimation,exhibits several drawbacks,including slow training speed,a tendency to become trapped in local minima,and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers,leading to unstable model performance.To address these issues,this study addresses the challenge of precise and effective SOH detection by proposing a method for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries based on differential thermal voltammetry(DTV)and an SSA-Elman neural network.Firstly,two health features(HFs)considering temperature factors and battery voltage are extracted fromthe differential thermal voltammetry curves and incremental capacity curves.Next,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network,forming the SSA-Elman neural network model.To validate the performance,various neural networks,including the proposed SSA-Elman network,are tested using the Oxford battery aging dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the method developed in this study achieves superior accuracy and robustness,with a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.9%and a rootmean square error(RMSE)below 1.4%.展开更多
Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum...Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching(HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation(QT)based on general simultaneous entanglement switching(SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform(IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol's good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise(phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.展开更多
In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can...In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can quickly activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway by triggering the tissue factor(TF)and lead to coagulation.This damage,along with a loss of anticoagulant properties through antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ),TF pathway inhibitors,and the protein C system,can result in a hypercoagulable state and even thrombosis.Hypercoagulability is not only a common feature of many cancers but also an important factor promoting tumor development and metastasis,which corresponds to the TCM theory of“blood stasis leading to tumors.”The pharmacological effects of heparin and aspirin have similarities with TCM's“activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis”theory in improving blood circulation,treating related diseases,and their anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
An internal state variable(ISV)model was established according to the experimental results of hot plane strain compression(PSC)to predict the microstructure evolution during hot spinning of ZK61 alloy.The effects of t...An internal state variable(ISV)model was established according to the experimental results of hot plane strain compression(PSC)to predict the microstructure evolution during hot spinning of ZK61 alloy.The effects of the internal variables were considered in this ISV model,and the parameters were optimized by genetic algorithm.After validation,the ISV model was used to simulate the evolution of grain size(GS)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)fraction during hot spinning via Abaqus and its subroutine Vumat.By comparing the simulated results with the experimental results,the application of the ISV model was proven to be reliable.Meanwhile,the strength of the thin-walled spun ZK61 tube increased from 303 to 334 MPa due to grain refinement by DRX and texture strengthening.Besides,some ultrafine grains(0.5μm)that played an important role in mechanical properties were formed due to the proliferation,movement,and entanglement of dislocations during the spinning process.展开更多
1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-...1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.展开更多
The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wav...The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wave functions.Two plasma mediums,namely,the Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are considered.The screened Coulomb potential(SCP)obtained from Debye-Hückel model is used to represent Debye plasma environments and the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential(ECSCP)obtained from a modified Debye-Hückel model is used to represent quantum plasma environments.The resonance parameters(resonance positions and widths)are presented in terms of the screening parameters.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and stru...This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.展开更多
Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal numbe...Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal number, fetal growth, fetal sex, and calculation of delivery. Previous studies have shown that undergoing such prenatal screening procedures could reduce the antenatal anxiety levels of expectant mothers. The present study aimed to explore the impact of first-trimester ultrasound scanning towards the antenatal anxiety and identify the predictors of antenatal anxiety among expectant mothers in the first trimester. Methods: A repeated measure design study was conducted in Maternity Clinics of University Hospital KDU, Ninewells Care Hospital and Navy General Hospital over 4 months with one hundred and fifteen (n = 115) expectant mothers. Participants completed a general information sheet first and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1970) was administered before and after undergoing the USS. Results: Mean age of the participants was 28.84 ± 3.68. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed that there is a significant reduction of participants’ antenatal anxiety levels following the USS z = −5.658, p Conclusions: Findings suggest that undergoing the first trimester USS significantly reduces the antenatal state anxiety and partner’s support is an important factor in reducing the antenatal anxiety experienced by expectant mothers in the first trimester. Future studies can focus on how USS can contribute to alleviating antenatal anxiety in second and third trimesters.展开更多
Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enh...Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.展开更多
Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three...Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.展开更多
The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as...The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and the axion insulator.However,the surface state gap,which is the prerequisite for the observation of these states,remains elusive.Here by molecular beam epitaxy,we obtain two types of MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films with the exclusive Bi_(2)Te_(3)(BT)or MnBi_(2)Te_(4)(MBT)terminations.By scanning tunneling spectroscopy,the mass terms in the surface states are identified on both surface terminations.Experimental results reveal the existence of a hybridization gap of approximately 23 meV in surface states on the BT termination.This gap comes from the hybridization between the surface states and the spin-split states in the adjacent MBT layer.On the MBT termination,an exchange mass term of about 28±2 meV in surface states is identified by taking magnetic-field-dependent Landau level spectra as well as theoretical simulations.In addition,the mass term varies with the field in the film with a heavy BiMn doping level in the Mn layers.These findings demonstrate the existence of mass terms in surface states on both types of terminations in our epitaxial MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films investigated by local probes.展开更多
This article studies a class of nonlinear Kirchhoff equations with exponential critical growth,trapping potential,and perturbation.Under appropriate assumptions about f and h,the article obtained the existence of norm...This article studies a class of nonlinear Kirchhoff equations with exponential critical growth,trapping potential,and perturbation.Under appropriate assumptions about f and h,the article obtained the existence of normalized positive solutions for this equation via the Trudinger-Moser inequality and variational methods.Moreover,these solutions are also ground state solutions.Additionally,the article also characterized the asymptotic behavior of solutions.The results of this article expand the research of relevant literature.展开更多
Recent developments suggest that the race to power electric vehicles(EV)withsolid-statebatteries(SSB)hasgainedmomentum.In January 2024,Toyota Motor Corporation(Toyota City,Japan)confirmed its previously stated plans t...Recent developments suggest that the race to power electric vehicles(EV)withsolid-statebatteries(SSB)hasgainedmomentum.In January 2024,Toyota Motor Corporation(Toyota City,Japan)confirmed its previously stated plans to start producing SSB EV in the2027-2028timeframe[1].InMay2024,itemergedthattheChi-nesegovernmentplanstoinvestmorethansixbillionCNY(830mil-lion USD)in projects intended to speed up SSB development[2].In June 2024,the automaker Nio(Shanghai,China)began supplying customers with EVs containing“semi-solid-state”batteries-a hybrid technology that could serve as a stepping stone to fully solid versions[3].In September 2024,SAIC Motor(Shanghai,China),China’s largest automobile manufacturer,announced that it would deliver its first SSB-powered vehicles in 2025[4].展开更多
The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structu...The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structure.The fast and robust production of the coherent superposition states is studied by comparing the populations for the f-STA and the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(f-STIRAP).The states with equal proportions can be produced by fixing the controllable parameters of the driving pulses at the final moment of the whole process.The effects of the pulse intensity and the time delay of the pulses on the production process are discussed by monitoring the populations on all of the quantum states.In particular,the spontaneous emission arising from the intermediate state is investigated by the quantum master equation.The result reveals that the f-STA exhibits superior advantages over the f-STIRAP in producing the superposition states.展开更多
We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring...We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell,which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs).The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness.In particular,we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs,and then based on this phenomenon,we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies.This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration.Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.展开更多
This study examines the “V + Dào” construction as a state change event through the lens of the Event Integration Hypothesis. It focuses on how these constructions represent state changes, exploring distinctions...This study examines the “V + Dào” construction as a state change event through the lens of the Event Integration Hypothesis. It focuses on how these constructions represent state changes, exploring distinctions between “change” and “stasis”. Using a corpus-based approach, the analysis covers the semantic and syntactic features of “V + Dào” constructions and their event integration patterns. The findings highlight the distribution of agency, animacy, and support relations in state change events, emphasizing the complex interaction of internal and external event integrations and their correlation with the conceptual primitives of change and transition. This study offers insights into the lexicalization and grammaticalization processes of the “V + Dào” construction, and potentially the broader verb-complement constructions in Mandarin.展开更多
In order to address the widespread data shortage problem in battery research,this paper proposes a generative adversarial network model that combines it with deep convolutional networks,the Wasserstein distance,and th...In order to address the widespread data shortage problem in battery research,this paper proposes a generative adversarial network model that combines it with deep convolutional networks,the Wasserstein distance,and the gradient penalty to achieve data augmentation.To lower the threshold for implementing the proposed method,transfer learning is further introduced.The W-DC-GAN-GP-TL framework is thereby formed.This framework is evaluated on 3 different publicly available datasets to judge the quality of generated data.Through visual comparisons and the examination of two visualization methods(probability density function(PDF)and principal component analysis(PCA)),it is demonstrated that the generated data is hard to distinguish from the real data.The application of generated data for training a battery state model using transfer learning is further evaluated.Specifically,Bi-GRU-based and Transformer-based methods are implemented on 2 separate datasets for estimating state of health(SOH)and state of charge(SOC),respectively.The results indicate that the proposed framework demonstrates satisfactory performance in different scenarios:for the data replacement scenario,where real data are removed and replaced with generated data,the state estimator accuracy decreases only slightly;for the data enhancement scenario,the estimator accuracy is further improved.The estimation accuracy of SOH and SOC is as low as 0.69%and 0.58%root mean square error(RMSE)after applying the proposed framework.This framework provides a reliable method for enriching battery measurement data.It is a generalized framework capable of generating a variety of time series data.展开更多
This study examined gender differences in modal choice among residents of coastal communities of Yenagoa metropolis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Four-Step model of transportation planning and modal choice provided t...This study examined gender differences in modal choice among residents of coastal communities of Yenagoa metropolis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Four-Step model of transportation planning and modal choice provided the theoretical basis for this study. A survey research design involving a stratified sampling technique was adopted. The descriptives on transport modes, amount and time spent revealed that 10 (76.9%) males and 3 (23.1%) females preferred bicycle as means of transportation, 7 (58.3%) males and 5 (41.7%) females preferred motorcycle, while a significant proportion 90 (53.9%) males and 77 (46.1%) females preferred tricycle, 80 (63.0%) males and 47 (37.0%) females preferred cars/taxis, and 12 (46.2%) males and 14 (53.8%) females preferred mass transit bus. However, 14 (46.7%) males and 16 (53.3%) females in marshy terrain and coastal locations preferred canoes and boats. The result of the logistic regression model revealed that gender modal preference is more likely to be influenced by mode of transportation with a beta weight of 1.140, safety considerations 1.139, ownership of transport 1.135 and distance to place of work 1.073. Hence, this study recommends that a combination of these factors should be incorporated into transport planning to achieve effective transport planning and sustainable development in the Yenagoa metropolis.展开更多
Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded...Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded computing, communication and related hardware technologies, CPSs have attracted extensive attention and have been widely used in power system, traffic network, refrigeration system and other fields.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter focuses on how an attacker can design suitable improved zero-dynamics (ZD) attack signal based on state estimates of target system. Improved ZD attack is to change zero dynamic gain matrix of a...Dear Editor,This letter focuses on how an attacker can design suitable improved zero-dynamics (ZD) attack signal based on state estimates of target system. Improved ZD attack is to change zero dynamic gain matrix of attack signal to a matrix with determinant greater than 1.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant(No.51677058).
文摘Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation.Additionally,the Elman neural network,which is commonly employed for SOH estimation,exhibits several drawbacks,including slow training speed,a tendency to become trapped in local minima,and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers,leading to unstable model performance.To address these issues,this study addresses the challenge of precise and effective SOH detection by proposing a method for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries based on differential thermal voltammetry(DTV)and an SSA-Elman neural network.Firstly,two health features(HFs)considering temperature factors and battery voltage are extracted fromthe differential thermal voltammetry curves and incremental capacity curves.Next,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network,forming the SSA-Elman neural network model.To validate the performance,various neural networks,including the proposed SSA-Elman network,are tested using the Oxford battery aging dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the method developed in this study achieves superior accuracy and robustness,with a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.9%and a rootmean square error(RMSE)below 1.4%.
基金Project supported by the Open Fund of Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology (Grant No. ZKSYS202204)the Talent Introduction Fund of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021yjrc34)the Scientific Research Fund of Anhui Provincial Education Department (Grant No. KJ2020A0301)。
文摘Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching(HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation(QT)based on general simultaneous entanglement switching(SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform(IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol's good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise(phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)Youth Guidance Project{Qian Kehe Foundation-[2024]Youth 307}。
文摘In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can quickly activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway by triggering the tissue factor(TF)and lead to coagulation.This damage,along with a loss of anticoagulant properties through antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ),TF pathway inhibitors,and the protein C system,can result in a hypercoagulable state and even thrombosis.Hypercoagulability is not only a common feature of many cancers but also an important factor promoting tumor development and metastasis,which corresponds to the TCM theory of“blood stasis leading to tumors.”The pharmacological effects of heparin and aspirin have similarities with TCM's“activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis”theory in improving blood circulation,treating related diseases,and their anti-inflammatory effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905123)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shandong Province,China(Nos.2020CXGC010303,2022ZLGX04)Key R&D Programme of Shandong Province,China(No.2022JMRH0308).
文摘An internal state variable(ISV)model was established according to the experimental results of hot plane strain compression(PSC)to predict the microstructure evolution during hot spinning of ZK61 alloy.The effects of the internal variables were considered in this ISV model,and the parameters were optimized by genetic algorithm.After validation,the ISV model was used to simulate the evolution of grain size(GS)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)fraction during hot spinning via Abaqus and its subroutine Vumat.By comparing the simulated results with the experimental results,the application of the ISV model was proven to be reliable.Meanwhile,the strength of the thin-walled spun ZK61 tube increased from 303 to 334 MPa due to grain refinement by DRX and texture strengthening.Besides,some ultrafine grains(0.5μm)that played an important role in mechanical properties were formed due to the proliferation,movement,and entanglement of dislocations during the spinning process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52061135101 and 52001078)the German Research Foundation(DFG,No.448318292)+3 种基金the Technology Innovation Guidance Special Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023GXLH-085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000240161)the Project of Key areas of innovation team in Shaanxi Province(No.2024RS-CXTD-20)The author Yingchun Xie thanks the support from the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFE0108000).
文摘1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2024A025)。
文摘The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wave functions.Two plasma mediums,namely,the Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are considered.The screened Coulomb potential(SCP)obtained from Debye-Hückel model is used to represent Debye plasma environments and the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential(ECSCP)obtained from a modified Debye-Hückel model is used to represent quantum plasma environments.The resonance parameters(resonance positions and widths)are presented in terms of the screening parameters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003805)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2022356)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.2023A04J0955).
文摘This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.
文摘Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal number, fetal growth, fetal sex, and calculation of delivery. Previous studies have shown that undergoing such prenatal screening procedures could reduce the antenatal anxiety levels of expectant mothers. The present study aimed to explore the impact of first-trimester ultrasound scanning towards the antenatal anxiety and identify the predictors of antenatal anxiety among expectant mothers in the first trimester. Methods: A repeated measure design study was conducted in Maternity Clinics of University Hospital KDU, Ninewells Care Hospital and Navy General Hospital over 4 months with one hundred and fifteen (n = 115) expectant mothers. Participants completed a general information sheet first and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1970) was administered before and after undergoing the USS. Results: Mean age of the participants was 28.84 ± 3.68. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed that there is a significant reduction of participants’ antenatal anxiety levels following the USS z = −5.658, p Conclusions: Findings suggest that undergoing the first trimester USS significantly reduces the antenatal state anxiety and partner’s support is an important factor in reducing the antenatal anxiety experienced by expectant mothers in the first trimester. Future studies can focus on how USS can contribute to alleviating antenatal anxiety in second and third trimesters.
文摘Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Grant No.12274019the NSAF grant in NSFC with Grant No.U2230402。
文摘Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1403102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474478,92065102,and 61804056).
文摘The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and the axion insulator.However,the surface state gap,which is the prerequisite for the observation of these states,remains elusive.Here by molecular beam epitaxy,we obtain two types of MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films with the exclusive Bi_(2)Te_(3)(BT)or MnBi_(2)Te_(4)(MBT)terminations.By scanning tunneling spectroscopy,the mass terms in the surface states are identified on both surface terminations.Experimental results reveal the existence of a hybridization gap of approximately 23 meV in surface states on the BT termination.This gap comes from the hybridization between the surface states and the spin-split states in the adjacent MBT layer.On the MBT termination,an exchange mass term of about 28±2 meV in surface states is identified by taking magnetic-field-dependent Landau level spectra as well as theoretical simulations.In addition,the mass term varies with the field in the film with a heavy BiMn doping level in the Mn layers.These findings demonstrate the existence of mass terms in surface states on both types of terminations in our epitaxial MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films investigated by local probes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671403,11671236)Henan Provincial General Natural Science Foundation Project(232300420113)。
文摘This article studies a class of nonlinear Kirchhoff equations with exponential critical growth,trapping potential,and perturbation.Under appropriate assumptions about f and h,the article obtained the existence of normalized positive solutions for this equation via the Trudinger-Moser inequality and variational methods.Moreover,these solutions are also ground state solutions.Additionally,the article also characterized the asymptotic behavior of solutions.The results of this article expand the research of relevant literature.
文摘Recent developments suggest that the race to power electric vehicles(EV)withsolid-statebatteries(SSB)hasgainedmomentum.In January 2024,Toyota Motor Corporation(Toyota City,Japan)confirmed its previously stated plans to start producing SSB EV in the2027-2028timeframe[1].InMay2024,itemergedthattheChi-nesegovernmentplanstoinvestmorethansixbillionCNY(830mil-lion USD)in projects intended to speed up SSB development[2].In June 2024,the automaker Nio(Shanghai,China)began supplying customers with EVs containing“semi-solid-state”batteries-a hybrid technology that could serve as a stepping stone to fully solid versions[3].In September 2024,SAIC Motor(Shanghai,China),China’s largest automobile manufacturer,announced that it would deliver its first SSB-powered vehicles in 2025[4].
基金supported by the NSF of China(Grant No.11405100)the Natural Science Basic Research Program in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant Nos.2020JM-507 and 2019JM-332)。
文摘The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity(f-STA)for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with aΛ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structure.The fast and robust production of the coherent superposition states is studied by comparing the populations for the f-STA and the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(f-STIRAP).The states with equal proportions can be produced by fixing the controllable parameters of the driving pulses at the final moment of the whole process.The effects of the pulse intensity and the time delay of the pulses on the production process are discussed by monitoring the populations on all of the quantum states.In particular,the spontaneous emission arising from the intermediate state is investigated by the quantum master equation.The result reveals that the f-STA exhibits superior advantages over the f-STIRAP in producing the superposition states.
文摘We study the topological states(TSs)of all-dielectric honeycomb valley photonic crystals(VPCs).Breaking the space inversion symmetry of the honeycomb lattice by varying the filling ratio of materials for circular ring dielectric columns in the unit cell,which triggers topological phase transitions and thus achieves topological edge states(TESs)and topological corner states(TCSs).The results demonstrate that this structure has efficient photon transmission characteristics and anti-scattering robustness.In particular,we have found that changing the type of edge splicing between VPCs with different topological properties produces a change in the frequency of TCSs,and then based on this phenomenon,we have used a new method of adjusting only the type of edge splicing of the structure to design a novel TCSs combiner that can integrate four TCSs with different frequencies.This work not only expands the variety and number of unexplored TCSs that may exist in a fixed photonic band gap and can be rationalized to be selectively excited in the fixed configuration.Our study provides a feasible pathway for the design of integrated optical devices in which multiple TSs coexist in a single photonic system.
文摘This study examines the “V + Dào” construction as a state change event through the lens of the Event Integration Hypothesis. It focuses on how these constructions represent state changes, exploring distinctions between “change” and “stasis”. Using a corpus-based approach, the analysis covers the semantic and syntactic features of “V + Dào” constructions and their event integration patterns. The findings highlight the distribution of agency, animacy, and support relations in state change events, emphasizing the complex interaction of internal and external event integrations and their correlation with the conceptual primitives of change and transition. This study offers insights into the lexicalization and grammaticalization processes of the “V + Dào” construction, and potentially the broader verb-complement constructions in Mandarin.
基金funded by the Bavarian State Ministry of Science,Research and Art(Grant number:H.2-F1116.WE/52/2)。
文摘In order to address the widespread data shortage problem in battery research,this paper proposes a generative adversarial network model that combines it with deep convolutional networks,the Wasserstein distance,and the gradient penalty to achieve data augmentation.To lower the threshold for implementing the proposed method,transfer learning is further introduced.The W-DC-GAN-GP-TL framework is thereby formed.This framework is evaluated on 3 different publicly available datasets to judge the quality of generated data.Through visual comparisons and the examination of two visualization methods(probability density function(PDF)and principal component analysis(PCA)),it is demonstrated that the generated data is hard to distinguish from the real data.The application of generated data for training a battery state model using transfer learning is further evaluated.Specifically,Bi-GRU-based and Transformer-based methods are implemented on 2 separate datasets for estimating state of health(SOH)and state of charge(SOC),respectively.The results indicate that the proposed framework demonstrates satisfactory performance in different scenarios:for the data replacement scenario,where real data are removed and replaced with generated data,the state estimator accuracy decreases only slightly;for the data enhancement scenario,the estimator accuracy is further improved.The estimation accuracy of SOH and SOC is as low as 0.69%and 0.58%root mean square error(RMSE)after applying the proposed framework.This framework provides a reliable method for enriching battery measurement data.It is a generalized framework capable of generating a variety of time series data.
文摘This study examined gender differences in modal choice among residents of coastal communities of Yenagoa metropolis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Four-Step model of transportation planning and modal choice provided the theoretical basis for this study. A survey research design involving a stratified sampling technique was adopted. The descriptives on transport modes, amount and time spent revealed that 10 (76.9%) males and 3 (23.1%) females preferred bicycle as means of transportation, 7 (58.3%) males and 5 (41.7%) females preferred motorcycle, while a significant proportion 90 (53.9%) males and 77 (46.1%) females preferred tricycle, 80 (63.0%) males and 47 (37.0%) females preferred cars/taxis, and 12 (46.2%) males and 14 (53.8%) females preferred mass transit bus. However, 14 (46.7%) males and 16 (53.3%) females in marshy terrain and coastal locations preferred canoes and boats. The result of the logistic regression model revealed that gender modal preference is more likely to be influenced by mode of transportation with a beta weight of 1.140, safety considerations 1.139, ownership of transport 1.135 and distance to place of work 1.073. Hence, this study recommends that a combination of these factors should be incorporated into transport planning to achieve effective transport planning and sustainable development in the Yenagoa metropolis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303273,62373226)the National Research Foundation,Singapore through the Medium Sized Center for Advanced Robotics Technology Innovation(WP2.7)
文摘Dear Editor,The letter deals with the distributed state and fault estimation of the whole physical layer for cyber-physical systems(CPSs) when the cyber layer suffers from DoS attacks. With the advancement of embedded computing, communication and related hardware technologies, CPSs have attracted extensive attention and have been widely used in power system, traffic network, refrigeration system and other fields.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61873106,62303109)Start-Up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623002)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230807114609019)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter focuses on how an attacker can design suitable improved zero-dynamics (ZD) attack signal based on state estimates of target system. Improved ZD attack is to change zero dynamic gain matrix of attack signal to a matrix with determinant greater than 1.
